From a retrospective study of 366 cases of breast cancer, following results are obtained. 1) Relative incidence of breast cancer is increased during recent 7 years as compared with total female cancer. 2) Invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma with a predominant intraductal component (ICPI) account for 78% of total breast cancer, and its ratio shows little variance during recent 7 years and as compared with previous studies. 3) The incidence of invasive lobular carcinoma is increased as compared with 10 years ago, but it seems more likely that the increase is due to difference in diagnostic criteria rather than due to real increase in incidence. 4) The average patients' age of five major histologic types of breast cancer is 47.3 year. The patient's age of invasive ductal carcinoma is highest and that of ICPI is lowest. 5) Outer upper quadrant is the most frequent site of breast cancer. Left side is slightly more frequent than right side. There is little variance among the histologic types in tumor location. 6) The average symptom duration of patients of major types of breast cancer is 8.4 month. It is longest in invasive ductal carcinoma and shortest in ICPI. 7) Invasive lobular carcinoma is largest in tumor size and intraductal carcinoma is smallest, among the major histological types. 8) Intraductal carcinoma is most freqnently accompanied by nipple discharge and Paget's disease. 9) The rate of axillary lymph node metastasis is highest in invasive lobular carcinoma, followed by invasive ductal carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and ICPI, in order of freqnency. 10) Distant metastasis is to the bone, lung, liver and brain, in order of freqnency. Medullary carcinoma shows the highest rate of distant metastasis. 11) The important prognostic factors of breast cancer are histologic types, status of axillary lymph node metastasis, size of tumor and histologic grade of malignancy. But there is little difference in prognosis between invasive ductal carcinoma and medullary carcinoma.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Breast Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Hepatic Veins*

PURPOSE: Transaxillary and periareolar incision in augmentation mammaplasty has risks of injury to branches of intercostal nerves that lead to sensory loss of upper inner arm and nipple. The aim of study was to compare the incidence of sensory loss between two groups according to incision method. METHODS: One hundred seventy one cases that received transaxillary or periareolar subpectoral breast augmentation at the M.D. Clinic from Jan. 2006 to Jul. 2007 were evaluated for sensory loss of upper inner arm and nipple. The cases were divided into transaxillary (118 cases, 69%) and periareolar group (53 cases, 31%). The type of sensory loss was divided into temporary and permanent. The postoperative follow-up periods were from 7 to 22 months (mean: 8.5 months). RESULTS: In cases of upper inner arm, results were as follows; temporary sensory loss in 9 cases (7.6%) and permanent in 2 cases (1.7%) in the transaxillary incision group and, temporary sensory loss in 1 case (1.9%) and no permanent sensory loss in the periareolar incision group. There is no statistical difference between the two groups for permanent sensory loss (P=0.340). In cases of nipples, results were as follows; temporary sensory loss in 26 cases (22%) and permanent sensory loss in 12 cases (10.2%) in the transaxillary incision group, and temporary sensory loss in 12 cases (10.2%) and permanent sensory loss in 3 cases (5.7%) in the periareolar incision group. There was no statistical difference between two groups (P=0.335). CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference in sensory loss of upper arm and nipple between transaxillary and periareolar approach after subpectoral augmentation mammaplasty.
Arm ; Breast ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Incidence ; Intercostal Nerves ; Mammaplasty ; Nipples

Twenty-four hands of eighteen patients of carpal tunnel syndrome were treated with two or times injection of 5 mg dexamethasone and three weeks splinting at the department of orthopedic surgery, Korea University Hospital From Jan. 1980 to Feb.1985. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Physical findings consisted of sensory disturbances in sixteen hands, positive Tinel sign in thirteen, positive Phalen test in eighteen and thenar atrophy in eight. 2. On electromyographic study, delay of motor conduction velocity of the median nerve was noted in twelve cases and sensory nerve velocity in fifteen. 3. Fifteen patients(eighteen cases) were followed up from 6 months to 30 months. Twelve cases(60%) were improved and three cases were recurred.
Atrophy ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Clinical Study ; Dexamethasone ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; Median Nerve ; Orthopedics ; Splints

We analysed and assessed the 744 eyes(612 patients) which had received mitomycin instillation after pterygium surgery at Wonju Christian Hospital between Jan. 1979 and Feb. 1985 for the evaluation of recurrence rate, sex and age distribution, and other statistical purposes. The results were as follows: 1. The largest age group was 41-50 years of age(236 eyes, 31.7%). 2. All 744 cases consisted of 500 eyes(67.2%) in female and 244 eyes(32.8%) in male, but there was no significant difference in the site of the disease; right eyes. 370 eyes(49.7%) and left eyes, 374 eyes(50.3%). 3. Of all cases, 670 eyes(90.1%) were primary pterygia and 74 eyes(9.9%) were recurrent pterygia. 4. Over all incidence of recurrence was 3.9%(29 eyes).
Age Distribution ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mitomycin* ; Pterygium* ; Recurrence

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Humans

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of primary bipolar arthroplasty during average 9.8-year period, using a non-cemented Multilock femoral stem and a biarticular acetabular cup. Materials and Methods: This study included 24 patients (29 hips) who underwent primary bipolar hemiarthroplasties with Multilock femoral stems and biarticular cups and who could be followed for more than seven years. Clinically, we evaluated the Harris Hip scores and patient complaints of thigh and inguinal pain. We also evaluated the radiographic measurements around the femoral stems and the bipolar cups. Results: The average Harris Hip score improved from 57.4 points to 91.6 points; and 3 (10.3%) hips were associated with thigh pain and 4 (13.8%) hips with inguinal pain. Around the femoral stem there was a non-progressive radiolucent line less than 1 mm in length in 4 (13.8%) hips and osteolysis was present in 6 (20.6%) hips. With respect to the stability of the fixations, there was osseous ingrowth in 26 (89.7%) hips and fibrous ingrowth in 3 (10.3%) hips. Around the acetabulum there was osteolysis in 5 (17.2%) hips, proximal migration of the cup in 2 (6.9%) hips, and erosion of the acetabular cartilage in 10 (34.5%) hips. There were 3 (10.3%) biarticular cups, which were converted to total hip arthroplasties, but no femoral stems were revised. The overall failure rate of the primary operations was 10.3%. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated favorable results after bipolar hemiarthroplasties with Multilock femoral stems. However, the osteolysis that occurred around the femoral stems and the acetabula emerged as a problem after the total hip arthroplasties. In particular, it is expected that the osteolysis would increase over time and become the main cause for the need for surgical revision.
Acetabulum ; Arthroplasty ; Cartilage ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hemiarthroplasty* ; Hip ; Humans ; Osteolysis ; Reoperation ; Thigh

In order to extract useful tumor cell-specific information. DNA contents and other morphological parameters were measured by image analysis. Single cell preparation was made from archived paraffin blocks of 14 cases of bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated, by protease treatment. The cells were Feulgen stained, and DNA content, area, perimeter, and major axis of the tumor cell nuclei were measured. Inflammatory lymphocytes concurrent with the tumor cells were used as an internal standard. DNA ploidies of the lymphocytes and 2C tumor cells showed simple peaks with Gaussian distribution and mean coefficients of variation of 10% and 14% respectively. By the location and proportion of the tumor cells other than 2C cells, DNA ploidies could be classified into diploidy(1 case), polyploidy(2 cases), and aneuploidy(11 cases). The mean proportion of DNA aneuploidal tumor cells relative to the total tumor cells was 82.8%. In 8 cases, nuclear areas showed more or less overlapped distribution, whereas DNA contents showed discrete peaks. THes results suggest that many bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas, poorly differentiated, have DNA aneuploidy and high proportion of aneuploidal cells, and that nuclear size and DNA content are more or less independent parameters.

We analyzed the change of the amount of postoperative deviation between pediatric group (younger than 18 years) and adult. group (older than 18 years) with intermittent exotropia. All of the 141 patients were treated by bilateral recession of lateral rectus muscle. Among 141 patients, 111 were overcorrected immediately after surgery. Among 111 overcorrected patients, 64 were children and 47 were adults. Fifty of 64 overcorrected pediatric patients were satisfied after 6 m.on`ths after surgery, but only 22 of 47 overcorrected adult patients were satisfied. Twenty two of 26 overcorrected 10-15delta immediately after surgery in pediatric group and 17 of 24 overcorrected under 10delta, in adult group were satisfied after 6 months after surgery. Between the two groups, the figure of change of postoperative deviation were different. In pediatric group, postoperative deviation was rnuch naore decreased at. 6 months after surgery, but, changes were less significant in adult group. We suggest that immediately after surgery, a small consecutive esotropia of 10 to ISA is desirable in children but. esotropia less than IDA in adults.
Adult* ; Child ; Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Humans