PURPOSE: Transaxillary and periareolar incision in augmentation mammaplasty has risks of injury to branches of intercostal nerves that lead to sensory loss of upper inner arm and nipple. The aim of study was to compare the incidence of sensory loss between two groups according to incision method. METHODS: One hundred seventy one cases that received transaxillary or periareolar subpectoral breast augmentation at the M.D. Clinic from Jan. 2006 to Jul. 2007 were evaluated for sensory loss of upper inner arm and nipple. The cases were divided into transaxillary (118 cases, 69%) and periareolar group (53 cases, 31%). The type of sensory loss was divided into temporary and permanent. The postoperative follow-up periods were from 7 to 22 months (mean: 8.5 months). RESULTS: In cases of upper inner arm, results were as follows; temporary sensory loss in 9 cases (7.6%) and permanent in 2 cases (1.7%) in the transaxillary incision group and, temporary sensory loss in 1 case (1.9%) and no permanent sensory loss in the periareolar incision group. There is no statistical difference between the two groups for permanent sensory loss (P=0.340). In cases of nipples, results were as follows; temporary sensory loss in 26 cases (22%) and permanent sensory loss in 12 cases (10.2%) in the transaxillary incision group, and temporary sensory loss in 12 cases (10.2%) and permanent sensory loss in 3 cases (5.7%) in the periareolar incision group. There was no statistical difference between two groups (P=0.335). CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference in sensory loss of upper arm and nipple between transaxillary and periareolar approach after subpectoral augmentation mammaplasty.
Arm ; Breast ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Incidence ; Intercostal Nerves ; Mammaplasty ; Nipples

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Hypophysectomy*

No abstract available.
Glomerular Filtration Rate*

Papillary and solid epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas from five patients were studied using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to define the cellular origin of this type of tumor. The tumors ranged in diameter form 5.5 to 15 cm Grossly, these were well circumscribed by a firm, gray-white, fibrous capsule and their cut-surface showed mainly area containing mucinous substance with necrotic and hemorrhagic material, with some solid portion. Microscopically, there was a solid and papillary pattern, with uniform cells typically having round to ovoid nuclei containing indistinct nucleoli and eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, numerous PAS-positive granules were found. Immunostaining was positive for neuron-specific enolase(three of five cases), alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha1-antichymotrypsin(three of five cases) in the solid and papillary portion of the tumor. But no polypeptide hormone immunoreactive cells were present in all cases except for gastrin which showed focally weak positivity in the papillary area. Ultrastructurally, the papillary and solid epithelial neopasm of the pancreas showed evidence of acinar cell differentiation, because in the cell of one observed some zymogen-like granules and presence of annulate lamellae. But also, abundant typical neurosecretory granules were detected in the tumor cells ultrastructurally. Both facts suggested acinar and islet cell differentiation of the tumor. From the these findings, it concluded that papillary and solid epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas may be originated from a primordial cell which will be able to render both endocrine and exocine component.

Leiomyoblastoma is uncommon and has been known as a neoplasm of smooth muscle origin. However, with recent pragress in immunohistochemical staining techniques, many clinicopathological discrepancies have been pointed out about the origin of leiomyoblastoma. We present here a case of gastric leiomyoblastoma did not expressed desmin and neuron specific enolase, and was thought to be of unknown derivation.
Desmin ; Leiomyoma, Epithelioid* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase

Leiomyoblastoma is uncommon and has been known as a neoplasm of smooth muscle origin. However, with recent pragress in immunohistochemical staining techniques, many clinicopathological discrepancies have been pointed out about the origin of leiomyoblastoma. We present here a case of gastric leiomyoblastoma did not expressed desmin and neuron specific enolase, and was thought to be of unknown derivation.
Desmin ; Leiomyoma, Epithelioid* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase

In order to extract useful tumor cell-specific information. DNA contents and other morphological parameters were measured by image analysis. Single cell preparation was made from archived paraffin blocks of 14 cases of bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated, by protease treatment. The cells were Feulgen stained, and DNA content, area, perimeter, and major axis of the tumor cell nuclei were measured. Inflammatory lymphocytes concurrent with the tumor cells were used as an internal standard. DNA ploidies of the lymphocytes and 2C tumor cells showed simple peaks with Gaussian distribution and mean coefficients of variation of 10% and 14% respectively. By the location and proportion of the tumor cells other than 2C cells, DNA ploidies could be classified into diploidy(1 case), polyploidy(2 cases), and aneuploidy(11 cases). The mean proportion of DNA aneuploidal tumor cells relative to the total tumor cells was 82.8%. In 8 cases, nuclear areas showed more or less overlapped distribution, whereas DNA contents showed discrete peaks. THes results suggest that many bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas, poorly differentiated, have DNA aneuploidy and high proportion of aneuploidal cells, and that nuclear size and DNA content are more or less independent parameters.

A number of noninvasive technics have been advocated as reflecting left ventricular performance. These methods include systolic time intervals, echocardiography and imaging of the left ventricular chamber with radionuclides during systole and diastole. Radionuclide evaluation of left ventricular function by means of the gamma camera and gating currently appears to be the most reliable noninvasive method for approximating angiographic evaluation of left ventricular performance. Utilizing the radionuclide angiography, we measured the left ventricular function in 19 normal healthy control, 60 patients with coronary artery diseases 7 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, 5 patients with hypertension. 1) Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased in 12 patients with anterior myocardial infarction (39.9+/-11.6%), 17 patients with inferior myocardial infarction (49.9+/-8.4%) and 7 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (19.0+/-5.8%), and there was a statistically significant difference compared with 19 normal control group (63.5+/-8.2%)(p<0.005). However there were no statistically significant difference between normal control group, patients with hypertension (58.8+/-7.6%) and patients with angina pectoris (60.1+/-6.5%). 2) Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased in both anterior and inferior myocardial infarction, and there was a statisically significant difference between both groups (p<0.01). All 13 patients with acute myocardial infarction had abnormal LVEF (40.5+/-9.1%) whcih was significantly lower than that of 16 patients with old myolardial infarction (50.1+/-10.5%)(p<0.01).
Angina Pectoris ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diastole ; Echocardiography ; Gamma Cameras ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infarction ; Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction ; Radioisotopes ; Radionuclide Angiography* ; Stroke Volume ; Systole ; Ventricular Function, Left*

Transscleral and transpupillary diode lasers are methods of cyclophotocoagulation used to lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor production through ciliary ablation. When compared with the neodymium[Nd]-YAG, the diode laser has characteristics of lower transmission rate through the sclera and more absorption by pigment or melanin in the ciliary body, therefore the transpupillary method might be more effective in Asians who have greater ciliary body pigmentation than caucasian. We compared the efficacy of diode laser transpupillary and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation on lowering of the intraocular pressure in Asian patients. We performed transpupillary[group 2, n=9]and transscleral [group 1, n=21]diode laser cyclophotocoagulation in medically uncontrolled glaucoma patients. Preoperative mean intraocular pressures were 35.0 +/-13.1 millimeters of mercury[group 1]and 31.8 +/-9.8 millimeters of mercury[group 2], respectively. Postoperative mean pressure were 23.0 +/-14.8 millimeters of mercury[group 1]and 24.8 +/-9.9 millimeters of mercury [group 2], respectively. The intraocular pressure decreased in both groups[p=0.002 group 1, p=0.025 group 2]with statistical significance. Complications were phthisis, bullous keratopathy[group 1]and corneal edema[group 2]. Both transscleral and transpupillary diode laser cyclophoto-coagulation may be performed safely to decrease intraocular pressure. Retrospective studies and long term follow up are further needed to determine the safety of laser cyclophotocoagulation.
Absorption ; Aqueous Humor ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Ciliary Body ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Melanins ; Pigmentation ; Retrospective Studies ; Sclera