The heterotopic and tissues may be divided into two categories: those that are found in the head and neck region, and those that arise elsewhere. The latter type is rare and most cases are found in the lungs of patients with neural tube defect, particularly anencephaly. Our report descrives anencephalic male infant with heterotopic glial nodules in both lungs. The largest nodule is 2x1.5x1 cm, locates in the lower lobe of the left lung, and has a round gray-white cut surface with cystic spaces. Microscopically, the nodules consist of irregularly arranged astrocytes and glial fibers, in which are embedded gland-like or cystically dilated bronchioles. The astrocytes and glial fibers are strongly positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and show astrocytic filaments on electron microscopy. This will be an additional case supporting the amniotic fluid aspiration/implantation theory of pathogenetic mechanism of distal heerotopic glial tissue.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Anesthetics*

No abstract available.
Neurilemmoma* ; Trachea*

No abstract available.
Amnion* ; Hydrocortisone* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Epidural Abscess* ; Pott Puffy Tumor*

The incidence of endobronchial tumor in the pediatric period is very rare and the symptoms are very close to those of respiratory tract infection. Diagnosis can be delayed because of low clinical suspicion and the many ways in which these tumors can present. We report the first case, in Korea, of a pulmonary carcinoid tumor that presented with recurrent pneumonia at the same location in adolescence. Treatment is surgical and geared towards complete resection while sparing healthy lung parenchyma. Long-term and careful follow up is recommended to detect local and distant metastasis.
Adolescent* ; Carcinoid Tumor* ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pneumonia* ; Respiratory Tract Infections

PURPOSE: To assess the nationwide rate of acute postoperative endophthalmitis (APE) after cataract extraction in Korea and to evaluate potential risk factors thereof. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nationwide insurance claims data from July 2014 to June 2017 were reviewed. All patients with phacoemulsification or extracapsular/intracapsular cataract extraction were included. Exclusion criteria were combined glaucoma surgery or total vitrectomy or when the patient had a history of intraocular foreign body. RESULTS: In total, 1505103 cases (982203 patients) were included. APE developed in 953 cases (938 patients) with an overall incidence of 0.063%. After adjusting for possible confounding factors, male sex [odds ratio (OR) 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–1.61; p<0.001], primary clinical setting, operations performed in non-major cities, usage of sutures (OR 2.82; 95% CI 2.13–3.74; p<0.001), anterior vitrectomy (OR 8.71; 95% CI 6.71–11.32; p<0.001), aphakic cataract surgery (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.03–2.22; p=0.033), hypertension (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.18–1.66; p<0.001), diabetes (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.31–1.93; p<0.001), and chronic renal failure (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.01–1.62; p=0.039) were found to be related to APE development. CONCLUSION: The incidence of APE after cataract extraction was consistent with reports from other studies. Additional research is needed to determine the relationship of newly found risk factors, such as hypertension, primary clinical setting, chronic renal failure, and usage of suturing, with APE development.
Cataract Extraction ; Cataract ; Endophthalmitis ; Foreign Bodies ; Glaucoma ; Hominidae ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Insurance ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Korea ; Male ; Phacoemulsification ; Risk Factors ; Sutures ; Vitrectomy

No abstract available.
Leiomyosarcoma ; Mouth

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma ; Cervix Uteri* ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Female

Leptin, the product of ob gene, is an endocrine hormone that regulates adipose tissue mass. Recently, leptin has been found to generate a growth signal involving a tyrosine kinase-dependent intracellular pathway and promote angiogenic processes via activation of leptin receptor (Ob-R) in endothelial cells. However, it is not clear how leptin functions to promote multi-step processes involved in the neovascularization at the atherosclerotic plaque. We have examined the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and Ob-R in human atherosclerotic lesions, leptin-mediated angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Immunohistochemical analysis of human atherosclerotic aorta revealed an increased expression of Ob-R in the intima of neorevascularized regions and of both MMPs and TIMPs predominantly in the endothelial lining of intimal neovessels and macrophages/foam cells. In the rat corneal angiogenesis assay, leptin elicited a comparable sensitivity of angiogenic activity to those of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The immunohistological analysis of the leptin-treated rat cornea showed definitive rises in Ob-R, MMPs and TIMPs expression as well as those of VEGF receptor (VEGFR-1). Leptin (10-40 ng/ml) induced proliferation of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and elevation of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Leptin also induced increases of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and Up-regulated the human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs). These findings suggest that leptin, a hormone with pluralistic properties including a mitogenic activity on vascular endothelial cells, plays a role in matrix remodeling by regulating the expression of MMPs and TIMPs. Taken together, our findings further provide evidences for leptin's role as an angiogenesis inducer in the normal organ (rat cornea) and in aberrant vasculature under duress like atherosclerosis.
Animal ; Arteriosclerosis/metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/*enzymology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leptin/*chemistry/metabolism/*physiology ; Lymphokines/metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinases/*biosynthesis ; *Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Rats ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Growth Factor/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism ; Umbilical Veins/metabolism ; Up-Regulation