The UGI studies had been performed to 238 patients below the age of 15 years during the period from Jan. 1979to Jul. 1983 in SCH hospital. The results are as follows; 1. Among 238 cases, 48 cases revealed peptic ulcers ofstomach or duodenum (20.2%). The ulcer was in 31/37 cases of male patients(22.6%), and in 17/101 cases of female(16.8). Below the age of 5 years, ulcer was noted in 9 cases among 61 cases (14.8%), whereas above 5 years, in 39cases among 177 patients (22.0%). 2. In the age group below 5 years, mostly the objective symptoms were discovered(8/9), but above 5 years, complained of subjective symtoms (30/39). 3. The predominant site of peptic ulcer wasgastric antrum in the age group below 5 years (7/9), whereas duodenal bulb above 5 years(33/43). 4. Gastric antrumor duodenal bulb deformity was revealed in 13 cases and most of them were in the age group above 5 years. 5. Alllesion so peptic ulcers in this study were benign in nature. 6. In follow up study after 1 or 2 months, ulcer wasdecreased in size strikingly(9/11).
Congenital Abnormalities ; Duodenum ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Peptic Ulcer ; Ulcer

The tottering (tg/tg) is neurologic mutant mouse exhibiting three neurological disorders: ataxia, petit mal-like absence seizures and myoclonic intermittent movement disorder. The tottering mouse carries an autosomal recessive single gene mutation on chromosome 8. The leaner (tgla) and Nagoya rolling (tgrol) are another two alleles of the tottering (tg). The combination of two mutant (tottering and leaner) produces compound heterozygous, tottering/leaner (tg/tgla) mouse. The genetic etilogy of the tottering and leaner was identified to be a mutation in voltage-dependent calcium channel a1A subunit. It made us link these animal model to human neurologic disease such as autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (SCA6), familial hemiplegic migraine and episodic ataxia type-2. The different onset and severity of neurological symptom of these three mutants (tg/tg, tg/tgla, tgla/tgla) offer good scale to analysis of pathophysiolgy of the neurologic disorder. Altered synapase between parallel fiber varicosity and dendritic spines of Purkinje cell was observed in adult tottering and leaner mice. Through the electron microscopic observation and anticalbindin-28 kd immunohistochemistry, we anaylzed not only the relationship between neurologic symptoms and synaptic plasticity around the ataxic onset of tottering, leaner and tottering leaner double mutation but also Purkinje cell morphology affected by voltage-sensitive calcium channel a1A subunit mutation in totterring mouse. Purkinje cell dendritic spines from proximal dendrites and axonal swellings of Purkine cell were observed frequently in wild type mice. The first apperance point of altered synapse based on semi-quantitative analysis was postnatal 15 days in leaner, postnatal 18 days in totering/leaner double mutation, and 30 days in tottering. These data suggest that altered synapse is associated with ataxia in tottering and leaner mice. Further study is needed to determine whether altered synapse is primary cause of ataxia.
Adult ; Alleles ; Animals ; Ataxia ; Axons ; Calcium Channels ; Cerebellar Ataxia ; Cerebellum* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; Dendrites ; Dendritic Spines* ; Epilepsy, Absence ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice* ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants ; Migraine with Aura ; Models, Animal ; Movement Disorders ; Nervous System Diseases ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Plastics* ; Synapses*

No abstract available.
Calcium* ; Cholera Toxin* ; Cholera* ; Cytoplasm* ; Humans* ; T-Lymphocytes*

Background: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small, naturally occurring molecules that are integral components of the innateimmune system across many organisms. In humans, saliva is rich in various AMPs that play a pivotal role in maintaining oral health by serving as the primary line of defense in the oral cavity. These peptides are essential for protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including bacteria and fungi. Recently, active research has been conducted on both naturally occurring AMPs and modified or synthetic AMPs for the treatment of oral pathogens and their application in dental materials. Methods: We compiled previous studies on AMPs present in saliva and their target oral microorganisms. Additionally, wesummarized research on artificially created AMPs targeting oral pathogens. Furthermore, we analyzed recent trends in applied studies, such as the development of oral rinses, toothpaste, and implant coatings using AMPs. Results: Through a literature review, we identified 19 studies on AMPs present in the oral cavity and 40 studies testing AMPs derivedfrom other organisms or synthetically engineered against oral pathogens. Additionally, we reviewed seven studies on the development of implant coatings and oral hygiene material additives using AMPs. These findings suggest the potential for discovering or developing AMPs with activity against specific oral pathogens that can be applied to improve oral health. Conclusion AMPs exhibit broad antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogens. Their mechanisms of action primarilyinvolve attacking and disrupting the cell membranes of target microorganisms, making them effective against various pathogens.AMPs have the potential for use as coating materials for dental implants or restorative materials that require long-term use.Further research is needed to investigate the cytotoxicity, durability, and stability of AMPs in the oral environment to support their clinical use in dentistry.

Background: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small, naturally occurring molecules that are integral components of the innateimmune system across many organisms. In humans, saliva is rich in various AMPs that play a pivotal role in maintaining oral health by serving as the primary line of defense in the oral cavity. These peptides are essential for protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including bacteria and fungi. Recently, active research has been conducted on both naturally occurring AMPs and modified or synthetic AMPs for the treatment of oral pathogens and their application in dental materials. Methods: We compiled previous studies on AMPs present in saliva and their target oral microorganisms. Additionally, wesummarized research on artificially created AMPs targeting oral pathogens. Furthermore, we analyzed recent trends in applied studies, such as the development of oral rinses, toothpaste, and implant coatings using AMPs. Results: Through a literature review, we identified 19 studies on AMPs present in the oral cavity and 40 studies testing AMPs derivedfrom other organisms or synthetically engineered against oral pathogens. Additionally, we reviewed seven studies on the development of implant coatings and oral hygiene material additives using AMPs. These findings suggest the potential for discovering or developing AMPs with activity against specific oral pathogens that can be applied to improve oral health. Conclusion AMPs exhibit broad antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogens. Their mechanisms of action primarilyinvolve attacking and disrupting the cell membranes of target microorganisms, making them effective against various pathogens.AMPs have the potential for use as coating materials for dental implants or restorative materials that require long-term use.Further research is needed to investigate the cytotoxicity, durability, and stability of AMPs in the oral environment to support their clinical use in dentistry.

Background: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small, naturally occurring molecules that are integral components of the innateimmune system across many organisms. In humans, saliva is rich in various AMPs that play a pivotal role in maintaining oral health by serving as the primary line of defense in the oral cavity. These peptides are essential for protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including bacteria and fungi. Recently, active research has been conducted on both naturally occurring AMPs and modified or synthetic AMPs for the treatment of oral pathogens and their application in dental materials. Methods: We compiled previous studies on AMPs present in saliva and their target oral microorganisms. Additionally, wesummarized research on artificially created AMPs targeting oral pathogens. Furthermore, we analyzed recent trends in applied studies, such as the development of oral rinses, toothpaste, and implant coatings using AMPs. Results: Through a literature review, we identified 19 studies on AMPs present in the oral cavity and 40 studies testing AMPs derivedfrom other organisms or synthetically engineered against oral pathogens. Additionally, we reviewed seven studies on the development of implant coatings and oral hygiene material additives using AMPs. These findings suggest the potential for discovering or developing AMPs with activity against specific oral pathogens that can be applied to improve oral health. Conclusion AMPs exhibit broad antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogens. Their mechanisms of action primarilyinvolve attacking and disrupting the cell membranes of target microorganisms, making them effective against various pathogens.AMPs have the potential for use as coating materials for dental implants or restorative materials that require long-term use.Further research is needed to investigate the cytotoxicity, durability, and stability of AMPs in the oral environment to support their clinical use in dentistry.

Background: Recent studies have elucidated the quorum-sensing mechanisms, biofilm formation, inter-pathogen interactions,and genes related to oral pathogens. This review aims to explore the recent expansion of drug targets against oral pathogens and summarize the current research on novel antibiotic substances derived from marine organisms that target oral pathogens. Methods: A comprehensive literature review summarized the novel mechanisms pertaining to quorum-sensing signal transmission systems, biofilm formation, and metabolite exchange in oral pathogens. The amino acid sequences of the 16 proteins identified as potential drug targets were systematically classified and compared across various oral microorganisms. Results: Through a literature review, we identified nine studies researching quorum sensing signaling inhibitors targeting oral pathogens. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of 16 potential drug targets in oral microorganisms revealed significant differences between oral pathogens and beneficial oral symbiotic microorganisms. These findings imply that it is possible to design drugs that can bind more selectively to oral pathogens. Conclusion By summarizing the results of recent research on the signaling mechanisms that cause pathogenicity, new drug targets against oral pathogens were proposed. Additionally, the current status of developing new antibiotics for oral pathogens using recently developed quorum sensing inhibitors and natural products derived from marine organisms was introduced.Consequently, marine natural products can be used to develop drugs targeting new proteins in oral pathogens.

No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Fluorouracil* ; Leucovorin*

BACKGROUND: Renin-ngiotensin system (RAS) blockers have been used to delay the progression of various renal diseases, but these medications cause hyperkalemia and the elevation of serum creatinine which impede the continuation of the medications. So far, there have been no data on the changes of serum creatinine or serum potassium after withdrawal of the RAS blockers. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 60 patients who stopped the RAS blockers due to the elevation of serum creatinine or hyperkalemia between March 1995 and May 2005. They were assigned to either the elevated creatinine group or the hyperkalemia group according to the cause of the withdrawal. RESULTS: In the elevated creatinine group (n=37), the serum creatinine and GFR values at the point of withdrawal were 4.0+/-1.8 mg/dL and 18.2+/-10.4 mL/min/1.73m2, respectively. After discontinuation of the medications, a decrease in serum creatinine and an increase in GFR were noted at one month. After one month, however, serum creatinine increased continuously up to 6 months. Serum potassium levels decreased significantly after the drug withdrawal until the end of the study period. In the hyperkalemia group (n=23), the serum creatinine and serum potassium values at the point of withdrawal were 3.0+/-1.0 mg/dL and 6.4+/-0.4 mEq/L, respectively. A significant decrease in serum potassium was also noted after the withdrawal and this decrease lasted up to 6 months. But the transient decrease of serum creatinine, observed in the creatinine group, was not seen in this group. CONCLUSION: It was found that there was a beneficial effect on serum creatinine and GFR immediately after the withdrawal of RAS blockers only when they were stopped due to elevation of the serum creatinine concentration. The serum potassium levels were consistently decreased after the withdrawal of RAS blockers in both elevated creatinine and hyperkalemia groups.
Angiotensin II* ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Angiotensins* ; Creatinine* ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Medical Records ; Potassium* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*

The increased survival of patients with breast cancer has given rise to other problems associated with the complications of chemotherapy. One major complication is premature ovarian failure, an especially harmful outcome for women of reproductive age. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of GnRH agonist (GnRHa) treatment on protecting ovarian function in young breast cancer patients (30.59+/-5.1 yr) receiving chemotherapy after surgery. Twenty-two women were enrolled and given subcutaneous injections of leuprolide acetate (3.75 mg) every 4 weeks during chemotherapy. Follow-up laboratory tests (luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], and estradiol) were performed 1, 3, and 6 months after chemotherapy. Menstruation patterns and clinical symptoms were followed up for a mean duration of 35.6+/-1.7 months. FSH and LH levels were normal in all patients 6 months after completing chemotherapy (8.0+/-5.3, 4.4+/-2.7 mIU/mL, respectively). During follow-up, none of the patients complained of menopausal symptoms and 81.8% experienced recovery of menstruation. This report is the first trial of GnRHa as a treatment modality to protect ovarian function during adjuvant chemotherapy in young Korean breast cancer patients.
Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/*drug therapy/surgery ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cyclophosphamide/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Doxorubicin/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/analysis ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*agonists ; Humans ; Leuprolide/administration & dosage ; Luteinizing Hormone/analysis ; Menstruation ; Ovarian Function Tests ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/etiology/*prevention & control ; Republic of Korea ; Tamoxifen/therapeutic use ; Time Factors