No abstract available.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gangwon-do*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy* ; Spermatozoa*

No abstract available.
Clavicle* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Clavicle* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine the effect of vitrification on the survival and in vitro development of mice 1-cell zygotes. METHOD: Effects of exposure to vitrification solution and vitrification, with different concentrations of the cryoprotectant solution, were examined. The 1-cell zygotes were also subjected to a slow freezing- thawing method to compare with vitrification method. Solution composed of ethylene glycol (6.0 M, 5.0 M, 4.0 M) and sucrose (1.0 M) were used as cryopropectant. The experiments employed the method loading the embryos on electron microscope grids. RESULTS: I. The effects of exposure in vitrification solution 1-cell zygotes were non-toxic at all concentrations of the vitrification solution showing the survival rate between 88.1% and 97.5%. Development into 2-cell was more successful in the higher concentrations of the vitrification solution. Therefore, higher concentrations of the vitirification solution do not seem to cause any problems in vitrification procedure. II. The effects of vitrification method 1-cell zygotes showed the survival rate between 78.8% and 92.4%. The lowest and the highest survival rate was observed in the 6.0 M and 4.0 M vitrification solution, respectively. 2-cell development rates varied from 77.6% to 91.3%. Blastocyst development rate was shown highest in 5.0 M and the lowest in 4.0 M solution. Therefore, the highest 2-cell and blastocyst development rate was observed in 5.0 M solution. III. Comparison of vitrification and slow freezing-thawing method on 1-cell zygotes This experiment showed that 1-cell zygotes had the highest survival and development rates in 5.0 M vitrification solution. Vitrified group of 1-cell zygotes, in the 5.0 M vitrification solution, were compared with the group processed in slow freezing-thawing method. The development rate into 2-cell and blastocyst as well as the survival rate were higher in the vitrified group than in the slowly freezed group. CONCLUSION: 1. The results demonstrate that the best cryoprotectant is a 5.0 M vitrification solution for 1-cell zygotes. 2. Vitrification method significantly increases the survival rate of the 1-cell zygote and its development into 2-cell and blastocyst. Equilibration and exposure time during the vitrification was remarkerbly short in this experiment. Total time, from the exposure to vitirification solution to storage in the liquid nitrogen, was taken only 90 seconds. In contrast, the slow freezing-thawing method have taken more than four hours. Taken together, we presume that the overall time used for the procedure contributes to the results as an important parameter. 3. The loading of 1-cell zygotes on the EM grid is technically more simple and takes less time than the straw or cryo vial method.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Embryonic Structures ; Ethylene Glycol ; Group Processes ; Mice ; Nitrogen ; Sucrose ; Survival Rate ; Vitrification* ; Zygote*

No abstract available.
Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pulmonary Embolism*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Female ; Menstrual Cycle* ; Mice* ; Zygote*

Retrograde ejaculation, semen flows into the bladder because of failure of the bladder neck to close, is to uncommon cause of male infertility. Many pregnancies have been tried by artificial intrauterine insemination of the wife with the husband's sperm recovered from voided urine. Major problems that use of retrograde ejaculation specimens for artificial insemination are (1) the acidity of the urine, (2) the osmotic pressure of the urine, (3) the dilution effect caused by the urine, and (4) urine contamination of the cell suspension. We report a case of successful pregnancy using Ham's F-10 medium, which contained 10% cord in the retrograde ejaculation patient.
Ejaculation* ; Humans ; Infertility ; Infertility, Male ; Insemination ; Insemination, Artificial* ; Male ; Neck ; Osmotic Pressure ; Pregnancy ; Semen ; Spermatozoa ; Spouses* ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cumulus Cells* ; Mice* ; Zygote*

OBJECTIVE: It is known that normal follicular growth and pregnancy are possible using Follicular stimulating hormon(FSH) alone during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH) for IVF-ET. The purpose of this study was to compare and analize the results of COH for IVF-ET between a group using only FSH-HP and a group using FSH/hMG METHOD: 111 cycle of the total 280 COH for IVF-ET cycles belonged to the FSH-HP group, and the FSH/hMG group accounted for remaining 169 cycles. The amount of gonadotropin administered, the duration of hormonal therapy, the number of embryos transfered, the endometrial thickness, and the pregnancy rate were compared between the two groups and statistically analized using the t-test. p values less than 0.05 deemed statistically significant. RESULT: There were no statistical differences on the amount of gonadotropin administered, the duration of hormone therapy, number of oocytes retrieved, nor the endometrial thickness between the two groups. However,the serum E2 level was significantly lower, and the number of embryos of high quality(GradeIandII) significantly higher in the FSH-HP group. In pregnancy rate, FSH-HP group shows higher than FSH/hMG group(38.8% VS 34.2%). but the difference was not large enough to be considered statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that compared to using FSH/hMG, treatment with FSH-HP alone allowed the retrieval of more embryos of high quality, and although not statistically significant, achieved a higher pregnancy rate, thus indicating that it can be used as an effective method for COH.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gonadotropins ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate