The partial splenectomy was performed on the basis of the arterial distribution in order to reduce complications. The spleen consists of the various histologic components that have different functions. But we can not find the reports whether the distribution of red pulp, white pulp and trabecula is uniform or not according to the regions of the spleen. We used 15 spleens from Korean[male 8, female 7 and age 17-74]. The volume was measured with the mass cylinder. The 1cm3 blocks were selected in 5 different regions. Whole splenic slices by celloidin embedding were made from two spleens. The point counting method with eyepeice reticule was used for the measurement of the distribution of red pulp, white pulp and trabecula. The results were as follows : 1. The volume of the spleen was ranged 45-158ml and the individual difference was marked. The male spleen was larger than female`s [p<0.05]. 2. The ratio of red pulp, white pulp and trabecula of the paraffin embedding preparations was 83.2, 10.9, and 5.9% respectively. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the histologic components among five regions[upper, hilum, middle, outer, and lower]. 3. The distribution of red and white pulps in whole splenic slices was not uniformity. The ratio of red pulp, white pulp and trabecula in whole splenic slices was 80.1, 13.4 and 6.5% respectively. These results showed no significant difference with those of five regions of the spleen.
Collodion ; Female ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Paraffin Embedding ; Spleen* ; Splenectomy

No abstract available.
Bipolar Disorder*

PURPOSE: Transaxillary and periareolar incision in augmentation mammaplasty has risks of injury to branches of intercostal nerves that lead to sensory loss of upper inner arm and nipple. The aim of study was to compare the incidence of sensory loss between two groups according to incision method. METHODS: One hundred seventy one cases that received transaxillary or periareolar subpectoral breast augmentation at the M.D. Clinic from Jan. 2006 to Jul. 2007 were evaluated for sensory loss of upper inner arm and nipple. The cases were divided into transaxillary (118 cases, 69%) and periareolar group (53 cases, 31%). The type of sensory loss was divided into temporary and permanent. The postoperative follow-up periods were from 7 to 22 months (mean: 8.5 months). RESULTS: In cases of upper inner arm, results were as follows; temporary sensory loss in 9 cases (7.6%) and permanent in 2 cases (1.7%) in the transaxillary incision group and, temporary sensory loss in 1 case (1.9%) and no permanent sensory loss in the periareolar incision group. There is no statistical difference between the two groups for permanent sensory loss (P=0.340). In cases of nipples, results were as follows; temporary sensory loss in 26 cases (22%) and permanent sensory loss in 12 cases (10.2%) in the transaxillary incision group, and temporary sensory loss in 12 cases (10.2%) and permanent sensory loss in 3 cases (5.7%) in the periareolar incision group. There was no statistical difference between two groups (P=0.335). CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference in sensory loss of upper arm and nipple between transaxillary and periareolar approach after subpectoral augmentation mammaplasty.
Arm ; Breast ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Incidence ; Intercostal Nerves ; Mammaplasty ; Nipples

Retear patterns after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair are classified into two patterns according to retear location. Type 1 is when the retear pattern occurs directly on the tendon at the bone repair site using the suture anchor repair method. Type 2 is when the retear pattern occurs at the musculocutaneous junction with a healed footprint in patients who undergo the suture bridge method. Here, the authors report another retear pattern, which was identified as a type 2 retear on magnetic resonance imaging in patients who had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair by the suture-bridge technique. This pattern was different from the type 2 retear and occurred at the portion of the cuff away from the healed rotator cuff under the view of the arthroscope.
Arthroscopes ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Rotator Cuff* ; Suture Anchors ; Sutures ; Tendons

We report two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with prominent lymphocytic infiltration, which has been described as a subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma with good prognosis. One case showed lymphoid follicles and dense lymphocytic infiltrates within the tumor and its periphery, and the other case showed marked lymphocytic infiltration in the cancerous tissue. Piecemeal necrosis of cancer cells and atypical reactive changes were evident. The two cases were seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to hepatitis C virus, and Epstein-Barr virus DNA. One of the cases showed Clonorchis infestation. The prognostic significance of lymphocytic stroma in hepatocellular carcinoma requires further investigation.
Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*diagnosis/pathology ; Clonorchiasis/diagnosis/parasitology ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Teratoma*

The present study was performed to compare maternal and perinatal outcomes in triplet and twin pregnancies with the result of ART(Assisted Reproductive Technology). Each pregnancy of 18 triplet pregnancies with 18 weeks or more was matched for maternal age, EDC(estimated date of confinement), parity, history of preterm delivery, indication of ART with two sets of twin pregnancies. Triplet pregnancies had a significantly shorter gestational age at delivery than twin pregnancies(30.4 versus 34.6 weeks), and a significantly lower mean birth weight(1,514 versus 2,286g). The mean hospital stay was significantly longer in triplets(22.3 versus 10.1 days). The incidences of 5 min Apgar score less than 7, neonatal deaths were significantly more often in triplets than twins; 18(33.3%) vs 6(8.3%), 15(27.8%) vs 7(9.72%), respectively. There were significant differences in the incidence of neonatal complications such as respiratory distress syndrome; 14(25.9%) vs 7(9.72%), ventilatory support; 18(33.3%) vs 5(6.9%), neonatal seizure; 9(16.7%) vs 0, btween the two groups. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in maternal complications or neonatal morbidity such as congenital malformations or hyperbilirubinemia, intraventricular hemorrhage, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We suggest that counseling patient regarding the anticipated perinatal outcomes of triplet pregnancies with the result of ART should be conducted with our data.
Apgar Score ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Counseling ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Length of Stay ; Maternal Age ; Parity ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Triplet ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted* ; Seizures ; Triplets*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Stomach*

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Child* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) remodeling manifests as an increase in LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, an increase in myocardial mass, and a change in chamber geometry to a more spherical shape, and has been considered to be a consequence of heart failure, myocardial infarction or mitral regurgitation. However, less is known about change of LV geometry, especially LV sphericity, in asymptomatic population according to aging. METHODS:We investigated 261 asymptomatic subjects who volunteered for health screening and underwent transthoracic echocardiography. Those with poor echo image, significant coronary artery disease, LV dysfunction, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were excluded. LV sphericity index is defined as the ratio of the long-axis length divided by LV short-axis length, both during systole and diastole. LV mass was calculated from septal and posterior wall thickness and LV internal dimension at end-diastole and then divided by body surface area to calculate LV mass index RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 49.6+/-6.7 years and the percentage of male was 81%. LV sphericity index at diastole showed significant correlation with age (r=-0.17, p value<0.01), but LV sphericity index at systole did not. Both indices did not showed significant association with aerobic fitness, blood pressure, glucose, insulin resistance and LV function. LV mass index showed significant correlation with age (r=0.14, p value<0.05). CONCLUSION: Among the parameters of LV geometry, sphericity index showed decrease with aging in healthy population, meaning LV becoming more spherical with aging. Longitudinal follow-up study is needed to determine its usefulness as a predictor of future LV dysfunction in asymptomatic population.
Aging ; Blood Pressure ; Body Surface Area ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diastole ; Echocardiography ; Glucose ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Myocardial Infarction ; Systole