Objectives: ：Although subclinical depression symptoms are associated with suicidal idea, most research have focused on clinical depression such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia. The aim of this study is to investigate network structure of depressive symptom and to reveal which symptoms are associated with suicidal ideation. Methods: ：We used part of data from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were between 19 and 65 years of age (N=8,741). Network analysis with Isingfit model is used to reveal network structure of depressive symptoms and most central symptom and edges assessed by patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results: ：The most two central symptoms were psychomotor activity and suicidal ideation. The strongest edge was psychomotor activity-suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation also has strong association with depressive mood and worthlessness. Conclusions ：These results suggest that psychomotor activity and suicidal ideation can serve as treatment target for subclinical depression and psychomotor activity, worthlessness and depressed mood may be important factor for early intervention of suicidal ideation.

OBJECTIVES: The object of this study was to indentify characteristics of cardiovascular disease in the employed population in comparson with the non-employed group. METHODS: The study subjects were patients aged 20~65 from 3 university based hospital emergency centers and a structured questionnaire were used for comparing the characteristics of cardiovascular disease according to employment status. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between employment status and cardiovascular disease risk factors. RESULTS: Among the patients, 573 people were employed (482 males, 91 females) and 251 were non-employed (117 males, 134 females). Compared to the non-employed group, the employed group was distinctive in that it contained patients of younger age, had a male dominant gender distribution, and a higher proportion of smoking and drinking patients. The employed group was less likely to be previously-diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension, chronic renal failure, cardiovascular disease, or cerebrovascular disease. The employed group was generally more stressed out but there was no significant differences in sleeping time. Infarction was more frequent in the employed group, but hemorrhage was more frequent in the non-employed group. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis results, the odds ratio of drinking and stress was 1.89(95% CI: 1.25~2.86) and 2.68(95% CI: 1.80~3.99) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Infarction was more frequent in the employed group. Drinking and stress were also more frequent in the employed group. The results of this study don't necessarily mean that stress and drinking are more important than other risk factors but, it means stress and drinking control are more important in the employed group compared to the non-employed group.
Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Drinking ; Emergencies ; Employment ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infarction ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking

Background: and PurposeWe aimed to determine the effect of demographic factors on cortical thickness and brain glucose metabolism in healthy aging subjects. Methods: The following tests were performed on 71 subjects with normal cognition: neurological examination, 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography, and neuropsychological tests. Cortical thickness and brain metabolism were measured using vertex- and voxelwise analyses, respectively. General linear models (GLMs) were used to determine the effects of age, sex, and education on cortical thickness and brain glucose metabolism. The effects of mean lobar cortical thickness and mean lobar metabolism on neuropsychological test scores were evaluated using GLMs after controlling for age, sex, and education. The intracranial volume (ICV) was further included as a predictor or covariate for the cortical thickness analyses. Results: Age was negatively correlated with the mean cortical thickness in all lobes (frontal and parietal lobes, p=0.001; temporal and occipital lobes, p<0.001) and with the mean temporal metabolism (p=0.005). Education was not associated with cortical thickness or brain metabolism in any lobe. Male subjects had a lower mean parietal metabolism than did female subjects (p<0.001), while their mean cortical thicknesses were comparable. ICV was positively correlated with mean cortical thickness in the frontal (p=0.016), temporal (p=0.009), and occipital (p=0.007) lobes. The mean lobar cortical thickness was not associated with cognition scores, while the mean temporal metabolism was positively correlated with verbal memory test scores. Conclusions Age and sex affect cortical thickness and brain glucose metabolism in different ways. Demographic factors must therefore be considered in analyses of cortical thickness and brain metabolism.

Objectives: ：Depressive disorder and anxiety disorder frequently co-occur, even at sub-threshold level. This study aims to identify network structure of co-morbid depression and anxiety at symptom level in nonclinical population and to reveal the central symptoms and bridge symptoms of the co-morbidity. Methods: ：This study was based on 2022 Asan Youth Mental Health Screening. Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms of 810 young adult participants from community sample. Network structure of co-morbid depressive and anxiety symptoms was estimated by Isingfit model. Results: ：Depressed mood, Restlessness and Nervousness were the most central symptoms in the network. Bridge symptoms between anxiety and depression were Restlessness and Irritability. Conclusions ：This study revealed key central symptoms and bridge symptoms of co-morbid depression and anxiety in nonclinical population and provided potential insight for treatment targets to reduce co-morbidity.

Objective: This study explored the efficacy of group reminiscence therapy, incorporating traditional plays, for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia patients. Methods: We provided 10 sessions of group reminiscence therapy to 25 MCI and dementia patients. We conducted assess-ments, both before and after the program, encompassing a range of tests, namely the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Dysexecutive Questionnaire, Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-K), Dementia Care Assessment Packet-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-K), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-K). Results: Following the program, there was a significant improvement in MMSE scores for MCI patients (19.17 to 22.33, p=0.027). There was a significant improvement in NPI-K scores for dementia patients (8.05 to 3.74, p=0.006). There was a sig-nificant improvement in GDS-K scores for MCI patients (17.00 to 14.00, p=0.043). There was a significant improvement in ZBIK scores for dementia (28.53 to 17.68, p=0.001) and MCI patients (29.17 to 16.33, p=0.046). Conclusion Our study suggested that group reminiscence therapy based on traditional play might be effective in global cog-nition of MCI patients, neuropsychological symptoms of dementia patients, depression of MCI patients, and caregiver burden of all subjects.

PURPOSE: High tension electrical injuries result in major tissue(eg. bones, tendons, vessels and nerves) destruction. Therefore, the management of mutilating wrist caused by electrical injuries still represents a challenge. There are various approaches to this problem including local and regional flaps as well as pedicled distant flaps and microsurgical free tissue transfer. Although it has not gained wide acceptance, because of the technically demanding dissection of the pedicle, posterior interosseous flap is now well accepted for the reconstruction of hand and wrist in hand surgery. The principal advantages of this flap are minimal donor site morbidity, minimal vascular compromise, one stage operation. This flap also offers the advantages of ideal color match and composition. In this report, we describe our experience with the reverse posterior interosseous island flap for reconstruction of mutilating wrist with main vessel injuries. METHODS: From October, 2004 to June, 2006, we treated 11 patients with soft tissue defects and main vessel injuries on the wrist that were covered with reverse posterior interosseous island flap. RESULTS: These 11 patients were all male. The ages ranged from 27 to 67 years(mean age 41.75) and the follow-up period varied from 4 to 19 months. Complete healing of the reverse posterior interosseous island flaps were observed in 11 patients(12 flaps). The majority of these flaps showed a certain degree of venous congestion, which in a flap was treated with medical leech. 1 flap has partial necrosis owing to sustained venous congestion, requiring secondary skin graft. flap size varied from 3.5x8cm to 10x12cm(mean size 6.4x8.9m). The donor site defect was closed directly in 5 flaps, and by skin graft in 7 flaps. CONCLUSION: We found that the reverse posterior interosseous island flap is reliable and very useful for reconstruction of mutilating wrist and we recommend it as first choice in coverage of soft tissue defects in the wrist with electrical arc injuries.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Male ; Necrosis ; Skin ; Surgical Flaps ; Tendons ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Wrist*

Objective: To investigate whether there is a link between cognitive function and motor reserve (i.e., individual capacity to cope with nigrostriatal dopamine depletion) in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: A total of 163 patients with drug-naïve PD who underwent 18F-FP-CIT PET, brain MRI, and a detailed neuropsychological test were enrolled. We estimated individual motor reserve based on initial motor deficits and striatal dopamine depletion using a residual model. We performed correlation analyses between motor reserve estimates and cognitive composite scores. Diffusion connectometry analysis was performed to map the white matter fiber tracts, of which fractional anisotropy (FA) values were well correlated with motor reserve estimates. Additionally, Cox regression analysis was used to assess the effect of initial motor reserve on the risk of dementia conversion. Results: The motor reserve estimate was positively correlated with the composite score of the verbal memory function domain (γ = 0.246) and with the years of education (γ = 0.251). Connectometry analysis showed that FA values in the left fornix were positively correlated with the motor reserve estimate, while no fiber tracts were negatively correlated with the motor reserve estimate. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that higher motor reserve estimates tended to be associated with a lower risk of dementia conversion (hazard ratio, 0.781; 95% confidence interval, 0.576–1.058). Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the motor reserve estimate was well correlated with verbal memory function and with white matter integrity in the left fornix, suggesting a possible link between cognition and motor reserve in patients with PD.

On 16 April 2014, the Sewol ferry, carrying 476 people, sank in the ocean off the south coast of South Korea. Two hundred and ninety five are confirmed dead and 9 remain missing. The Korean Neuropsychiatric Association (KNPA) set up a Disaster Mental Health Committee (KDMHC) for out-reach services and to provide general strategies for promoting mental health and resilience. Mem bers of KDMHC and Volunteering Psychiatrists of the KNPA had participated in disaster mental health services organized by Gyeonggi-Ansan disaster mental health support team. Their activities were composed of psychoeducation, supportive individual and familial counseling and referring service to professional institutes. This report has described the outline of the initial and acute mental health care responses by KDMHC and volunteers among KNPA members.
Academies and Institutes ; Counseling ; Disasters* ; Korea ; Mental Health Services ; Mental Health* ; Psychiatry ; Volunteers*

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 1A (CMT1A) is the demyelinating form of CMT that is significantly associated with PMP22 duplication. Some studies have found that the disease-related disabilities of these patients are correlated with their compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), while others have suggested that they are related to the nerve conduction velocities. In the present study, we investigated the correlations between the disease-related disabilities and the electrophysiological values in a large cohort of Korean CMT1A patients. METHODS: We analyzed 167 CMT1A patients of Korean origin with PMP22 duplication using clinical and electrophysiological assessments, including the CMT neuropathy score and the functional disability scale. RESULTS: Clinical motor disabilities were significantly correlated with the CMAPs but not the motor nerve conduction velocities (MNCVs). Moreover, the observed sensory impairments matched the corresponding reductions in the sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) but not with slowing of the sensory nerve conduction velocities (SNCVs). In addition, CMAPs were strongly correlated with the disease duration but not with the age at onset. The terminal latency index did not differ between CMT1A patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: In CMT1A patients, disease-related disabilities such as muscle wasting and sensory impairment were strongly correlated with CMAPs and SNAPs but not with the MNCVs or SNCVs. Therefore, we suggest that the clinical disabilities of CMT patients are determined by the extent of axonal dysfunction.
Action Potentials ; Axons ; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Muscles ; Neural Conduction

The publisher wishes to apologize for incorrectly displaying the author (Seok Beom Gwon) name. We correct his name from Seok Beom Gwon to Seok Beom Kwon.