No abstract available.
Hypnotics and Sedatives*

No abstract available.
Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Light

The extracts of the leaf of Mimosa pudica contain tannin, flavonoids, phytosterols, alcaloids and saponins. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaf exhibit sedative and hypnotic effects , but in alcoholic extract these effects were stronger
Medicine, Traditional ; chemistry ; Hypnotics and Sedatives

Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Propofol ; Singapore

Humans ; Benzodiazepines ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Prescriptions

Parasomnias induced by hypnosedatives are rare but serious side effect. Such parasomnias have not been reported with all hypnosedatives. However, frequent use of hypnosedatives, particularly nonbenzodiazepine receptor agonists is associated with parasomnias. Associated symptoms are sleep eating, sleepwalking with object manipulation, sleep conversations, sleep driving, sleep sex and sleep shopping etc. Mechanisms include high affinity for GABAA receptor, interruption of the consolidation phase of memory formation by drug, pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic drug-drug interaction and concomitant administration with alcohol. Managements for parasomnias induced by hypnosedatives involve stopping medication, switch to other medications or nonpharmacological treatment, lowest effective dose of NBRAs (Non-Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists), taking into consideration drug-drug interactions, identification and treatment of underlying disease states.
Eating ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Memory ; Parasomnias ; Somnambulism

No abstract available.
Diazepam* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives* ; Midazolam* ; Surgery, Plastic*

BACKGROUND: Spinal anesthesia potentiates sedative drug effects. We speculated that an acute decrease in tonic afferent input by spinal anesthesia would decrease the level of consciousness and thereby increase susceptibility to sedative drugs. The experiments were approached with the assumption that the amount of sedative would reduce in the following order: first, the group without spinal anesthesia, second, the group with unilateral spinal anesthesia, and third, the group with conventional spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Patients in group 1 (n = 20) were given midazolam without spinal anesthesia and patients in group 2 (n = 20) received unilateral spinal anesthesia. Those patients who after 20 minutes had a sensory level of T9-11 and a motor block of 3 in dependent side, no sensory block, and a motor block of 0 in the non-dependent side were included. In group 3 (n = 20), patients received conventional spinal anesthesia, and those patients who after 20 minutes had a sensory level of T9-11 and a motor block of 3 were included. The amount of midazolam administered at 33microgram/kg/min to a Bispectral Index score (BIS) of 80 was measured. RESULTS: The dose of midazolam administered to a BIS of 80 was significantly lower in group 3 than in group 1 or group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of sedatives was in the following order: the group with conventional spinal anesthesia, the group with unilateral spinal anesthesia, and the group not administered spinal anesthesia.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Consciousness ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Midazolam*

Urine discoloration occurs in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to many causes such as medications, metabolic disorders, and infections. Propofol is advocated as one of the first line sedatives in the ICU, but it is not well known to the intensivists that propofol can induce urine color change. We experienced two cases of green urine after propofol infusion. Propofol should be warranted as the cause of urine discoloration during ICU stay.
Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Intensive Care Units* ; Propofol*

The average ICU patient sleeps less than two hours/day with as many as 61% reporting sleep deprivation, placing it among the most common ICU stressors. Sleep disturbances, lack of sleep and sleep disruption are common in older adults and a core risk factors for delirium. Significant reductions and fragmentation of sleep lead to an absence of restorative sleep. A significant amount of invasive care known to be a major risk contributor to the development of delirium occurs in the ICU. Nurses should be able to identify delirium risk factors earlier and contribute greatly to their prevention by promoting good sleep hygiene interventions.