Objective: To analyze the difference in blood uric acid levels between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy women of childbearing age, and to investigate the correlation between body composition and blood uric acid levels. Methods: A total of 153 eligible childbearing age patients with PCOS treated at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2018 to March 2022 were selected, and 153 healthy women with normal menstruation were selected as the control group. Fasting blood uric acid levels were measured by venous blood test, and body composition was measured by a body composition analyzer. Group comparisons were made to analyze the correlation between body composition and blood uric acid levels. Results: The incidence of hyperuricemia was higher in patients with PCOS than that in the control group [30.1% (46/153) vs 2.0% (3/153)], with a statistically significant difference (χ²=44.429, P<0.001). Blood uric acid level was also significantly higher in patients with PCOS than that in the control group [(371±98) vs (265±67) μmol/L; t=11.170, P<0.001]. Among PCOS patients, there were statistically significant differences in weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, lean body weight, fat mass/lean body weight, percent skeletal muscle, and visceral fat level between the hyperuricemia group and the normal blood uric acid group (all P<0.001), but no significant difference was observed in waist-hip ratio (P=0.348). The following body composition indicators: weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, visceral fat level, lean body weight, and fat mass/lean body weight in all subjects, the PCOS patients and the control group, were positively correlated with blood uric acid levels (all P<0.01). The blood uric acid level in PCOS obese patients was higher than that in non-obese PCOS patients, and the difference was statistically significant [(425±83) vs (336±91) μmol/L; t=6.133, P<0.001]. The blood uric acid level in central obesity PCOS patients was also higher than that in non-central obesity PCOS patients [(385±95) vs (299±79) μmol/L], the difference was statistically significant (t=4.261, P<0.001). The blood uric acid level in normal-weight obese PCOS patients was higher than that in normal-weight non-obese PCOS patients [(333±73) vs (277±54) μmol/L], and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.848, P=0.006). Blood uric acid levels in normal-weight [(315±74) vs (255±67) μmol/L], overweight [(362±102) vs (276±57) μmol/L], and obese PCOS patients [(425±83) vs (303±74) μmol/L] were all higher than those in the corresponding control groups, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.001). Conclusions: PCOS patients have a higher incidence of hyperuricemia than healthy women of childbearing age. Blood uric acid levels are closely correlated with body composition indicators, such as weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, and visceral fat level. Body composition analysis of women with PCOS could help identify potentially obese people more accurately and carry out individualized treatment, thereby reducing the risk of metabolic abnormalities.
Humans ; Female ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications* ; Uric Acid ; Hyperuricemia/complications* ; Insulin ; Body Composition/physiology* ; Obesity/complications* ; Body Mass Index

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors related to renal impairment in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) from the perspective of integrated Chinese and Western medicine. METHODS: Totally 492 patients with DKD in 8 Chinese hospitals from October 2017 to July 2019 were included. According to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging guidelines, patients were divided into a chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-3 group and a CKD 4-5 group. Clinical data were collected, and logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to different CKD stages in DKD patients. RESULTS: Demographically, male was a factor related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD (OR=3.100, P=0.002). In clinical characteristics, course of diabetes >60 months (OR=3.562, P=0.010), anemia (OR=4.176, P<0.001), hyperuricemia (OR=3.352, P<0.001), massive albuminuria (OR=4.058, P=0.002), atherosclerosis (OR=2.153, P=0.007) and blood deficiency syndrome (OR=1.945, P=0.020) were factors related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD. CONCLUSIONS Male, course of diabetes >60 months, anemia, hyperuricemia, massive proteinuria, atherosclerosis, and blood deficiency syndrome might indicate more severe degree of renal function damage in patients with DKD. (Registration No. NCT03865914).
Humans ; Male ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Hyperuricemia ; Kidney ; Proteinuria ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications*

Objective To explore the association between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level and hyper-uricemia (HUA) in the elderly patients with hypertension.Methods From March to August in 2018,9902 hypertensive patients ≥ 60 years were routinely tested for blood biochemical indicators in Wuyuan county,Jiangxi province.The patients were assigned into a HUA group and a normal uric acid group.Multivariate Logistic regression was adopted to analyze the relationship between Hcy level and the risk of HUA.Results Compared with the normal uric acid group,the HUA group showed increased incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia (99.9% vs.98.7%,P<0.001) and elevated Hcy level[16.8 (13.8-21.5) μmol/L vs.14.4 (12.3-17.7) μmol/L,P<0.001].The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for influencing factors,the risk of HUA in the patients with hyperhomocysteinemia was 2.92 times of that in the patients with a normal Hcy level.The threshold effect analysis showed that the Hcy level was positively correlated with the occurrence of HUA in the case of Hcy<20 μmol/L (OR=1.05,95%CI=1.04-1.07,P<0.001).In the case of Hcy ≥ 20 μmol/L,there was no correlation between Hcy level and HUA (OR=1.00,95%CI=0.99-1.00,P=0.055),and the likelihood ratio test showed statistically significant results (P<0.001).Conclusion The elderly with hypertension should pay attention to control the Hcy level,which will be helpful to prevent the occurrence of HUA.
Humans ; Aged ; Hyperuricemia/complications* ; Hyperhomocysteinemia/epidemiology* ; Uric Acid ; Hypertension ; Homocysteine ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia.

METHODSA total of 2 374 subjects who received health examination in our hospital from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006 were enrolled in our study. Hyperuricemia is defined as >or=7 mg/dl (in men) or >or=6.0 mg/dl (in women). Metabolic syndrome was defined using AHA/NHLBI (American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) criteria.

RESULTS(1) The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 13.10%. The condition was more common in men than in women (19.07% vs 3.42%). (2) Among men, uric acid concentration is statistically significantly positively correlated with waist circumference, blood pressure, and triglyceride. Uric acid is negatively correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Uric acid concentration is most strongly correlated with serum triglyceride (r=0.379) and waist circumference (r=0.297). Among women, statistically significant positive correlations were noted for the serum uric acid concentrations with waist circumference, triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose. Serum triglyceride (r=0.329) and waist circumference (r=0.234) are most strongly correlated with uric acid concentrations. (3) Men with hyperuricemia had a 1.634-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome as compared with those without hyperuricemia [odds ratio (OR)=1.634, P=0.000]. Women with hyperuricemia had a 1.626-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=1.626, P=0.000) as compared with those without hyperuricemia.

CONCLUSIONHyperuricemia is prevalent among Chinese population. Additionally, serum uric acid is positively associated with metabolic syndrome.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; complications ; epidemiology ; urine ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; complications ; epidemiology ; urine ; Risk Factors ; Sex Characteristics ; Uric Acid ; urine

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between compositions of hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome among residents aged > or =20 years.

METHODSA stratified cluster sampling was conducted with 7887 dwellers recruited and examinaed. Blood samples were then collected for serum detection. Available data was analyzed using SPSS 13.0.

RESULTSThe incidence rates of obesity, hypertension and hyperglycemia for hyperuricemia were 53.4% with OR = 2.568 (95% CI: 2.103-3.137), 38.8% with OR= 2.157 (95% CI: 1.856-2.508) and 21.9% with OR = 1.850 (95% CI: 1.552-2.205) respectively. Along with the increase of uric acid, body mass index changed the most followed by triglyceridemia. The change of hyperglycemia for men and cholesterol for women were not prominent. Conclusion The relationship between compositions of hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome was close, suggesting that hyperuricemia might serve as one of the compositions of metabolic syndrome and could contribute to the prevention and control of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; complications ; epidemiology ; Incidence ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; complications ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and hyperuricemia with macrovascular atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients.

METHODSNinety-seven type 2 diabetic patients were divided into two groups according to the UAER, namely group A with UAER between 20 and 200 microg/min (n=63) and group B with UAER > or = 200 microg/min (n=34); the patients were also classified into hyperuricemia group (group C, n=59) and normal blood uric acid (BUA) group (group D, n=38). The disease course, BUA, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), UAER and arteria carotis intima-media thickness (IMT) were determined in these patients. The relationship of UAER and hyperuricemia with carotid arterial IMT was analyzed statistically.

RESULTSThe levels of TG, TC, LDL and HDL showed no significant differences between the 4 groups (P>0.05). The disease course, BUA, UAER, and FBG levels and IMT in groups A and C were significantly higher than those in groups C and D (P<0.05), but no such differences were found between groups A and C or between groups B and D (P>0.05). Arotid arterial IMT was independently correlated to the disease course, BUA and UAER (r=0.201, 0.1999, 0.211, respectively, P<0.05), and a significant positive correlation was noted between BUA and UAER (r=0.221, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONMacrovascular atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients is significantly correlated to the disease course, BUA and UAER levels, which can be used to evaluate and predict macrovascular atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Albuminuria ; complications ; Atherosclerosis ; complications ; pathology ; Carotid Arteries ; pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo explore the method for establishing animal models of gouty nephropathy complicated with chronic renal failure.

METHODSSix-eight weeks old male Wistar rats were fed with 10% fodder yeast. The adenine at the daily dose of 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/kg was administrated to them by gastrogavage. The serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and uric acid (UA) were dynamically monitored. Meanwhile, the pathological changes of rat kidney were observed.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, serum BUN, Cr, and UA obviously increased in rats administered with 100 mg/kg for 7 days (P<0.05). Meanwhile, pathological changes as gouty nephropathy occurred. Along with the prolongation of the modeling time, the aforesaid biochemical indices and pathohistological changes of the kidney were more obvious. The blood Cr level just reached the chronic renal failure level on the 26th day of the administration (about the 4th week), and obviously exceeded the renal failure level on the 41st day (about the 6th week). The blood UA level increased to a higher level on the 7th day of modeling, and maintained at a higher level for a long time. It decreased rapidly from the 41st day to the 48th day. The renal pathological examination showed aggravated infiltration of lymphocytes and stromal fibrous proliferation. On the 48th day of modeling, the proliferation of the fibrous tissue and the interstitial fibrosis were obvious on the bases of the aforesaid changes. The serum BUN, Cr, and blood UA obviously increased in the rats administered with 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/kg when compared with the normal control group, reaching the level of chronic renal failure (P<0.05). These levels obviously decreased 17 days after restoring to normal fodder feeding, and approached the normal levels till the 35th day.

CONCLUSIONIdeal experimental animal models of gouty nephropathy complicated with chronic renal failure could be established in male Wistar rats by feeding with 10% fodder yeast and 100 mg/kg adenine by gastrogavage for 5 weeks.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gout ; complications ; Hyperuricemia ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; etiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Uric Acid ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes in the clinicopathological features of patients with IgA nephropathy with elevated uric acid level.

METHODSA total of 171 patients with IgA nephropathy diagnosed at biopsy were classified into 3 groups, namely normotensive group with normal level uric acid (group 1), normotensive group with elevated uric acid level (group 2), and hypertensive group with elevated uric acid level (group 3). The clinicopathological features were compared between the 3 groups.

RESULTSFrom group 1 to group 3, the disease duration became elongated, body weight increased, systolic and diastolic pressures elevated, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased, glomerular filtration rate decreased, and 24-h urine protein increased; the apolipoprotein A, high-density lipoprotein and albumin levels decreased, while apolipoprotein B100, triglyceride, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein increased. The glomerular damage, tubulointerstitial lesions and arteriole hypertrophy worsened, and Lee's grade III changes were predominant in group 1, grade III or IV in group 2 and grades III-V in group 3. Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis was the major pathological type in groups 1 and 2, as compared with focal segmental glomerulonephritis or sclerosing glomerulonephritis in group 3.

CONCLUSIONPatients with IgA nephropathy and elevated uric acid level have greater clinicopathological damage than those with normal uric acid level, and hypertension further aggravates such damages.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Creatinine ; blood ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; pathology ; Hyperuricemia ; etiology ; pathology ; Kidney ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of retinal vascular calibers with hyperuricemia in a middle-aged and elderly population.

METHODSA cross-sectional design was applied in this study and 869 participants aged =40 years from a high-risk group for diabetes were recruited. All participants received the anthropometrical measurements and laboratory tests. Retinal arteriolar and venular caliber of the participants were measured with a semi-automated system. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum uric acid level >420 μmol/L in men and >360 μmol/L in women. Linear regression models were used to assess the association of hyperuricemia with retinal vascular calibers. These models were additionally adjusted for age, central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, weekly activity, smoking status, and education.

RESULTSAmong the 869 participants, 133 (15.3%) suffered from hyperuricemia. The crude mean serum uric acid level was 312.3 μmol/L (Standard Deviation 79.5); mean concentration was 355.0 μmol/L (SD 75.5) in male participants, and 288.0 μmol/L (SD 71.1) in female participants (age-adjusted difference 58.1 μmol/L, 95% Confidence Internal 48.5, 67.6). After adjusting for additional covariates, male participants with hyperuricemia had 3.77 μm (95% CI -0.46, 8.00) smaller arteriolar caliber and 6.20 μm (95% CI 0.36, 12.04) larger venule than those without hyperuricemia; the corresponding numbers among female participants were 1.57 μm (95% CI -1.07, 4.21) for retinal arteriolar caliber and 2.28 μm (95% CI -1.72, 6.27) for retinal venular caliber.

CONCLUSIONHyperuricemia was associated with smaller retinal arteriolar caliber and larger venular caliber mainly in male participants in this study.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Vessels ; pathology ; Risk Factors ; Sex Characteristics

OBJECTIVETo explore the association of elevated serum uric acid with metabolic disorders and the risk factors of hyperuricemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHODSThe clinical and laboratory data of 159 T2DM patients aged 40-80 years with a Scr level of 51-159 µmol/L (0.6-1.8 mg/dl) were analyzed to explore the association of hyperuricemia (HUA) with metabolic disorders and identify the risk factors of HUA.

RESULTSForty out of 159 T2DM patients (25.2%) were found to have HUA. Univariate analysis showed that male gender, a body mass index ≤25 kg/m(2), hypertension, serum creatinine ≤110 µmol/L, blood urea nitrogen ≤7.0 mmol/L, microalbuminuria :11.2 mg/L, triglyceride :1.70 mmol/L, high-density lipoprotein <1.04 mmol/L, low density lipoprotein ≤3.37 mmol/L were all risk factors of HUA (P<0.05) in T2DM. Binary logistic regression analysis identified serum creatinine, body mass index and triglyceride as independent risk factors of HUA in T2DM. The main risk factors related to HUA had high incidences in T2DM. Patients with HUA had a significantly higher incidences of coronary artery disease, carotid atherosclerosis, cerebral infarction, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy than those with normal uric acid level (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSeveral risk factors contribute to the occurrence of elevated serum uric acid in T2DM, and metabolic disorders and complications are also closely associated with HUA.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; etiology ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Uric Acid ; blood