Authors evaluated the electrocardiographic criteria of Minnesota Code (III-1, III-2) for the diagnosis of left and right ventricular hypertrophy in 93 cases of healthy peoples, 74 cases of left ventricular hypertrophy and 4 cases of right ventricular hypertrophy and following results were obtained. 1. By left ventricular hypertropy criteria (III-1), there were 5.4% of false positive and 14.9% of false negative cases. 2. By right ventricular hypertrophy criteria III-2), there were 24.7% of false positive and 20.0% of false negative cases. 3. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of ventricular hypertrophy by Minnesota Code (III-1, III-2) were more reliable criteria than many other criteria of ventricular hypertrophy.
Diagnosis* ; Electrocardiography ; Hypertrophy* ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Minnesota*

A clinical study was made on 434 patients of valvular heart disease admitted to the Seoul National University Hospital during the period of November 1971-February 1978. The results were obtained as follows: 1) The number of valvular heart disease was 434 patients, which accounts for 2.6% of the total hospitalized patients during the same period. The sex incidence of valvular heart disease were female 48.6%, male 51.4%. The incidences of each valvular heart disease were mitral stenoinsufficiency 31.8%, mitral stenosis 24.2%, mitral insufficiency 21.0%, combined valvular heart disease 12.2%, aortic insufficiency 7.1%, aortic stenoinsufficiency 1.6%, pulmonic stenosis 1.4%, and aortic stenosis 0.7%, in order. 61.5% of all were in third to fifth decade in age distribution. 2) The following were found as etiological factors: rheumatic fever 36.4%, atherosclerosis 1.6%, syphilis 0.9%, and unknown and others 61.3%. 3) The main subjective symptoms were dyspnea, palpitation, cough, orthopnea, sputum, chest pain, fatigue, blood tinged sputum, dizziness, and headache. And the main objective finding were hepatomegaly, venous engorgement, edema, pulmonary congestion, thrill, ascites, splenomegaly, malar flush, and finger clubbing. 5) The disturbance of liver function were found in about 30% of valvular heart disease. 6) The abnormalities of electrocardiographic findings were observed as follows: atrial fibrillation 55.1%, ventricular premature beat 15.2%, first degree atrioventricular block 8.5%, incomplete right bundle branch block 4.1%, complete right bundle branch block 1.4%, second degree atrioventricular block 0.9%, and left bundle branch block 0.9%, in rhythm and conduction disturbance, and left ventricular hypertrophy 44%, right ventricular hypertrophy 18.2%, biventricular hypertrophy 4.6%, left atrial enlargement 19.8%, and right atrial enlargement 3.2%, in chamber enlargement.
Age Distribution ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; Ascites ; Atherosclerosis ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Atrioventricular Block ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Chest Pain ; Cough ; Dizziness ; Dyspnea ; Electrocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fatigue ; Female ; Fingers ; Headache ; Heart Valve Diseases* ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Incidence ; Liver ; Male ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Stenosis ; Pulmonary Edema ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Rheumatic Fever ; Seoul ; Splenomegaly ; Sputum ; Syphilis ; Tolnaftate

This study introduced the deep researches on the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac ultrasound as well as treatment of the left ventricular hypertrophy due to hypertension including drug therapy and non drug therapy
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Cardiomegaly ; hypertension

During a period of 5 years and 3 months, from January, 1980 to march, 1985, 42 cases of ventricular septal defects were observed to be closed spontaneously during their follow up period and were evaluated at pediatric department, hanyang University hospital. 1) Sex incidence shows female preponderance with male to female ration of 1:2. 2) The mean age when they were diagnosed as ventricular septal defect was 5.0+/-6.4 months, and that of VSD murmur last noted was 13.3+/-11.5 months. The mean age when typical VSD murmur disappeared due to spontaneous closure of the defects was 21.1+/-18.7 months. Spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defects disclosed under one year in 22 cases (52.4%). Of those 22 cases, ventricular septal defects were spontaneously closed under 6 months of age in 16 cases(38.8% of whole study population). From the whole study population 90.5%(38 cases) were spontaneously closed under the age of 5 years. 3) Major clinical and physical characteristics before spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defects were typical pansystolic murmur with maximum intensity at left lower sternal border in all cases, palpable thrill in 5 cases(12.8%), ventricular heaves in 4 cases(10.2%) and frequent respiratory infection histories in 27 cases(64.3%). 4) Electrocardiographic findings when they were initially presented as ventricular septal defects revealed normal axis in 28 cases(84.8%), left axis deviation in 3 cases(9.1%), right axis deviation in 2 cases(6.1%) as frontal QRS axis and left ventricular hypertrophy in 8 cases(24.2%), right ventricular hypertrophy in 5 cases(15.6%) and biventricular hypertrophy in 3 cases(8.7%). Other electrocardiographic abnormalities when they had ventricular septal defects were left atrial enlargement in 12 cases(36.4%) and intraventricular conduction delay in 12 cases(36.4%). After spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defects, the electrocardiographic findings revealed normal axis in 36 cases(92.3%), left axis deviation in 3 cases(7.7%) and left ventricular hypertrophy in one case(2.6%). The remaining abnormalities after spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect were intraventricular conduction delay in 14 cases(35.9%), deep SV6 in 4 cases(10.3%), tall RV6 in 5 cases(12.8%) and long QTc in 1 case(2.6%). Thirty-eight cases(97.4%) do not show ventricular hypertrophy pattern in EKG after spontaneous closure of their defects. 5) When we analyse their frontal plain chest X-ray films after spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defects, cardiomegaly(cardiothoracic ratio)55%) noted in 7 cases(17.9%) and pulmonary plethora in 5 cases(12.8%);while those before the defect were closed spontaneously were 67.6% and 64.7%, respectively. 6) Among 26 cases who underwent follow up 2 dimensional echocardiographic study so-called septal aneurysm were noted with the process of spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defects in 15 cases(57.7%) and the remaining 11 cases do not have any evidence of 'septal aneurysm' even after the completion of spontaneous closure of their defects. In the patient group with so-called 'septal aneurysm' the proportion of female sex was 60% and early systolic clicky sound were heard in 9 patients from 15 cases(60.0%), while those without 'septal aneurysm'were 55% and 18.2%, respectively.
Aneurysm ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Incidence ; Male ; Thorax ; X-Ray Film

Mass electrocardiographic (ECG) examination was performed on 13,801 children (male 7,526 and female 6,275) of elementary and middle school in Taegu from May 1. 1986. to April 30. 1987. We read their ECG according to the “pediatric Electrocardiography”1) The results were as following: The incidence of ECG abnormality was 1.05% (male 1.3% and female 0.75%). Fifty eight children (0.42%) had atrial and ventricular hypertrophy; two right atrial hypertrophy, five left atrial hypertrophy, thirty five right ventricular hypertrophy and sixteen left ventricular hypertrophy respectively. Ectopic beats occurred in 25 children (0.18%); They were atrial in 12 children, ventricular in 8 children and junctional in 5 children. There were 62 children (0.45%) of conduction disturbance; They were first degree atrioventricular (A-V) block in 21 children, type I second degree A-V block in 1 child, A-V dissociation in 1 child, right, right bundle branch block in 36 children, left bundle branch block in 1 child and WPW syndrome in 2 children. Nonspecific ST, T changes and sinus tachycardia were found in 3 and one children respectively.
Bundle-Branch Block ; Child* ; Daegu ; Electrocardiography* ; Female ; Heart Block ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Incidence ; Tachycardia, Sinus ; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

The cardiomyopathies constitute a group of diseases in which the dominant feature is direct involvement of the heart muscle itself. They are distinctive because they are not the result of pericardial, hypertensive, congenital, valvular, or ischemic diseases. Although the diagnosis of cardiomyopathy requires the exclusion of these etiological factors, the features of cardiomyopathy are often sufficiently distinctive-both clinically and hemodynamically-to allow a definitive diagnosis to be made. With increasing awareness of this condition, along with improvements in diagnostic techniques, cardiomyopathy is being recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Whether the result of improved recognition or of other factors, the incidence and prevalence of cardiomyopathy appear to be increasing. A variety of schemes have been proposed for classifying the cardiomyopathies. The most widely recognized classification is that promulgated jointly by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Society and Federation of Cardiology (ISFC). In the WHO/ISFC classification, the cardiomyopathies are classified based on their predominant pathophysiological features; other diseases that affect the myocardium that are associated with a specific cardiac disorder or are part of a generalized systemic disorder are termed specific cardiomyopathies. Three basic types of functional impairment have been described: 1) dilated (DCM, formerly called congestive), the most common form, accounting for 60 percent of all cardiomyopathies and characterized by ventricular dilatation, contractile dysfunction, and often symptoms of congestive heart failure; 2) hypertrophic (HCM), recognized by inappropriate left ventricular hypertrophy, often with asymmetrical involvement of the interventricular septum, with preserved or enhanced contractile function until late in the course; and 3) restrictive (RCM), the least common form in western countries, marked by impaired diastolic filling and in some cases with endocardial scarring of the ventricle. Two other forms of cardiomyopathy are recognized: arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and unclassified; the latter includes fibroelastosis, systolic dysfunction with minimal dilatation, and mitochondrial involvement. The distinction between the three major functional categories is not absolute, and often there is overlap; in particular, patients with HCM also have increased wall stiffness as a consequence of the myocardial hypertrophy and thus present some of the features of an RCM. Late in their course, ventricular dilation and systolic heart failure, bearing some resemblance to DCM, may occur. The aim of this review is to introduce the unusual forms of cardiomyopathy with the current literatures in this field.
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia ; Cardiology ; Cardiomyopathies* ; Cicatrix ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Heart Failure ; Heart Failure, Systolic ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Myocardium ; Prevalence ; World Health Organization

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; pathology ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; pathology ; Models, Animal ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Organ Size ; drug effects

Background: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) has been shown to be a risk factor as well as a consequence of cardiovascular diseases. The importance of an early LVH diagnosis in the community has been desmontrated by many case studies. Objectives: (1) Find out the prevalence of electrocardiographic LVH. (2) Determine the risk factors of electrocardiographic LVH. Subjects and method: 3561 people (1410 men) over 25 years old were chosen from 3 provinces/cities (Ha Noi, Thai Binh, and Nghe An). All participants underwent electrocardiogram, and the Romhilt-Estes score on standard 12-lead electrocardiogram to measure LVH. Diagnosis of LVH was made when Romhilt-Estes score >=4. Data was analyzed by Epi-Info software version 6.04 and SPSS version 13.0. Results: According to JNC 7, there were 744 people with hypertension (352 men), accounted for 21.2%. The rate of hypertension was 24.9% in men and 18.2% in women. This difference was statistically significant (p <0.001). Overall prevalence of electrocardiographic LVH was 6.71% (95% CI: 5.94 \u2013 7.58%). Prevalence was 9.00% among men (95% CI: 7.62 \u2013 10.61%) and 5.21% in women (95% CI: 4.35 \u2013 6.23%). Risk factors of electrocardiographic LVH included male, elderly, hypertension, and obesity. Conclusion: The high prevalence of LVH in the population showed the importance of detection and early treatment for LVH patients, especially in those, who had no clinical symptoms.
Left ventricular hypertrophy ; electrocardiogram

The number of people identified as having Hypertension continues to increase and most of them have left ventricular hypertrophy- an earliest complication and also being a risk factor of heart disease. In clinical practice in Cardiovascular Department- Hue Central Hospital, until now, diagnosis LVH depends on ECG so it misses many cases as having a real LVH. This is the first time, we use Echocardiography to diagnose LVH in patients with Hypertension by using LVMI. In 56 cases of hypertension we found a larger number of LVH by using LVMI than by ECG (41cases Vs 22cases- p<0,01). This is an useful method in diagnosis for LVH.
Hypertension ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular

A study on 97 male patients with the hypertension ages of 64,1 +/- 14 in hospital 171 during 1993-5/1997 has shown that the hypertension was most frequently occurred in age of 60 (81,24%). The cardiac complications and large arterial complications in hypertension were common (67,01%) the cardiac complications include the left ventricular thickness (45,36% 45 cases with the left ventricular thickness were diagnosed by laparoscopy in which 30 cases with the centric thickness, 12 cases with the incentric thickness. The sensitivity and specificity of the eletrocardiography was 21/45 and 48/52, respectively. The frequent of the left ventricular thickness increased as increased age and its progress depends on the hypertension. The relation of the disorder of lipid metabolism and artherosclerosis exacerbated the hypertension and the left-ventricular thickness. The laparoscopy is valuable method diagnosis of the left ventricular thickness.
Hypertension ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular