Child, Preschool ; Congenital Abnormalities ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Male

Juvenile hypertrophy of the breast is a rare condition, leading to hyperplastic breast anomalies in adolescents. Here, we report a case involving a 15-year-old girl, presented with asymmetric enlargement of the left breast. Pronounced parenchymal thickening was found on initial ultrasonography (US). MRI and second-look US revealed a focal mass-like lesion on the left mid-lateral breast, confirmed as juvenile hypertrophy of the breast on pathology.
Adolescent ; Breast ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pathology ; Ultrasonography

Muscle fibres are multinuclear cells, and the cytoplasmic territory where a single myonucleus controls transcriptional activity is called the myonuclear domain (MND). MND size shows flexibility during muscle hypertrophy. The MND ceiling hypothesis states that hypertrophy results in the expansion of MND size to an upper limit or MND ceiling, beyond which additional myonuclei via activation of satellite cells are required to support further growth. However, the debate about the MND ceiling hypothesis is far from settled, and various studies show conflicting results about the existence or otherwise of MND ceiling in hypertrophy. The aim of this review is to summarise the literature about the MND ceiling in various settings of hypertrophy and discuss the possible factors contributing to a discrepancy in the literature. We conclude by describing the physiological and clinical significance of the MND ceiling limit in the muscle adaptation process in various physiological and pathological conditions.
Humans ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/physiology* ; Hypertrophy/pathology* ; Muscle, Skeletal

OBJECTIVE: Identifying Atrial Ventricular Hypertrophy Electrocardiogram (AVH ECG)and diagnosing the classification of theirs automatically. METHODS: The ECG data used in this experiment was collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. CNN are combined with conventional methods and a 10 layers of one dimensional CNN are created in this experiment to extract the features of ECG signals automatically and achieve the function of classifying. ROC, sensitivity and F1-score are used here to evaluate the effects of the model. RESULTS: In the experiment of identifying AVH ECG, the AUC of test dataset is 0.991, while in the experiment of classifying AVH ECG, the maximal F1-score can reach 0.992. CONCLUSIONS The CNN model created in this experiment can achieve the auxiliary diagnosis of AVH ECG.
China ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Atria/pathology* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Neural Networks, Computer

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; pathology ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; pathology ; Models, Animal ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Organ Size ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the primary culture of mammary epithelial cells derived from human breast hypertrophy.

METHODSMammary epithelial cells of human breast hypertrophy were isolated and cultured by the collagenase digestion method. The morphology observation and identification of the cultured cells were performed by inverted microscope observation, HE staining and cytokeratin immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSMost of the cultured cells were pebbles-like or polygon under the inverted microscopy. Some had irregular form. They had typical island-like appearance during multiplication with close connection between the cells. The HE staining results showed the cytoplasm was stained pink or lilac, the nucleus was stained bluish violet and was round or oval in shape, with clearly visible chromosomes in dark blue. The cytokeratin immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the tissue-specific expression of cytokeratin 18 in epithelial cells by the cytoplasm stained claybank.

CONCLUSIONHigh purity of primary mammary epithelial cells derived from human breast hypertrophy can be obtained by the collagenase digestion method and conditioned medium.

Breast ; cytology ; pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; pathology ; Primary Cell Culture ; methods

Child, Preschool ; Facial Asymmetry ; congenital ; pathology ; Growth Disorders ; congenital ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; congenital ; Infant ; Male

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of verumontanum hypertrophy with chronic prostatitis.

METHODSFifty-two patients with chronic prostatitis underwent cystourethroscopy for comparing the size of the verumontanum before and after treatment.

RESULTSBefore treatment, all the patients showed different degrees verumontanum hypertrophy, of whom 50 were treated by conventional drug therapy, and the other 2 with voiding dysfunction by drug therapy combined with transurethral resection. Cystourethroscopy revealed significantly decreased size of the verumontanum in 44 of the patients after treatment (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPatients with chronic prostatitis often have verumontanum hypertrophy, which could be an indicator of the effect of treatment.

Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Genitalia, Male ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; etiology ; pathology ; Young Adult

Adenoid hypertrophy is a disease that mostly occurs among children of 3-5 years old. It is caused by repeated inflammation and infection of nasopharynx and its adjoin parts, or the adenoid itself, which will finally leads to pathological hyperplasia of adenoid. With so much information we have acquired about this disease, its specific mechanism remains unknown. In recent years, some researches have indicated that adenoid hypertrophy may have something to do with extra-gastroesophageal reflux, in which pepsin plays a very important role, and pepsin will do a series of pathological damages to the upper airway as it reaches the upper respiratory tract. Based on relative domestic and foreign literature, this paper attempts to make a review about the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and adenoid hypertrophy.
Adenoids ; pathology ; Child ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; complications ; Nasopharynx ; pathology ; Pepsin A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To observe and summarize the abnormal morphological appearance of nasal septum tail during adenoidectomies, and to have a preliminary study on its clinical significance. METHOD: One hundred and eighty-three children were shown with abnormality on nasal septum tail in 2892 cases with adenoid hypertrophy who received adenoidectomies in our department. RESULT: The abnormalities of nasal septum tail can be classified into two types: del tails and columnar ones. All children suffered from nasal septum tail received radiofrequency ablation and all had a good postoperative recovery. CONCLUSION The presence of these two types of nasal septum tail may be related to adenoid hypertrophy, adenoiditis, sinusitis, and some congenital malformations.
Adenoidectomy ; Adenoids ; pathology ; Catheter Ablation ; Child ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Nasal Septum ; abnormalities ; Sinusitis ; pathology