Slower growth of S. typhi in hypertonic media, reported previously by the authors, was contradictory to other workers', results which showed better growth of some species of bacteria. To evaluate furthur the effect of hypertonic sucrose on the growth of S. typhi, organisms were suspended in saline or in blood with or without sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) and stored up to 24 hours. And then viable counts were determined on tryptic soy agar (TSA) and experimental blood cultures were done in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and in TSB with 10% sucrose (TSB-H). S. typhi, suspended in blood and kept for 24 hours, were inoculated into TSB and TSB-H and after 4 hour incubation viable counts were made on TSA and on TSA with 10% sucrose (TSA-H). In this study it was found that, during the 24 hour storage, the viable counts of S. typhi suspended in saline with or without SPS were similar and those suspended in blood with SPS were incereasing. Comparison of the growth in TSB and in TSB-H did not show hyperonic media was better for the cultivation of S. thphi which was kept up to 24 hours before inoculation. On the contrary the growth was slower. Viable counts made on TSA and on TSA-H from the TSB and TSB-H, which were inoculated with S. typhi suspended in blood and incubated for 4 hours, showed similar results indicating TSB-H did not support faster growth. From the results of this experiment and of the previous clinical blood cultures, it is concluded that 0.1% SPS does not give adverse effect on S. typhi during the 24 hour storage and that hypertonic sucrose does not give better result in the cultivation of S. typhi.
Blood/microbiology* ; Culture Media ; Hypertonic Solutions ; Salmonella typhi/drug effects ; Salmonella typhi/growth & development* ; Sucrose/pharmacology*

In order to determine the tolerance ability of platelet to change of osmotic pressure in solution, the isotonic fresh platelets were exposed to a series of crystal salt solutions with osmotic pressure range from 47 to 611 mOsm for 15 minutes. Then the platelets were returned to isotonic condition and kept for 15 minutes. The expressions of phosphatidylserine and CD62p were assayed in platelets. The results showed that the phosphatidylserine and CD62p expressions were increased when the osmotic pressure of solution was below 238 mOsm, but no significant rise was detected when the platelets were exposed to 611 mOsm solution. No increases of positive rate of CD62p and phosphatidylserine were detected in platelets returned to isotonic condition. It is concluded that platelets are sensitive to hypoosmotic solution and tolerated to hyperosmotic solution. Exceeding the platelet safe volume limitation may lead to injure of platelet osmosis in crystal salt solution.
Blood Platelets ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypotonic Solutions ; pharmacology ; Isotonic Solutions ; pharmacology ; Osmotic Pressure ; P-Selectin ; biosynthesis ; Phosphatidylserines ; biosynthesis ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; pharmacology ; Sodium Chloride ; pharmacology

Effects of intracellular Na+, K+ and Cl- on Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis activated by 10 microM acetylcholine (ACh) were studied in guinea-pig antral mucous cells which are permeabilized by nystatin treatment. Ca(2+)-regulated exocytotic events were modulated by [Na+]i, [K+]i and [Cl-]i via mediation of PTX-sensitive G proteins. Increases in [Na+]i and PTX inhibit G protein (G(Na)), which suppressed the exocytosis. Increases in [K+]i caused the exchange of G proteins (from G(Na) to G(K)) to increase, and GK evoked activation of the exocytosis and was inhibited by PTX. Increases in [Cl-]i and PTX inhibit G protein (G(Cl)), which stimulates exocytotic events. Based on these observations, the exocytosis in antral mucous cells were modulated by intracellular ions, concentration of which were increased or decreased by cell volume changes caused by Ach.
Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Animal ; Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects ; Exocytosis/physiology* ; Exocytosis/drug effects ; Gastric Mucosa/metabolism ; Gastric Mucosa/cytology ; Guinea Pigs ; Hypertonic Solutions/pharmacology ; Ionophores/pharmacology ; Nystatin/pharmacology ; Pertussis Toxins/pharmacology ; Potassium/pharmacokinetics* ; Pyloric Antrum/metabolism* ; Pyloric Antrum/cytology ; Sodium Chloride/pharmacokinetics* ; Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology