No abstract available.
Biofeedback, Psychology* ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone* ; Hypertension* ; Muscle Relaxation*

Humans ; Hypertension ; psychology ; Occupations ; Social Support

OBJECTIVETo investigate the sociopsychological basis of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (HDP) and explore a new pathway for etiological study of HDP.

METHODSA prospective investigation was conducted in 1154 women in second trimester pregnancy and 9 factors were surveyed using Olson marital quality questionnaire (ENRIC). The discrepancy between the norms and factor scores of ENRIC was analyzed, and the scores of ENRIC were compared between normal gravidas and patients with HDP. The correlation between ENRIC scores and the severity of the condition was also evaluated.

RESULTSThe score of the 1124 gravidas for marital satisfaction was significantly higher than the norm (P<0.05), but the scores for relationship with relatives and sexual life were significantly lower (P<0.05). The other 6 factors had similar scores with the norms (P>0.05). Patients with HDP had significantly lower scores for 7 factors than the normal gravidas (P<0.05), but had comparable scores for financial arrangement and sexual life (P>0.05). The severity of HDP was not found to associate with variation of the scores for the 9 factors (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSMarital quality is an important social and psychological basis of HDP, and this study provides some evidence for the social and psychological investigation of the etiology of HDP.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Marriage ; psychology ; Pregnancy ; psychology ; Quality of Life ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Steroid is a critical component of immunosuppressive regimen. Unfortunately, steroid is associated with numerous adverse effects including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis, sodium retention, and avascular necrosis. These adverse effects have prompted trials of steroid withdrawal with introduction of potent immunosuppressive agents in renal transplantation. Although late steroid withdrawal raised acute rejection rate compared with early steroid withdrawal, results of recent trials that used diverse steroid withdrawal protocols suggest good short and long term graft outcomes. But, in patients survival, patients with steroid withdrawal is similar to patients administered steroid. This review summarizes usefulness according to timing of steroid withdrawal and re-exams benefits of steroid withdrawal in renal transplantation.
Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Kidney Transplantation ; Necrosis ; Osteoporosis ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Retention (Psychology) ; Sodium ; Transplants

Hypertension is closely related to salt and water retention. The kidney plays an important role in the blood pressure regulation primarily to modulating tubular sodium and water reabsorption. The regulation of the salt and water balance depends upon an array of solute and water channels in the renal tubules. An altered regulation of sodium and water channels in the kidney may be related to various pathological conditions associated with altered salt and water retention. This review will discuss renal handling of sodium and water, with particular emphasis on aquaporins and renal sodium transporters and channels.
Aquaporins ; Blood Pressure ; Handling (Psychology) ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; Retention (Psychology) ; Sodium ; Water

Despite recent advances in the prolongation of patient and graft survival, transplant patients continue to die prematurely of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease after solid organ transplantation is a serious complication caused by numerous factors, most shared with the general population and others specific to transplant recipients including immunosuppressive drugs and renal dysfunction. Among traditional risk factors in general population, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes are more common in solid organ transplant recipients. The control of risk factors is more difficult in transplant recipients than in general population. Immunosuppressive drugs are related to hypertension, dyslipidemia and posttransplant DM. Reduction of immunosuppression is helpful to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease but may increase the risk of rejection and graft loss. mTOR inhibitor has less potential risk to develop cardiovascular disease. Future development of new immunosuppressive drug with less potential risk of CV disease but same efficacy to prevent rejection and graft loss will be a promising goal to prevent CV disease. In conclusion, multidisciplinary approach that emphasizes evidence-based management of traditional risk factors and development of new immunosuppressive drugs are the best approach to reducing the risk of CV disease after solid organ transplantation.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Dyslipidemias ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Immunosuppression ; Organ Transplantation ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Risk Factors ; Transplants

Despite recent advances in the prolongation of patient and graft survival, transplant patients continue to die prematurely of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease after solid organ transplantation is a serious complication caused by numerous factors, most shared with the general population and others specific to transplant recipients including immunosuppressive drugs and renal dysfunction. Among traditional risk factors in general population, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes are more common in solid organ transplant recipients. The control of risk factors is more difficult in transplant recipients than in general population. Immunosuppressive drugs are related to hypertension, dyslipidemia and posttransplant DM. Reduction of immunosuppression is helpful to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease but may increase the risk of rejection and graft loss. mTOR inhibitor has less potential risk to develop cardiovascular disease. Future development of new immunosuppressive drug with less potential risk of CV disease but same efficacy to prevent rejection and graft loss will be a promising goal to prevent CV disease. In conclusion, multidisciplinary approach that emphasizes evidence-based management of traditional risk factors and development of new immunosuppressive drugs are the best approach to reducing the risk of CV disease after solid organ transplantation.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Dyslipidemias ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Immunosuppression ; Organ Transplantation ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Risk Factors ; Transplants

Primary aldosteronism, is defined as a group of disorders characterized by the excess of aldosteron, with suppressed rennin activity, resulting in hypertension and hypokalemia. In most cases, primary aldosteronism is sporadic due to a unilateral adrenal adenoma or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Familial hyperaldosteronism is a rare cause of primary aldosteronism and its prevalence has not been established well. We describe two cases of primary aldosteronism in a family involving a sister and brother due to an aldosterone producing adenoma in the left adrenal gland. Their hypokalemia and hypertension were cured by complete resection of the adrenal adenoma. Genetic analyses could not be done because of patients' rejection.
Adenoma ; Adrenal Glands ; Adrenocortical Adenoma ; Aldosterone ; Chymosin ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertension ; Hypokalemia ; Prevalence ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Siblings

This study was conducted to assess the effects of noise exposure and psychosocial factor on blood pressure in manufacturing workers. The study subjects are 414 workers (243 males, 171 females) employed at the noisy department. The mean age of low exposed group (<85dB) was 34.65+/-9.53 years, and that of high exposed group (> or =85dB) was 36.37+/-11.15 years. The difference in mean age wart not significant. The mean and distribution of working duration, smoking status, drinking status were not significantly different between two groups. The mean systolic blood pressure of the low exposed groups was 120.01+/-12.06 mmHg, and that of high exposed group wart 126.27+/-13.84 mmHg. The mean diastolic blood pressure of the low exposed and the high exposed group were 77.18+/-10.83 mmHg, and 83.46+/-11.22 mmHg respectively. These differences of blood pressure were statistically significant(p<0.05). The workers in noisy department have significantly less work environmental satisfaction, higher job demand, and higher social support. The mean values of psychosocial distress were higher in the workers of the noisy department, but the difference was not statistically significant. This study was to speculate whether the work environmental satisfaction and social supports modify the association between the noise exposure level and the blood pressure. The results showed that work environmental satisfaction could not modify the association between the blood pressure and the noise exposure. Social support at work did not modify the association. Furthermore, we evaluated the high job strain from a combination of high job demand and low job control at work. Compared to the low strain group, the olds ratio of the high job strain group for hypertension in diastolic blood pressure were statistically significant, but not in systolic blood pressure. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether the independent variables contributed to explaining the blood pressure. After controlling for possible confounders, we found that the noise exposure level was a correlate of the diastolic blood pressure. But no association between the noise exposure level and the systolic blood pressure. No significant result was found for psychosocial factor.
Blood Pressure* ; Drinking ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Noise* ; Psychology* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Warts

Primary aldosteronism due to unilateral adenoma is a rare cause of surgically curable hypertension. Bilateral adrenal mass has occasionally been reported in this syndrome, and bilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), or bilateral adrenal nodular hyperplasia have been demonstrated in some cases. However, another possibility is the coexistence of a unilateral APA with a contralateral benign or metastatic nonfunctioning mass, because adrenal tumors are frequently found at autopsy or incidentally detected during abdominal morphological evaluation in patients without adrenal dysfunction. A 39 year-old woman presented with hyperaldosteronism, suppressed renin levels, and bilateral adrenal mass on adrenal CT scanning. Selective adrenal venous sampling was unsuccessful in demonstrating concentration gradient of aldosterone. Postoperative measurement of hormone content in the tumor extract revealed unilateral aldosteron-producing adenoma with contralateral nonfunctioning black adenoma, Determination of hormone content in the tumor extract could be useful for the discrimination of functioning and nonfunctioning endocrine tumors, particularly in case of multiple tumors.
Adenoma* ; Adult ; Aldosterone ; Autopsy ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertension ; Renin ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed