OBJECTIVESTo analyze the diagnostic value of electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) confirmed by right-heart catheterization (RHC).

METHODSA total of 64 patients with suspected PAH [sPAP > or = 36 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) estimated by echocardiography] were enrolled in this study. All patients were examined by 12-lead ECG within half an hour before RHC.

RESULTSPAH was excluded in 26 patients and confirmed in 38 patients. ECG analysis showed that S amplitude > 0.21 mV in lead I, QRS axis > 87 degrees , R(V1) + S(V5) > 0.76 mV were good parameters for diagnosing PAH with sensibility and specificity of 89%, 81%; 86%, 92%; 84%, 83%, respectively. QRS axis was positively correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (r = 0.75, P < 0.001), R(V1) + S(V5) was positively correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (r = 0.74, P < 0.001), R(V1) + S(V5) and S amplitude in lead I was negatively correlated with cardiac index (CI) (r = -0.62, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONECG combined with echocardiography are adequate screening tools to rule out the presence of PAH. QRS axis, R(V1) + S(V5) and S amplitude in lead I were significantly correlated with hemodynamic parameters derived from RHC in PAH patients.

Adult ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

This study assessed main pulmonary artery diameter of patients with anthracofibrosis. Patients with anthracofibrosis and CT scans were evaluated after exclusion of patients with co-existing disease. We measured the diameter of the main pulmonary artery (PAD) and ascending aorta (AD) and calculated the pulmonary artery to aorta ratio (APR). The upper reference limit for comparison of PAD was 29 mm. Cut-off values for PAD and APR indicating pulmonary hypertension were 33 mm and 1. We correlated the CT parameters with echocardiographic results. Total 51 patients were included in the analysis. The mean PAD, AD, and APR were 33 mm, 38 mm, and 0.87 respectively. The PAD was larger than the upper reference limit, 29 mm (P<0.001). The PAD was >33 mm in 30 (65%) and the APR was >1 in 9 patients (18%). Of 21 patients with echocardiography, 11 (52%) were found to have pulmonary hypertension. There was no statistical difference in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension between echocardiography and CT (P=1.000). In conclusion, main pulmonary artery is dilated in patients with anthracofibrosis more than in the healthy population.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aorta, Thoracic/*radiography ; Bronchi/pathology ; Bronchoscopy ; Dilatation ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/*diagnosis/ultrasonography ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery/*radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Congenital extrahepatic portocaval shunt (CEPS) is a rare anomaly of the mesenteric vasculature in which the intestinal and splenic venous drainage bypasses the liver and drains directly into the inferior vena cava, the left hepatic vein or the left renal vein. This uncommon disease is frequently associated with other malformations and mainly affects females. Here we report a case of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with CEPS (Abernethy type 1b shunt) in a 20-yr-old man who was incidentally diagnosed during evaluation of multiple nodules of the liver. The patient was treated by inhalation of iloprost (40 microg/day) with improved condition and walking test. Physicians should note that congenital portocaval shunt may cause pulmonary hypertension.
Echocardiography, Doppler ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Iloprost/therapeutic use ; Liver/blood supply/radiography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Thoracic Arteries/ultrasonography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use ; Vena Cava, Inferior/*abnormalities/ultrasonography ; Young Adult

Pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS) is a rare and fatal disease that often mimics chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH); therefore, diagnosis of PAS is often delayed. Herein, a healthy 74-year-old man was presented with a 4-month history of dyspnea. Chest computed tomography showed wall thickening and stenosis in the main pulmonary artery as well as in both proximal pulmonary arteries. In order to differentiate between unusual CTEPH, vasculitis, and PAS, we performed right heart catheterization and pulmonary angiography. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 21 mmHg, and there was severe pulmonary artery stenosis. Thrombi on the pulmonary arterial wall lesions were observed in intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography. Furthermore, the patient had a history of deep vein thrombosis. Therefore, we diagnosed unusual CTEPH. After 6 months of rivaroxaban anticoagulation therapy, a chest X-ray revealed a left lower lobe lung mass, and a positron emission tomography later showed hypermetabolic lesions in the main pulmonary artery wall, in both pulmonary arteries walls, in the lung parenchyma, and in the bones. A biopsy of the right proximal humerus lesion revealed undifferentiated intimal sarcoma. Pulmonary sarcoma is rare, but should be considered when differentially diagnosing main pulmonary artery wall thickening and stenosis. A positron emission tomography may aid in this diagnosis.
Aged ; Angiography ; Arterial Pressure ; Biopsy ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18* ; Humans ; Humerus ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Lung ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography* ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Rivaroxaban ; Sarcoma* ; Thorax ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Ultrasonography ; Vasculitis ; Venous Thrombosis

Pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS) is a rare and fatal disease that often mimics chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH); therefore, diagnosis of PAS is often delayed. Herein, a healthy 74-year-old man was presented with a 4-month history of dyspnea. Chest computed tomography showed wall thickening and stenosis in the main pulmonary artery as well as in both proximal pulmonary arteries. In order to differentiate between unusual CTEPH, vasculitis, and PAS, we performed right heart catheterization and pulmonary angiography. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 21 mmHg, and there was severe pulmonary artery stenosis. Thrombi on the pulmonary arterial wall lesions were observed in intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography. Furthermore, the patient had a history of deep vein thrombosis. Therefore, we diagnosed unusual CTEPH. After 6 months of rivaroxaban anticoagulation therapy, a chest X-ray revealed a left lower lobe lung mass, and a positron emission tomography later showed hypermetabolic lesions in the main pulmonary artery wall, in both pulmonary arteries walls, in the lung parenchyma, and in the bones. A biopsy of the right proximal humerus lesion revealed undifferentiated intimal sarcoma. Pulmonary sarcoma is rare, but should be considered when differentially diagnosing main pulmonary artery wall thickening and stenosis. A positron emission tomography may aid in this diagnosis.
Aged ; Angiography ; Arterial Pressure ; Biopsy ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Humerus ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Lung ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography ; Pulmonary Artery ; Rivaroxaban ; Sarcoma ; Thorax ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Ultrasonography ; Vasculitis ; Venous Thrombosis

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is a condition caused by a mutation in the thyroid hormone receptor gene. It is rarely reported in individuals with no family history of RTH or in premature infants, and its clinical presentation varies. In our case, a premature infant with no family history of thyroid diseases had a thyroid stimulating hormone level of 85.0 µIU/mL and free thyroxine level of 1.64 ng/dL on a thyroid function test. The patient also presented with clinical signs of hypothyroidism, including difficulties in feeding and weight gain. The patient was treated with levothyroxine; however, only free thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels increased without a decrease in thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Taken together with thyroid gland hypertrophy observed on a previous ultrasound examination, RTH was suspected and the diagnosis was eventually made based on a genetic test. A de novo mutation in the thyroid hormone receptor β gene in the infant was found that has not been previously reported. Other symptoms included tachycardia and pulmonary hypertension, but gradual improvement in the symptoms was observed after liothyronine administration. This report describes a case involving a premature infant with RTH and a de novo mutation, with no family history of thyroid disease.
Diagnosis ; Goiter ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Hypertrophy ; Hypothyroidism ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone ; Tachycardia ; Thyroid Diseases ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta ; Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine ; Triiodothyronine ; Ultrasonography ; Weight Gain

OBJECTIVE: Immobility in stroke patients increases the risk of thromboembolism, and the pulmonary embolism following deep vein thrombosis (DVT) may lead to life-threatening state. But in Korea there has been a few studies about DVT in rehabilitation patients. So we investigated the prevalence of DVT in hemiplegic patients and the characteristics of the risk factors in these patients. METHOD: Ninety six rehabilitation inpatients with hemiplegia due to brain disease were participated and they had more than 2 scores in pretest probabilities. Muscle power and spasticity of hemiplegic lower limb were assessed. The duration of bed-ridden state and the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heart disease were evaluated and coagulation factors were also evaluated. Duplex ultrasound and venography were used for diagnosis of DVT, and perfusion scan for pulmonary embolism. RESULTS: Four patients among ninety six (4.17%) were diagnosed as DVT. In patients with DVT, the weaker muscle power and the longer bed-ridden duration were found. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of DVT in hemiplegic patients was 4.17%. The paresis of lower limb and long bed-ridden duration were suggested as risk factors of DVT in hemiplegic patients in Korea.
Blood Coagulation Factors ; Brain Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Heart Diseases ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Inpatients* ; Korea ; Lower Extremity ; Muscle Spasticity ; Paresis ; Perfusion ; Phlebography ; Prevalence ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Rehabilitation* ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Thromboembolism ; Ultrasonography ; Venous Thrombosis*