In allergic reaction activated eosinophils have been known to accumulate at the site of inflamma tion. Apoptosis of eosinophils may be involved in the inflammation resolution. In this review, we state that the apoptosis of eosinophils play a direct role in allergic reaction. Regulating the apoptosis of eosinophils can effectively alter the development of allergic inflammatory reaction.
Apoptosis ; Eosinophils ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; pathology

Eosinophils are important immune cells that contain eosinophilic particles and play a key role in allergic diseases such as asthma and helminth infections. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that eosinophils infiltrate a variety of tumor tissues, which can synthesize and secrete a large number of bioactive substances under certain circumstances, such as cytotoxic cationic proteins, cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, enzymes and so on, which may affect angiogenesis and matrix remodeling or change the tumor microenvironment, thereby affecting tumor progression. This review focused on the role of eosinophils in lung cancer and provided an outlook on the issues in clinical and basic research.
Humans ; Eosinophils/pathology* ; Lung Neoplasms ; Cytokines ; Hypersensitivity/pathology* ; Asthma/pathology* ; Tumor Microenvironment

Eosinophils are important immune cells that contain eosinophilic particles and play a key role in allergic diseases such as asthma and helminth infections. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that eosinophils infiltrate a variety of tumor tissues, which can synthesize and secrete a large number of bioactive substances under certain circumstances, such as cytotoxic cationic proteins, cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, enzymes and so on, which may affect angiogenesis and matrix remodeling or change the tumor microenvironment, thereby affecting tumor progression. This review focused on the role of eosinophils in lung cancer and provided an outlook on the issues in clinical and basic research.
Humans ; Eosinophils/pathology* ; Lung Neoplasms ; Cytokines ; Hypersensitivity/pathology* ; Asthma/pathology* ; Tumor Microenvironment

OBJECTIVE: To report on the incidence of nab-paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) in patients with prior taxane HSR. METHODS: From 2005 to 2015, all patients who received nab-paclitaxel for a gynecologic malignancy were identified. Chart abstraction included pathology, prior therapy, indication for nab-paclitaxel, dosing, response, toxicities including any HSR, and reason for discontinuation of nab-paclitaxel therapy. RESULTS: We identified 37 patients with gynecologic malignancies with a history of paclitaxel HSR who received nab-paclitaxel. Six patients (16.2%) had a prior HSR to both paclitaxel and docetaxel while the other 31 patients had not received docetaxel. No patients experienced a HSR to nab-paclitaxel. Median number of cycles of nab-paclitaxel was 6 (range 2–20). Twelve patients received weekly dosing at 60 to 100 mg/m². The remainder of patients received 135 mg/m² (n=13), 175 mg/m² (n=9), or 225 mg/m² (n=3). Thirty four patients (91.9%) received nab-paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin (n=28, 75.7%), IP cisplatin (n=1, 2.7%), carboplatin and bevacizumab (n=3, 8.1%), or carboplatin and gemcitabine (n=2, 5.4%). Reasons for discontinuing nab-paclitaxel included completion of adjuvant therapy (n=16), progressive disease (n=18), toxicity (n=1), and death (n=1). There were no grade 4 complications identified during nab-paclitaxel administration. Grade 3 complications included: neutropenia (n=9), thrombocytopenia (n=4), anemia (n=1), and neurotoxicity (n=1). CONCLUSION: Nab-paclitaxel is well-tolerated with no HSRs observed in this series of patients with prior taxane HSR. Given the important role of taxane therapy in nearly all gynecologic malignancies, administration of nab-paclitaxel should be considered prior to abandoning taxane therapy.
Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel ; Anemia ; Bevacizumab ; Carboplatin ; Cisplatin ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Incidence ; Neutropenia ; Paclitaxel ; Pathology ; Thrombocytopenia

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy is an unusual form of leukocytoclastic vasculitis occuring in children from the age 4 months to 2 years. The etiology remains unknown. Numerous studies, however, suggest acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy as an immune-mediated vasculitis in response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. We report a case of an acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy; 11-month-old boy with a history of fever for 3 days and a history of purpuric rash on the extremities, trunk, buttock and oral mucosa for 2 days.
Acute Disease ; Biopsy ; Edema/immunology/*pathology ; Exanthema/immunology/pathology ; Hemorrhage/immunology/*pathology ; Human ; Infant ; Male ; Vasculitis, Hypersensitivity/immunology/*pathology

A rare case of polyangiitis overlap syndrome is described. The patient was a 25-year-old man who had palpable purpura on his legs which showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and polyarteritis nodosa. Superior mesenteric arteriography showed microaneurysms in jejunal branches with focal segmental necrotizing arteritis of small and medium sized muscular arteries in the jejunum. Deposits of IgA and C3 in the superficial blood vessels of the lesional skin were consistent with the features of Henoch-Schonlein purpura. The patient died about two months after initial admission in spite of cytotoxic agent and steroid administration.
Adult ; Case Report ; Human ; Male ; Polyarteritis Nodosa/*complications/pathology ; Vasculitis, Hypersensitivity/*complications/pathology

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), also known as the multifactorial erythematous drug eruption, is a class of adverse reactions of the skin and mucous membranes primarily caused by drug allergy often involving the oral cavity, eyes, and external genital mucosa, generally accompanied by fever, and can be life-threatening in severe cases. In February 2022, the Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University admitted a patient with huge inflammatory hyperplasia of bilateral lingual margins secondary to SJS. Upon admission, no other obvious symptoms were observed except for tongue hyperplasia. The patient suffered from a severe adverse drug reaction caused by acetaminophen 2 months ago and was complicated by liver dysfunction and pulmonary infection. After 1 month of treatment and rehabilitation, he developed a secondary tongue mass and was subsequently admitted to Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Ward 2, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. After completing the examination, the tongue mass was surgically removed. After a follow-up of 11 months, the patient's condition was satisfactory and no temporary discomfort was observed. The case of tongue mass secondary to SJS is extremely rare. If a stomatologist encounters a similar case, we should carefully inquire about the drug allergy history and recent medication history, and be alert to whether or not they had adverse drug reactions recently.
Male ; Humans ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/drug therapy* ; Hyperplasia/pathology* ; Skin ; Drug Hypersensitivity/pathology* ; Tongue

BACKGROUND: Airway hyperresponsiveness is expressed as the provocative dose or concentration of the stimulus required to achieve bronchoconstriction, a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20 and PC20, respectively). A decrease in PC20 may be due to a steeper dose-response curve (hyperreactivity) or to a shift in the curve to the left (hypersensitivity), or both. It has been suggested that many factors, such as genetic factor, airway inflammation, epithelial damage or airway remodeling, are involved in the airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we analyzed the relationship of airway sensitivity and reactivity with bronchial inflammation and structural change in asthmatics. METHOD: The PC20 for methacholine, as the airway sensitivity parameter, and the slope between PC20 and PC40, as the airway reactivity parameter, were measured. Total cell counts and differential cell counts in BAL fluid, percentage of epithelial shedding (ES), basement membrane thickness (BMT) and depth of submucosal collagen deposition (SMC) on bronchial tissue were measured. The patients (n=27) were divided into two groups by median values of ES, BMT, or SMC (32%, 7.3 micrometer, 68 micrometer, respectively). RESULTS: The PC20 showed a significant correlation with baseline FEV1% (r=0.498, p<0.05), and was significantly lower in patients with over 32% of ES than in those with under 32% of ES (2.89+/-1.05 mg/ml vs 5.70+/-3.70 mg/ml, p<0.05). The slope was significantly steeper in patients with thicker BMT or SMC. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that airway hypersensitivity is affected by airway caliber, and airway hyperreactivity is affected by bronchial remodeling in asthma.
Airway Remodeling ; Asthma ; Basement Membrane ; Bronchoconstriction ; Cell Count ; Collagen ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; Methacholine Chloride ; Pathology*

Allergic disease is among the most common pathologies worldwide and its prevalence has constantly increased up to the present days, even if according to the most recent data it seems to be slightly slowing down. Allergic disease has not only a high rate of misdiagnosis and therapeutic inefficacy, but represents an enormous, resource-absorbing black hole in respiratory and general medicine. The aim of this paper is to summarize principal therapeutic innovations in atopic disease management befallen in the recent years in terms of personalized/precision medicine.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Diagnostic Errors ; Disease Management ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Omalizumab ; Pathology ; Precision Medicine* ; Prevalence

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic sinusitis has been closely related to bronchial asthma. Patients with both sinusitis and asthma have showed somewhat different mucosal appearance and pathology, compared to those without asthma. We investigated histopathological features of these patients. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: 19 sinusitis patients with asthma who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery from April, 1995 through September, 1997, and 53 patients without asthma who had undergone surgery from January, 1997 through July, 1997 were evaluated. We compared the following 7 parameters of sinus mucosal histopathology between the asthma and non-asthma group by reviewing histopathological slides: basement membrane thickening, goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial edema, submucous gland formation, eosinophilic infiltration, lymphocyte infiltration, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. We also compared preoperative disease extent, evaluated by degree of polyposis and OMC CT findings, and presence of allergy, which might affect the sinus mucosal pathology. RESULTS: There revealed no statistical difference between two groups on presence of allergy, preoperative polyposis, and OMC CT scores. However, the asthma group showed significant basement membrane thickening, goblet cell hyperplasia, and eosinophilic infiltration, which was statistically significant. No difference was found between subepithelial edema, submucous gland formation, lymphocyte infiltration, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. CONCLUSION: Significant histopathological features such as basement membrane thickening, goblet cell hyperplasia, and eosinophil infiltration characterized chronic sinusitis with asthma; however, there were no differences owing to the presence of allergy or the extent of preoperative disease. Adequate preoperative management, close attention during surgery and careful follow-up would be necessary.
Asthma* ; Basement Membrane ; Edema ; Eosinophils ; Goblet Cells ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hypersensitivity ; Lymphocytes ; Neutrophils ; Pathology ; Sinusitis*