Qingkailing injection, Shuanghuanglian injection, baicalin, chlorogenic acid as sample, guinea pig as control, to observe the specificity of allergic response to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection in BN rats and establish a suitable animal model to evaluate applicability of allergic response in BN rats and guinea pigs induced by TCM. BN rats were sensitized by TCM injection, the symptoms, the rate and degree of allergic response were observed, the level of histamine in serum and tissues were determined by ELISA assay, the rate and degree of pathological changes in target organs were observed by HE staining under light microscope. There were significant symptoms of allergic response can be in BN rats, the level of histamine in serum, lung and trachea tissues increased significantly and there were significant pathological changes in lungs and tracheas. Meanwhile, the similar symptoms of allergic response can be induced by penicillin and trichosanthin. The rate and degree of allergic response, the rate and degree of pathological changes was higher in BN rats than in guinea pigs. Compared with guinea pig, BN rat is probably more suitable animal model in evaluating allergic response to injection of TCM.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; chemically induced ; Injections ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred BN

This study is to observe allergic response to Qingkailing injection in BN rats and to establish a suitable animal model to evaluate allergic response induced by traditional Chinese medicine. BN rats were sensitized by Qingkailing injection, and guinea pigs were similarly sensitized as the control. The symptoms of allergic response were observed, the levels of histamine in serum and tissues were determined by ELISA assay and pathological changes in lung and trachea were observed with HE staining under light microscope. The total incidence of allergic response in BN rats was 52.78%, which was higher than that in guinea pig groups (16.67%). The total degree of allergic response in BN rats was higher than that in guinea pigs. Compared with control groups, the level of histamine in serum, lung and trachea tissues of BN rats and guinea pigs increased significantly. The release rate of histamine in BN rats was higher than that in guinea pigs. The rate and degree of pathological changes in lung and trachea tissues of BN rats were higher than that in guinea pigs. Compared with guinea pig, BN rat is probably a suitable animal model in evaluating allergic response to injection of traditional Chinese medicine.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Histamine ; blood ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; chemically induced ; Injections ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred BN

Although formaldehyde is well known to cause type 4 hypersensitivity, immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity to formaldehyde is rare. Here, we report a case of recurrent generalized urticaria after endodontic treatment using a para-formaldehyde (PFA)-containing root canal sealant and present a review of previous studies describing cases of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to formaldehyde. A 50-year-old man visited our allergy clinic for recurrent generalized urticaria several hours after endodontic treatment. Prick tests to latex, lidocaine, and formaldehyde showed negative reactions. However, swelling and redness at the prick site continued for several days. The level of formaldehyde-specific IgE was high (class 4). Thus, the patient was deemed to have experienced an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction caused by the PFA used in the root canal disinfectant. Accordingly, we suggest that physicians should pay attention to type I hypersensitivity reactions to root canal disinfectants, even if the symptoms occur several hours after exposure.
Disinfectants/*adverse effects ; Formaldehyde/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*chemically induced ; Immunoglobulin E/*immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Skin Tests ; Time Factors ; Urticaria/*chemically induced/diagnosis ; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement/*chemistry

PURPOSE: Cefaclor is widely prescribed for various infectious diseases. As its consumption increases, the number of hypersensitivity reactions to cefaclor has increased. This study aimed to evaluate the immunologic findings of immediate hypersensitivity to cefaclor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 47 patients with immediate hypersensitivity to cefaclor from Ajou University Hospital and Asan Medical Center. Serum specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 antibodies to cefaclor-human serum albumin (HSA) conjugate were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The most common phenotype was anaphylaxis (Group I, 78.7%), followed by urticaria (Group II, 21.3%). The detection of specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 to cefaclor-HSA conjugate by ELISA tended to be higher in Group I (40.5%, 41.7%, 21.6%) than in Group II (20.0%, 20.0%, 0%) with no statistical significance. Significant associations were found between specific IgE and IgG1 or IgG4 (p<0.001, p=0.019). ELISA inhibition tests showed significant inhibitions by both free cefaclor and cefaclor-HSA conjugate. For basophil activation tests in patients having no specific IgE antibody, the CD63 expression level on basophils increased with incubations of free cefaclor. CONCLUSION: The most common manifestation of immediate hypersensitivity to cefaclor was anaphylaxis, most of which was mediated by IgE; however, a non-IgE mediated direct basophil activation mechanism was suggested in a subset of anaphylaxis patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anaphylaxis/*chemically induced/immunology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects/*immunology ; Antigens, CD63 ; Basophils/metabolism ; Cefaclor/*adverse effects/immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/chemically induced/diagnosis/*immunology ; Immunoglobulin E/*blood ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Tests ; Urticaria/chemically induced/diagnosis/immunology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between atopic allergy and depression and the role of DBP in the development of depression.

METHODSBALB/c mice were randomly divided into eight groups: saline; ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized; saline+DBP (0.45 mg/kg•d); saline+DBP (45 mg/kg•d); DBP (0.45 mg/kg•d) OVA-immunized; DBP (45 mg/kg•d) OVA-immunized; saline+hydrocortisone (30 mg/kg•d); and hydrocortisone (30 mg/kg•d)-exposed OVA-immunized. Behavior (e.g. open-field, tail suspension, and forced swimming tests), viscera coefficients (brain and spleen), oxidative damage [e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH)], as well as levels of IgE and IL-4, were then analyzed.

RESULTSIn the saline and OVA groups, the degree of depression symptoms in mice increased with increasing DBP concentration. Additionally, the OVA-immunity groups were associated with more serious depressive behavior compared with the same exposure concentration in the saline group. Oxidative damage was associated with a dose-dependent increase in DBP in the different groups. IL-4 and IgE levels were associated with low-dose DBP stimulation, which changed to high-dose inhibition with increasing DBP exposure, possibly due to spleen injury seen at high DBP concentrations.

CONCLUSIONDevelopment of an atopic allergy has the potential to increase the risk of depression in mice, and it seems that DBP helps OVA to exert its effect in our present model. Moreover, the results of our study implicate a certain connection between brain oxidative stress and depression, which deserves a further exploration.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Body Weight ; Depression ; blood ; chemically induced ; immunology ; Dibutyl Phthalate ; immunology ; toxicity ; Environmental Pollutants ; immunology ; toxicity ; Hydrocortisone ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; blood ; complications ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovalbumin ; Oxidative Stress

A series of novel self-assembled polymeric micelles based on carboxymethyl chitosan bearing long chain alkyl chains (N-octyl-O, N-carboxymethyl chitosan, OCC) was synthesized. PTX loaded OCC polymeric micelles (PTX-OCC) were prepared by dialysis method. The effects of the degree of substitutions (DS) of octyl groups on the solubilizing abilities of OCC for paclitaxel were studied. The PTX-OCC were characterized using drug loading content, drug encapsulation efficiency, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Take PTX injection (PTX-INJ) as control, the safety of PTX-OCC including hemolysis, hypersensitiveness in guinea pigs and acute toxicity in mice were also evaluated. OCC showed excellent loading capacities for paclitaxel with the DS of octyl groups in the range of 37.9% - 58.6%. Drug loading contents were up to 24.9% - 34.4% with drug encapsulation efficiency 56.3% - 89.3%, which both increased with the increasing of DS of octyl groups. The mean size of PTX-OCC was 186.4 - 201.1 nm which decreased with the increasing of DS of octyl groups. The zeta potential was -47.5 to -50.9 mV, which had no obvious relation with the DS of octyl groups. The TEM images showed a spherical shape. No burst release phenomena were observed and drug cumulative release was in the range of 60% -95% in 15 days. PTX-OCC with higher DS of octyl groups showed stronger sustained releasing ability. In terms of the induction of membrane damage and hypersensitiveness, PTX-OCC was superior to PTX-INJ. The LD50 and its 95% confidence interval of PTX-OCC were 134.4 (125.0 - 144.6) mg x kg(-1), which was 2.7 fold of PTX-INJ. The present PTX-OCC could be potentially useful as safety carriers for intravenous delivery.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Chitosan ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Hemolysis ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; chemically induced ; Male ; Mice ; Micelles ; Nanoparticles ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Particle Size ; Polymers