Authors have performed patch test to evaluate the differences between the allergic contact dermatitis to topical medicaments and to the other substances including cosmetics. One hundred eighteen patients were evaluated according to age, sex, and causative agents of the disease. Furthermore, these patients were analysed as to the causative allergic contact factors by clinical inspection and history. The most common causative allergic contact factors by clinical, history and patch test were topical medicarnents(45.8%), cosmetics(24. 6%), rubbery(10.2%), and metals(8.59%.). The common etiogloic medicaments of contact dermatitis were Madecassol, Betadin, Tiger balm, Canesten, Mercurochrom, and Tego solution. The causative agents were confirmed by the patch test with Hollister-Stiers standard allergens in 57 patients from Jan. 1983 to Dec. 1984, 1 hirty eight among 57 patients were positive to patch test, Back ground possible explanation of the patch test results were discussed and a comparison was made between this report and others.
Allergens ; Clotrimazole ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed* ; Patch Tests ; Skin Diseases* ; Tigers

Allergic contact dermatitis is a prototype of delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Langerhans cells, keratinocytes and T lyrnphocytes play major roles in the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis. We observed Langerhans cells and keratinocytes in contact sensitized epidermal sheets of mice and performed mixed epidermal cell lymphocytes reaction with normal epidermal cells and contact sensitized epidermal cells to determine the lymphocyte stimulating capacity of contact sensitized epidermal cell. We obtained following results : 1. The Langerhans cells were decreased in number and morphologically damaged in contact sensitized epidermis. 2. Ia antigen expression on keratinocytes was detected in almost all contact sensitized epidermal sheets. 3. The allogeneic lymphocyte stimulating capacity of contact sensitized epidermal cells was greater than that of normal epidermal cells. 4. The allogeneic lymphocyte stimulating capacity of contact sensitized epiderrnal cells was lost after treatment of epidermal cells with anti Ia antibody and complement. From these results, it is conceivable that the contact sensitized epidermal cells can amplify the immune reactions by stimulating the lynphocytes which are infiltrated in contact sensitized epidermis.
Animals ; Complement System Proteins ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Epidermis ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Keratinocytes ; Langerhans Cells ; Lymphocytes ; Mice*

It has been reported that ingestion of raw or undercooked shiitake mushrooms is associated with various adverse food reactions. A 58-year-old man presented with pruritic and maculopapular rashes on the trunk and extremities starting 1 day after ingestion of partially uncooked shiitake mushrooms. A probable diagnosis of systemic allergic contact dermatitis was made. Raw and cooked shiitake mushroom-derived allergen extracts were prepared, and patch and intradermal tests with delayed readings were performed. The case showed positive intradermal test results with delayed readings to the raw, but not cooked, extracts. The case suggests that ingestion of uncooked shiitake mushrooms may induce systemic allergic contact dermatitis through type IV hypersensitivity reaction.
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Diagnosis ; Eating ; Exanthema ; Extremities ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Intradermal Tests ; Middle Aged ; Patch Tests ; Reading ; Shiitake Mushrooms

The patch test reaction is artificially induced allergic contact dermatitis to prove the cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis is classically regarded as a delayed hypersensitivity composed of the simple cutanous infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. Recently several authors observed new morphologic findings in allergic contact dermatitis including infiltration and piecemeal degranulation of basophils, degranulation and replication of fixed tissue mast, cells, increased vascular permeability leading to dermal and epidermal edema, microvascular alterations affecting endothelial cells and pericytes, and activation of the clotting system, with deposition of fibrin in a characeristic inravascular pattern in the reticular dermis. And they proposed new hypotbesis that the vaoactive amines released by basophils and mast cells have the crucial role in eliciting allergic contact dermatitis. We studied the effect of antihistamine on allergic contact dermatitis caused by dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB). with phenirarnine maleate,(Avil) 136.5mg/d in 15 young adult male persons. Clinically the degree of the skin reaction is decreased in 9 of 15 persons after tie ingestion of pheniramine maleate. and histopathologically the epidermal and dermal changes are ameliorated in accordance with the clinic':1 improvement. Our results indicate that the histamine also participates in the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis.
Amines ; Basophils ; Capillary Permeability ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermis ; Eating ; Edema ; Endothelial Cells ; Fibrin ; Histamine ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Male ; Mast Cells ; Patch Tests* ; Pericytes ; Pheniramine ; Skin ; Young Adult

We are reporting a rare case of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction caused by hyaluronidase allergy following a lumbar transforaminal epidural block. Using an intradermal skin test, we have provided evidence that the systemic allergic reaction resulted from hypersensitivity to hyaluronidase. To our knowledge, this is a rare case of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to epidural hyaluronidase, comprised of an initial exposure to hyaluronidase with no subsequent allergic response in prior block followed by a subsequent delayed reaction to hyaluronidase during a second epidural block.
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase* ; Hypersensitivity* ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Skin Tests

No abstract available.
Hypersensitivity, Delayed* ; Ranitidine* ; T-Lymphocytes*

Allergic contact dermatitis due to 8-MOP is a rarely known si(ie effect of this widely used drug. Other known adverse reactions due to 8-MOP such as the oallergic dermatitis as well as some isolated cases of exanthema, papular eruptions, and astloma like symptoms are also sporadically reported. A 52-year-old man with vitiligo developed erythema to the UVA exposed 0.3% Oxoralen cream applied area. Prior to this episode, the patient had history of generalized burns after systernic PUVA therapy in 1983. Even after this experience, the patient had few more episodes of erythema at the site of 0.3%. Oxoralen cream application. We performed patch test and photopatch tests with Scandinavian series, 0.3% Oxoraler or am (as is), and diluted 8-MOP, 5-MOP, TMP solution. The result showed positive reactivity to 6-methylcoumarin, 8-MOP, as well as to 0.3% Oxoralen cream. The size of erythema was same in both irradiated areas which indicates an allergic contact dermatitis rather than photoallergic dermatitis or phototoxic dermatitis.
Burns ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Dermatitis, Photoallergic ; Dermatitis, Phototoxic ; Erythema ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Methoxsalen ; Middle Aged ; Patch Tests ; PUVA Therapy ; Thymidine Monophosphate ; Vitiligo

Hyaluronic acid fillers have been proposed as an alternative to other temporary skin fillers for treating facial skin lines and providing soft tissue augmentation. There is no antigenic specificity for species or tissue; thus, these agents have a low potential for allergic or immunogenic reaction. However, there are a few reports about allergic hypersensitivity reactions to hyaluronic acid. We report here on the case of a woman who developed a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid filler, Restylane(R).
Epitopes ; Female ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Skin

This study is to elucidate the immunoregulation mechanisms of artesunate (AST) on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Pharmacodynamics analyses, HE staining, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to explore the effects of AST on the related cytokines, transcription factor and signaling molecule of ACD respectively. The results indicated that topical administration of AST not only reduced the increase of ear swelling, spleen index and inflammatory cells infiltration in ACD mice, but also inhibited remarkably the expression of IFN-gamma, T-bet and NF-kappaB p65. It's suggested that AST could exhibit suppressive effects on inflammatory response and immune function of ACD, which indicates the possibility of developing AST as a novel immunoregulatory agent in the treatment of ACD and other immune-related diseases.
Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Artemisinins ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ear ; pathology ; Female ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; drug therapy ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Molecular Structure ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Hypersensitivity to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) or its active metabolite, calcitriol, is an exceedingly rare clinical phenomenon, with only 2 previously reported cases of suspected immediate hypersensitivity. Diagnosis of delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions is inherently difficult due to the lack of any robust in vitro diagnostic assay, particularly in those patients for whom provocation testing confers an unacceptable risk. In these situations, diagnosis relies on reproducible clinical manifestations following administration of the culprit agent, resolution upon its withdrawal and exclusion of other potential differential diagnoses. Based on these criteria, we propose the first reported case of delayed hypersensitivity to cholecalciferol successfully managed with a desensitisation protocol to pure cholecalciferol.
Calcitriol ; Cholecalciferol ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; In Vitro Techniques