PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of ultrasonography (US) - guided automated gun biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 30 nonpalpable breast lesions over 0.6cm and detected on US, we performed US-guided biopsy using an 18-gauge automated biopsy gun. Two to four specimens were obtained from each lesion. We analyzed the site, size and depth of the lesions, and the length and histopathologic results of the specimens. In four lesions, surgical biopsy and gun biopsy results were compared. RESULTS: In 29 of 30 lesions (96.7%), specimens were adequate for histopathologic diagnosis, and this was as follows: one case of infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 13 of fibrocystic disease, 10 of fibrocystic disease versus fibroadenoma and one of fibroadenoma. There was also one reactive hyperplasia of LN, and one fatty one and two normal tissues, and inthese four lesions, agreement between gun and surgical biopsy results was 100%. The only complication was minor bleeding, which was controlled by compression. CONCLUSION: US-guided automated gun biopsy is a clinically useful and safe procedure for evaluating nonpalpable breast lesions detected on US.
Biopsy* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Fibroadenoma ; Hemorrhage ; Hyperplasia ; Ultrasonography

Twenty cases of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder were reviewed. Seven were benign lesions. Among them, there were 4 (20%) adenomas and 3 (15%) adenomatous hyperplasias. All of the benign lesions were less than 1 cm in diameter. Thirteen cases involved a carcinoma of the gallbladder, of which 92% were more than 1 cm in diameter, 76.9% were over 60 years of age, and 38.5% were associated with gallstones. The accuracy of the preoperative ultrasonographic diagnosis of the polypoid lesions of the gallbladder was 80%. The spread and the size of the tumor showed a close correlation. Therefore, the size of the tumor is a vital indicator for the treatment of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder; lesions between 0.6~1 cm in diameter should be followed up by ultrasonography. An operation may be considered if stones are present. Lesions bigger than 1 cm should be resected since malignancy can not be excluded.
Adenoma ; Diagnosis ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Gallbladder* ; Gallstones ; Hyperplasia ; Polyps ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The object of this study was to describe the sonographic findings of mass-forming pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of ten patients with breast sonography and five patients with mammography who had pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia presenting as a breast mass. All cases were confirmed by surgical biopsy. RESULTS: The mean age of the 10 patients was 41 years old (21 -51) and the mean mass size was 4.7 cm (2.5-10). On sonography, all lesions were oval shaped and well circumscribed, hypoechoic masses. Nine of the ten lesions presented with homogeneous internal echogenicity and one lesion with a complex heterogeneous pattern with a small internal cyst. A mammogram was performed in five patients and all lesions were oval, well circumscribed, high density masses. CONCLUSION: Sonographic findings of mass-forming pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of the breast were similar with those of other benign breast masses, so biopsy should be performed for diagnosis.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Mammography ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast is a rare, benign condition that can be mistaken as a fibroadenoma on an ultrasound examination or as a low-grade angiosarcoma on a histological examination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ultrasound features and to present biopsy methods to correctly identify PASH. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 55 women who were diagnosed with PASH of the breast. Ultrasound features were evaluated according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS; American College of Radiology). The diagnostic ability of different biopsy methods such as core needle biopsy, vacuum-assisted biopsy and excisional biopsy were analyzed with the final histopathological results of surgical specimens. RESULTS: PASH presented as a circumscribed solid mass, with hypoechoic texture with or without heterogeneity, and a parallel orientation. The features of small, internal cysts or vascular channels and no calcifications can be used to differentiate the lesions from fibroadenomas. A core needle biopsy misdiagnosed PASH in 13 cases out of 28 cases and vacuum-assisted biopsy correctly identified PASH in all 3 cases. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound features of PASH should be noted when performing a biopsy. For inconclusive cases of PASH, an excisional biopsy followed by an initial core biopsy should be performed.
Biopsy/methods ; Breast/*pathology ; Breast Diseases/*diagnosis/pathology/ultrasonography ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia/diagnosis/ultrasonography ; Retrospective Studies ; Stromal Cells/pathology/ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical features of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and investigate its diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Eleven patients with FNH treated from January 1997 to January 2007 were analyzed. The clinical findings of pathologically proven FNH were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Among the eleven patients with 18 masses, the mean age was 29.5 (11~57) and the gender ratio (male:female) was 4:7. Four patients had clinical symptoms. Six patients had a solitary mass and five had multiple masses. The mean tumor diameter was 2.73 +/- 1.82 cm. The overall rate of a correct preoperative diagnosis was 0% (0/4) by ultrasound, 36.3% (4/11) by CT and 20.0% (2/10) by MRI. Only two patients had a central stellate scar in the mass. All patients underwent hepatic resection without complication. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the combination of Dynamic CT and dual contrast MRI are important diagnostic methods for FNH. However, a definite preoperative diagnosis of FNH, without a central stellate scar, is very difficult. Surgical resection is recommended for patients with an uncertain diagnosis or clinical symptoms.
Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia* ; Humans ; Liver* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to determine clinical factors and sonographic findings associated with endometrial hyperplasia or cancer (EH+) in premenopausal and perimenopausal women. METHODS: A total of 14,340 transvaginal ultrasonography examinations of 9,888 healthy premenopausal and perimenopausal women were included in this retrospective study. One hundred sixty-two subjects underwent endometrial biopsy based on abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), sonographic endometrial abnormalities (thickened endometrium, endometrial mass, or endometrial stripe abnormality), or both. The clinical factors and sonographic endometrial abnormalities were evaluated with regard to EH+. RESULTS: Histologically verified EH+ was found in fourteen subjects (8.6%); ten cases of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) without atypia, three cases of EH with atypia (AEH), and one case of endometrial cancer. Neither clinical factors nor AUB were associated with EH+ (P=0.32) or AEH+ (P=0.72). Of sonographic findings, endometrial stripe abnormality was significantly associated with EH+ (P=0.003) and marginally associated with AEH+ (P=0.05), but a thickened endometrium was not associated with EH+ (P=0.43). CONCLUSION: Endometrial stripe abnormality is a significant factor to predict EH+ in healthy premenopausal and perimenopausal women with and without AUB. However, simple measurement of endometrial thickness has a limited role in this capacity.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Endometrial Hyperplasia* ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Endometrium ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography* ; Uterine Hemorrhage

Focal nodular hyperplasia is a benign hepatic tumor mainly composed of nodules of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells separated by fibrous septa. In general, it is difficult to differentiate focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular carcinoma on ultrasonography, conventional CT(computerized tomography), and angiography. But IV bolus CT is of particular value in the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia because it can divide enhanced CT into early and late phase and can characterize tumor vascularity and analyze any intratumoral elements. In our case, it was seen as a hypoechoic mass lesion on ultrasonograpl'hy and hyperdense mass lesion on early-phase IV bolus CF and isodense mass, lesion on late-phase IV bolus CT. On angiography, hypertrophy of the feeding artery and tumor staining were well visualized. The patient underwent operation and the mass was pathologically confirmed to a focal nodular hyperplasia. We report the first case of focal nodular hyperplasia on IV bolus CT in Korea.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Korea ; Kupffer Cells ; Liver* ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: We designed the study to compare the efficacy of digital rectal examination(DRE), serum prostate specific antigen(PSA) & transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) for the early detection of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the result of the prostate biopsies of 162 patients with abnormal hard nodule or asymmetricity on DRE, elevated serum PSA(> 4ng/ml) or hypoechoic lesion in peripheral zone on TRUS from August 1994 to June 1997. RESULTS: Of 162 patients, 26 patients(16%) had prostate cancer and 136 patients(84%) were diagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia. DRE, serum PSA and TRUS had sensitivities of 77%, 100% and 92%, respectively and positive predictive values(PPVs) of 48%, 26% and 19%, respectively. The sensitivities of high serum PSA(> 4ng/ml) with positive DRE, positive DRE with positive TRUS and high serum PSA with positive TRUS were 77%, 73% and 92%, respectively and the PPVs were 65%, 51% and 34%, respectively. In cases both DRE and TRUS were positive with high serum PSA, sensitivity and PPV were 73% and 68%, respectively CONCLUSIONS: The combination of DRE and serum PSA would be recommended as a first line examination in the diagnosis of prostate cancer regarding the sensitivity and PPV.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Digital Rectal Examination* ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: To document the radiologic characteristic findings of atypical ductal epithelial hyperplasia, we analyzed film mammographic, ultrasonographic, and MRI findings of our cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 23 cases of surgically proven ADH, excluding carcinoma in ipsilateral breast. Presence and pattern of neodensity, microcalcification, and architectural distortion were reviewed on mammography. Echo pattern and ductal parenchymal morphology were analyzed on ultrasonography, and enhancement speed and pattern analysis were performed on MRI. RESULTS: On film mammography, ADH showed tendency of neodensity(10 of 23 cases), m icrocalcification(11 of 23 cases), with less parenchymal distortion of surrounding structures(7 of 23 cases). On ultrasonography, ADH was demonstrated as inhomogenous to intermediate echoic nodule(16 of 20 cases) with ragged border(19 of 20 cases), however, its boundary was thin or nearly absent(16 of 20 cases), and showed smooth ductal echography(11 of 20 cases). Gd-DTPA contrast dynamic MR study showed relatively slow and less enhancement in 4 out of 5 cases, with progressive inclination of the speed curve of enhancement in later period of dynamic study. CONCLUSION: Multimodality image approach is needed for better evaluation of ADH, however, excisional biopsy is recommended for confirmative diagnosis and proper treatement.
Biopsy ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Hyperplasia* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammography ; Ultrasonography*

Hydatidiform moles are generally separated into two classifications. Complete hydatidiform moles are characterized by cystic swelling of all villi, often pronounced trophoblastic hyperplasia, lack of fetal parts, all 46 chromosomes of paternal origin, and a major risk for persistent trophoblastic tumor. Partial hydatidiform moles appear to be a milder version of complete moles with both normal and cystic villi, focal trophoblastic hyperplsia, a fetus or indication of previous fetal existence, 69 chromosomes with a maternal contribution, and a malignant potential less than described for complete moles. Hydatidiform mole with coexistent fetus is a very rare phenomenon, with an estimated incidence of 0.005 to 0.01 percent of all pregnancies. Due to advances in cytogenetics and ultrasonography, now permit the diagnosis of this pregnancy antenatally. However this unusual pregnancy has the risks of malignant change and severe medical complications, so it is a dilemma to decide continuation or termination of pregnancy. We experienced a case of partial hydatidiform mole with coexistent live fetus, which was diagnosed by ultrasonography at 12 gestational weeks, and confirmed normal karyotype (diploid) of the coexistent fetus. A brief reviews of related literature was done.
Classification ; Cytogenetics ; Diagnosis ; Diploidy ; Female ; Fetus* ; Hydatidiform Mole* ; Hyperplasia ; Incidence ; Karyotype ; Pregnancy ; Trophoblastic Neoplasms ; Trophoblasts ; Ultrasonography