OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) as a measure of the night eating syndrome (NES) in a sample of outpatients with schizophrenia. METHODS: The behavioral and psychological symptoms of NES were assessed with the 14-item self-report questionnaire (NEQ). Body weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Subjective estimates of depression, binge eating patterns, sleep quality and weight-related quality of life were evaluated using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), the Binge Eating Scale (BES), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Korean version of Obesity-related Quality of Life (KOQoL) Scale. RESULTS: Among 165 schizophrenic outpatients who completed the NEQ, 15 (9.1%) patients screened as having NES (total NEQ > or =25). The NEQ demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.72), and the item-total correlations (r=0.29-0.75 ; p<0.001, respectively) were acceptable, except for morning anorexia. A principal components analysis revealed five factors (nocturnal ingestions, evening hyperphagia, mood/sleep, morning anorexia, and delayed morning meal), which explained 65.7% of the total variance. Although the NEQ total score was not correlated with BMI, age at onset, duration of illness, or use of atypical antipsychotics, it was significantly correlated with total scores on the BDI, BES, PSQI and KOQoL. Test-retest reliability was also good (r=0.74, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the NEQ appears to be an efficient, valid measure of NES in outpatients with schizophrenia.
Alkanesulfonic Acids ; Anorexia ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Bulimia ; Depression ; Eating ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Outpatients ; Psychometrics ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: The identification of specific behaviors conducive to overeating or inactivity is the cornerstone of obesity management. The Committee on Nutrition of the Korean Pediatric Society developed parent and self-reporting questionnaires about eating behavior and physical activity in 2006. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the questionnaires in assessing modifiable lifestyle factors related to obesity. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for 177 children (6-11 years old) and 134 adolescents (12-16 years old) from 10 hospitals between May 2006 and January 2007 who had completed parent or self-reporting questionnaires. Cases were divided into normal and overweight groups at or above the age-gender-specific 85th percentile based on 2007 Korean national growth charts. RESULTS: Compared to children, the adolescents tended to have a significantly more sedentary lifestvle and inappropriate dietary behaviors significantly (P<.05). Overweight mothers were significantly associated with overweight children and adolescents (P<.05). Being overweight was significantly associated with a family history of adult diseases for children and adolescents (P<.05). Inappropriate eating behaviors (strong appetite, eating fast, eating until they were full, binge eating, favoring greasy foods) were associated with being overweight in children and adolescents. Sedentary activity such as TV viewing and using a computer were significantly associated with overweight in children and adolescents (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Intervention to modify obesity-related lifestyle factors is needed before adolescence. These questionnaires are useful in identifying modifiable lifestyle factors and in individual counseling for overweight children and adolescents in pediatric clinics.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Appetite ; Bulimia ; Child ; Counseling ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Growth Charts ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Life Style ; Mothers ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: In these days the metabolic syndrome threatens many people of Korea. Several studies have suggested that the dietary habits are associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to find out relations between the components of the metabolic syndrome and the dietary habits. METHODS: The subjects of this study included 1,005 non-smoking premenopausal females aged from 20 to 49 years old who visited the health promotion center of a university hospital. Dietary questionnaire was composed of dietary habits and specific food intake frequency during the past 3 months. RESULTS: The subjects who had more than one metabolic components were 361 (36%), and those who had the metabolic syndrome was 35 (3.5%). After multivariate logistic analysis adjusted with age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, and exercise, the abdominal obesity risk was significantly increased in those who had irregular meals (P for trend= 0.049), skip meals (P for trend=0.050), faster meal time (P=0.017), and intake of saturated fat more frequently (P=0.043). The abdominal obesity risk was significantly increased in those who overate or binged eating 7gt; or =3 times/week than <1 time/week {OR (95% CI), 2.49 (1.07~5.80)}, intake fruit <1 time/week than 6~7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 4.46 (1.20~16.54)}. A risk for high blood pressure was significantly increased in those who had breakfast 1~2 times/week than those had it 6~7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 1.91 (1.07~3.42)}. The risk for impaired fasting glucose was significantly increased in those had breakfast <1 time/week than those who had 6~7 times/week {OR (95% CI), 2.27 (1.20~4.28), P for trend=0.018}. CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between dietary habits and metabolic syndrome components. Among the dietary habits, irregular meals, skipping breakfast, skipping meals, fast meal time, overeating or binge eating tendency, low intake of fruits and high intake of saturated fat were associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome components.
Aged ; Breakfast ; Bulimia ; Eating ; Fasting ; Female ; Food Habits ; Fruit ; Glucose ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Meals ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Stress has been known to change dietary behaviors and food intakes in individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stress level on the frequency and the amount of snack consumption. The high stress group (HS) showed significantly higher frequency of consumption for bread, chips, cookies, ramyeon, and frozen snacks (p<0.05) compared to low stress group (LS) with higher frequency of snack consumption (p<0.01), and increased intakes of energy, carbohydrates, and sodium from snacks (p<0.01) than LS. As the stress level became higher, the proportions of students with irregular meals, overeating, and night snacking increased (p<0.01). Also, 33.0% of the subjects answered that they consumed an increased amount of snacks when they were feeling stressed. Our results indicated that stress has negative influence on snack consumption in middle school girls.
Bread ; Carbohydrates ; Female* ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Meals ; Snacks* ; Sodium

Transverse ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Hyperphagia ; Case Report

This study investigated the association between the weight status of middle school students and the various weightrelated characteristics including desired weight, weight perception, weight-related practice, physical activity, and overeating behavior. Questionnaires were administered to 473 middle school students (178 boys and 295 girls) in Daejeon. Boys and girls were divided into three groups respectively; (1) underweight (BMI < 5th percentile) (2)normal weight (5th percentile < or = BMI < 85th percentile) (3) overweight (BMI > or = 85th percentile). Using BMI calculated from measured height and weight, 14.0% of boys and 6.8% of girls were underweight, and 16.3% of boys and 14.2% of girls were overweight. However, among this sample of students, 38.4% of boys and 13.6% of girls perceived themselves as underweight and 29.4% of boys and 44.9% of girls perceived themselves as overweight. We found that overweight students reported their body weights lower and their heights higher compared to nonoverweight students, resulting in an underestimation of BMI. Based on desired BMI, 79.9% of the girls desired to be underweight and 73.0% of the boys desired to be normal weight. Overweight or normal weight students were less satisfied with their body weights than underweight students. Girls had more weight control experience and concern compared to boys. Overweight girls spent longer times in watching TV compared to non-overweight girls (p < 0.001) and had more overeating behaviors (p < 0.05). Overweight students reported that they ate snacks less frequently than non-overweight students, which may be due to their tendency to report less eating. In conclusion, significant gender differences and weight status differences existed in weight perception, weight satisfaction, and weight control experience and concern. Because perception of overweight is likely to lead to unhealthy eating behaviors and weight control, efforts for adolescents to improve accuracy of weight perceptions and to understand the benefits of being healthier are needed.
Adolescent ; Body Weight ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Motor Activity ; Overweight ; Snacks ; Thinness ; Weight Perception

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate eating habits and the frequency of trigger-food consumption in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to examine the associations of these variables with IBS symptom severity. METHODS: We included 145 ROME III-positive IBS patients (mean age 31.2 years, 73.8% of female). Subjects completed an eating-habits and food- consumption questionnaire, IBS-Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS) and Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) for psychological distress. RESULTS: Subjects with unhealthy eating-habits such as irregular meal times, frequently eating out and overeating tended to show higher IBS symptom severity. The severity of IBS symptoms related to the frequency of the consumption of trigger foods. Subjects who ate trigger-foods (i.e., tofu, beans, almonds, and peanuts) less frequently showed higher IBS symptom severity (p=.045, .042, .016, and .019, respectively). However, subjects who ate spicy foods, instant foods, and noodles more frequently experienced more severe IBS symptoms (p=.018, .011, and .023 respectively). CONCLUSION: This study showed that IBS symptom severity was related to meal intake patterns and frequency of trigger food consumption. These findings could provide a basis for developing an intervention program for IBS patients.
Eating* ; Fabaceae ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome* ; Meals ; Prunus dulcis ; Soy Foods

OBJECTIVES: In this study I made investigations how ‘strange hunger’ and ‘compulsive overeating’ threatening the ego could be resolved and healed. And I aim to present a healing model of psychotherapy and analysis as one of methods of treatment for ‘eating disorder’. METHODS: The analysands of this study were outpatients who visited the department of psychiatry of Yong-In Mental Hospital from March 2008 to February 2017 with ‘hunger’ and ‘compulsive overeating’ as their chief complaints. This study is based on the detailed records of the process of analysis including dreams and visions. RESULTS: 1) Throughout the process of analysis that explore both consciousness and unconsciousness(dream, vision), hunger and compulsive overeating is improved and healed in all analysands. 2) The Imago of ‘Snake’ appeared in dreams and visions of all analysands. 3) By suffering impulse rather than acting it out, impulse transformes itself into ‘Imago’. As impulse transforms into ‘Imago’ and reveals the ‘meaning’ of it, ego-threatening power of impulse weakens and mood is calmed. And as a result, synthesis of consciousness and unconsciousness and creative transformation of personality can be possible. CONCLUSIONS: In some people, ‘hunger’ and ‘compulsive overeating’ are ‘creative impulses’ that aim ‘Self-realization’ which can be fruited as creative transformation of personality and as creative transformation in the relation with the world. ‘Creative impulses’, which often can be experienced as instinctive impulse or emotional suffering unless ego realizes the meaning, reveal the meaning in dreams or visions through ‘Imago’ and ‘Symbol’.
Consciousness ; Dreams ; Ego ; Fruit ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Hunger ; Hyperphagia ; Instinct ; Outpatients ; Psychotherapy ; Unconsciousness

The purpose of this study was to find the proper methods of school food service conducted from June 20th July 30th in 1996. The subjects of this study were 587 parents of students, 794 students and 359 school teachers at 508 middle and high schools in Seoul and Kyunggi area. And the result was as follow. A total of 48.3% of respondent answered they had breakfast regularly. The reasons why they had breakfast, were habits(34.4%) followed by hunger(28.2%), health(19.9%), parent's persuasion(17.5%). They reasons why they didn't have breakfast are, lacks of time(68.8%) followed by absence of appetite(20.5%), diet(4.5%). About the question the problem of eating habits the most of parents of students, chose an unbalanced diet(25.9%), followed by overeating of snacks(21.7%), voracious eating(18.0%), not eating meals(17.5%), eating little(10%) and overeating(6.8%). At the research of an unbalanced diet, the 63.3% of respondents said they eat evenly while the 36.7% said they had an unbalanced diet. From the research of correlativity between food service at elementary schools and eating habits, we knew that the experience of school food service had an effect on an unbalanced diet. And the students living in Seoul complained more than in Kyunggi. The question about the quality of food, 69.0% of respondents said they were not so bad. While 21.2% said not delicious at all just 9.8% of students said they were very satisfied with the taste. Interestingly, more middle school students both in Kyunggi and Seoul answered the food was delicious than high school students. About the question of the price, 49.5% of students thought appropriate(49.5%) while 44.3% said it was too high. Just 5.9% students answered cheap(5.9%). And students living in Kyunggi thought the price was high than students in Seoul. 62.9% of respondents think their refectories were clean while 22.8% think not clean. And 14.3% answered said dirty. Snack bars at school were managed by the contract with trusters(63.2%), while by the school itself(32.6%).
Breakfast ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Diet ; Eating ; Food Services ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Parents ; Seoul* ; Snacks

Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by such as infantile hypotonia, mental retardation hyperphagia with obesity and hypogonadism. We experienced one case of so called Prader-Willi syndrome associated with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, hypomentia, hyperphagia with obesity and cryptochism. Testicular biopsy revealed predominant Sertoli cells, decreased spermatogonia and edematous stromal tissue.
Biopsy ; Hyperphagia ; Hypogonadism ; Intellectual Disability ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Obesity ; Prader-Willi Syndrome* ; Sertoli Cells ; Spermatogonia