No abstract available.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary* ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperoxaluria, Primary* ; Infant* ; Male*

Adult ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria, Primary ; enzymology ; genetics ; Male ; Transaminases ; deficiency

A 49-year-old woman visited the clinic because of acute hepatitis and acute kidney injury with decreased urine output presenting microscopic hematuria and proteinuria. An abdominal computed tomography revealed a localized, hypoattenuated lesion in a hepatic lateral segment, and kidney biopsy showed oxalate crystal deposition with tubular necrosis. In addition, the patient's 24-hour urinary excretion of oxalate was increased. Her kidney and liver injury improved after sessions of hemodialysis, and urinary oxalate excretion was normalized. Major mutations in primary hyperoxaluria have not been proven. A full sequencing of target genes may be helpful to diagnose a rare form of primary hyperoxaluria.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Biopsy ; Female ; Hematuria ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria* ; Hyperoxaluria, Primary ; Kidney* ; Liver* ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Proteinuria ; Renal Dialysis

Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease which results from endogenous overproduction of oxalic acid. It causes variant phenotypes from renal failure in infancy to mere urolithiasis in late adulthood. We report a case of primary hyperoxaluria in a 11-year-old boy. He presented with recurrent multiple renal stones since 3 years of age. He had renal failure and markedly increased hyperoxaluria (568.26 microgram/mg of creatinine (normal: 0.04-0.15)) and his stones consisted of a mixture of calcium oxalate (30%) and calcium phosphate (10%) in contrast to pure calcium oxalate monohydrate in the other primary hyperoxaluria type 1 patients. A renal biopsy showed interstitial cellular infiltration with crystals which are birefringent under polarized light within the tubules. His general conditions were improved after hemodialysis treatment. For definite cure of disease, combined liver-kidney transplantation is considered.
Biopsy ; Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Child ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria ; Hyperoxaluria, Primary* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; Nephrolithiasis ; Oxalic Acid ; Phenotype ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Urolithiasis

PURPOSE: The metabolic parameters were compared with the 1st episode calcium oxalate urolithiasis in 3 age groups and according to gender. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 167 patients (114 male and 53 female) with their 1st episode calcium oxalate urolithiasis, including 21 patients aged <30 years (group A), 99 aged 30-59 years (group B) and 47 aged 60 years (group C), were investigated by metabolic evaluation. The items of metabolic change evaluated were the low 24-hour urine volume (<1,500cc), hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria and hypocitraturia. RESULTS: A low 24-hour urine volume was more common in group A (46.6%) than groups B (24.2%) or C (23.4%). Hypercalciuria was more common in group B (16.2%, p<0.05) than groups A (0%) or C (2.1%). There were 14.3% hyperoxaluric patients in group A and 34.3% in group B, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Of the 167 patients, 101 had hypocitraturia, but seemed to show no statistically significant difference between the groups. Hyperuricosuria was more common in group A (33.3%) than groups B (11.1) or C (2.1%). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with 1st episode calcium oxalate urolithiasis, hypocitraturia is the most common risk factor, regardless of age or gender. Hypercalciuria was more common in group B (age 30-59) than the other age groups, while low urine output and hyperuricosuria were more common in group A (age<30). Considering the significant differences in the various risk factors between the different age groups, the specific prevention and treatment of certain risk factors for calculus formations according to age and gender seem necessary.
Calcium Oxalate ; Calculi ; Citric Acid ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; Hyperoxaluria ; Male ; Risk Factors* ; Urolithiasis*

We report on a patient with bilateral multiple renal stones after resection of the small intestine for the idiopathic necrotizing enteritis. She had no history of renal stone. Gross hematuria occurred 1 year after the operation and bilateral renal and ureteral stones with bilateral hydronephrosis were found. History and laboratory findings (low serum and 24 hour urine calcium levels) were suggestive of renal stones by hyperoxaluria. She was managed by oral hydration, low oxalate and low fat diet, urine alkalization with sodium bicarbonate and calcium supplement. Until now, there is no evidence of new stone formation and enlargement of stones.
Calcium ; Diet ; Enteritis ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Hyperoxaluria ; Intestine, Small* ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; Ureter

We experienced a case of acute renal failure by oxalate poisoning in a 44-year-old Korean woman. She presented with hematemesis and epigastric pain after drinking of oxalate in a suicidal attempt. After admission, acute renal failure was developed and the patient was treated with hemodialysis. On renal biopsy, there were numerous calcium oxalate crystals which appeared clearly in Hematoxylin-eosin stained sections and were refractile under polarized light microscope. We report a case of acute renal failure by oxalate poisoning with review of the literature.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Calcium Oxalate ; Drinking ; Female ; Hematemesis ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria ; Poisoning* ; Renal Dialysis

PURPOSE: Hypocitraturia is cited as one of the risk factors promoting stone formation or recurrence of nephrolithiasis. We estimated the relationship between hypocitraturia and other metabolic abnormalities, such as hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria and hyperoxaluria. The effects of potassium citrate medication were also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected 706 renal stone patients with hypocitraturia (<320mg/day), who had received extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment, and examined the relationship between hypocitraturia and other metabolic abnormalities according to sex and age. We also examined the increment effect of urinary citrate and stone-free rate following potassium citrate (Urocitra(R)) medication. RESULTS: Complicated hypocitraturia (coexistence with other metabolic abnormalities) was found in 332 of the 706 patients (47.0%). Of the 706 patients, 242 (34.3%), 112 (15.9%) and 33 (4.7%) had hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria and hypercalciuria, respectively. Complicated hypocitraturia was higher in the male than female subjects, and was statistically significant (50.4% vs. 39.8%). In 287 (77%) of the 373 patients who received potassium citrate treatment, the urinary citrate level was increased. The mean urinary citrate level was significantly increased (142.5 vs. 336.2 mg/day) (p<0.01), but the stone free rate was not following the citrate treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Potassium citrate was effective in increasing the urinary citrate level. However, prophylactic effects of potassium citrate against recurrent nephrolithiasis must be proved by appropriate comparative studies.
Citric Acid ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; Hyperoxaluria ; Lithotripsy ; Male ; Nephrolithiasis* ; Potassium Citrate ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Shock

A study was done on 200 patients with a diagnosis of calcium oxalate stone and 50 cases of control group to evaluate the chemical relationships between stone formation and a 24-hour excretion or calcium. oxalate, uric acid and citrate. This study was also evaluated by comparing urinary concentrations and total daily output of the above metabolites. Among the 200 patients metabolic disorders included hypercalciuria in 34 (17.0%), hyperoxaluria in 8 (4.0%), hyperuricosuria in 43 (21.5%) and hypocitraturia in 128 (64.0%). The total output of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, citrate were significantly different (p<0.01) and also showed significant differences in the those concentrations between these two groups. Therefore, it is confirmed that the concentration of stone metabolite is also a influential factor of the stone formation as like as total daily output.
Calcium Oxalate* ; Calcium* ; Citric Acid ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; Hyperoxaluria ; Uric Acid ; Urolithiasis*