Phytoestrogens are bioactive substances existing in natural plants. They have similar molecular structure to those of estrogens. In this article we introduced their classification and sources, and elucidated their effects on heart from aspects involving cardiac function and myocardial electrophysiology. By regulating serum lipid metabolism, arterial vessels, cytokine levels, and coagulation/fibrinolysis system, phytoestrogens possess the effects of anti-atherosclerosis and may be used to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.
Arteriosclerosis ; prevention & control ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; prevention & control ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Phytoestrogens ; pharmacology ; Phytotherapy

Over the last two decades, significant research attention has been given to the acute effect of a single bout of exercise on postprandial lipaemia. A large body of evidence supports the notion that an acute bout of aerobic exercise can reduce postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations. However, this effect is short-lived emphasising the important role of regular physical activity for lowering TAG concentrations through an active lifestyle. In 1995, the concept of accumulating physical activity was introduced in expert recommendations with the advice that activity can be performed in several short bouts throughout the day with a minimum duration of 10 minutes per activity bout. Although the concept of accumulation has been widely publicised, there is still limited scientific evidence to support it but several studies have investigated the effects of accumulated activity on health-related outcomes to support the recommendations in physical activity guidelines. One area, which is the focus of this review, is the effect of accumulating exercise on postprandial lipaemia. We propose that accumulating exercise will provide additional physical activity options for lowering postprandial TAG concentrations relevant to individuals with limited time or exercise capacity to engage in more structured forms of exercise, or longer bouts of physical activity. The benefits of accumulated physical activity might translate to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in the long-term.
*Exercise ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control ; Lipid Metabolism ; Postprandial Period ; Triglycerides/blood

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the relationship between blood pressure, lipids and body mass index by smoking status among adolescents. METHODS: This study was designed as a descriptive correlational study. General and smoking characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. The smoking group consisted of 42 (33%) students and the non smoking group 85 (67%) students. Blood pressure, lipids, height and weight were measured, and body mass index was calculated to kg/m2. The collected data was analyzed by the n(%), chi-square-test, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient (SPSS 12.0). RESULTS: 1. The smoking level was different between grade, smoking status among the family, the contentment of their relationship with their parents, school life and teachers. 2. The smoking group's systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and body mass index were higher than those of the non smoking group. 3. The smoking amount had a significant positive correlation between total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSION: The result of this study offered basic data to develop intervention programs to prevent hypertension and hyperlipidemia in smoking adolescents.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Psychology ; Blood Pressure/*physiology ; *Body Mass Index ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias/prevention & control ; Hypertension/prevention & control ; Lipids/*blood ; Male ; Questionnaires ; *Smoking/prevention & control/psychology

Alcohol Drinking ; China ; epidemiology ; Exercise ; Fatty Liver ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; complications ; Obesity ; complications ; Prevalence

Adolescent ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; complications ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Life Style ; Obesity ; complications ; prevention & control ; Primary Prevention ; Risk Factors

Nutrition labels are helpful for chronic disease management in patients requiring balanced nutritional intake. This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of nutrition labels and chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia) by using the 2008-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. A total of 10,695 individuals aged 20 and over was included in the analysis. Using multiple logistic regressions, there was no difference in nutrition label use between the chronic disease and normal groups (men with hypertension OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.75-1.27; women with hypertension OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.67-1.03; men with diabetes OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.45-1.08; women with diabetes OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.84-1.53; men with hyperlipidemia OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.59-1.23; women with hyperlipidemia OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.91-1.44). In hyperlipidemia patients, awareness (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.03-2.35) and control (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 2.32-3.63) of disease were related to nutrition label use; however, no significant associations were found for the hypertension and diabetes mellitus patients. Considering the importance of dietary habits in the management of chronic diseases, an improvement in nutrition label use by patients with these diseases is required.
Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Demography ; Diabetes Mellitus/pathology/*prevention & control ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias/pathology/*prevention & control ; Hypertension/pathology/*prevention & control ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritive Value ; Odds Ratio ; Republic of Korea

Peripheral arterial disease, which is caused by atherosclerotic occlusion of the arteries to the legs, is an important manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis. The disorder affects old people and should be considered as serious condition because our people getting older. To evaluate the patients who complain of intermittent claudication, throughftil history taking, palpation of all peripheral arterial pulses, checking the ABI by Doppler technique were important and angiography will confirm the peripheral arterial disease. The risk factors for intermittent claudication were diabetes, smoking, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, which should be modified as secondary prevention for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. The outcomes for treatment of intermittent claudication should documented objective status, symptoms, hemodynamic status, patency if the revascularized vessel, and quality of life. All patients with peripheral arterial disease(whether symptomatic or asymptomatic) should be considered for treatment with low-dose aspirin, or other approved antiplatelet(unless contraindicated), to reduce the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Though no drug has effectiveness for intermittent claudication, percutaneous intervention and surgical bypass grafting were two majot treatment modalities.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Aspirin ; Atherosclerosis ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Intermittent Claudication* ; Leg ; Mortality ; Palpation ; Peripheral Arterial Disease* ; Quality of Life ; Risk Factors ; Secondary Prevention ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Transplants

BACKGROUNDS: Ischemic heart diseases has increased by more than 80% in the past 10 years among Korean and the global risk assessment of coronary heart disease(CHD) based on the relative risk factors to the probability of developing CHD became widely used for western populations. In this study we hope to provide information on the distribution and characteristics of the relative risks of CHD using the Framingham risk score. METHODS: This Study involved the subjects who visited a university hospital for health promotion from 1995 to 2000 without CHD. We surveyed medical history of the subjects, and measured their blood pressure, serum glucose, total cholesterol(total C) and HDL cholesterol(HDL C). Risk points from the Framingham chart were given to age, systolic BP, total C, HDL C, smoking, diabetes, and the global risk score was calculated from their sum. We analyzed the global risk scores and each risk points of the high risk groups. RESULTS: For younger and older men in the high risk group, the factors smoking and high blood pressure had the highest score assigned respectively. With younger women total C had the highest score assigned, and with older women diabetes took over but HDL C and high blood pressure still had a higher score. CONCLUSION: For primary prevention of CHD, younger men need active education to quit smoking and for older aggressive blood pressure control is desperately needed. For women, concern about low HDL C is highly needed and after menopause aggressive treatment for diabetes, high blood pressure, low HDL C is needed.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Coronary Disease* ; Education ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Heart ; Hope ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Male ; Menopause ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Primary Prevention ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the blood lipids and risk factors such as age in middle-aged and elderly men.

METHODS1603 men aged over 50 years old who took health examinations in June 2006 in the Chinese PLA General hospital were taken into the study. The total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting serum glucose (FBG), serum creatinine (Cr) and blood uric acid (UA) were detected, and the clinical data such as age, body height, body weight and blood pressure were recorded.

RESULTS(1) The detection rates of hyperlipidemia, abnormal TC, abnormal TG, abnormal HDL-c and abnormal LDL-c were 56.27%, 36.74%, 28.20%, 10.79% and 6.92% respectively, and the TC and/or TG abnormality were the majority. (2) Compared with the 50 59 years old group, the elderly men aged over 80 years old had lower detection rates of abnormal TC and abnormal HDL-c, lower levels of TC and TG and higher levels of HDL-c (P < 0.05). After adjusting for BMI, SBP, DBP, UA, FBG and CCr, the multiple regression analysis showed that the levels of TC and TG decreased by 0.097 mmol/L and 0.087 mmol/L respectively every 10 years older, while the level of HDL-c increased by 0.113 mmol/L.

CONCLUSIONThe study showed that the majority types of hyperlipidemia in middle-aged and elderly men were abnormal TC and abnormal TG. The levels of TC, TG were correlated with age positively and the HDL-c was negatively correlated with age. The blood lipids metabolism characteristics of elderly men aged over 80 years old should be considered before the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; prevention & control ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; blood

INTRODUCION: Cardiovascular disease has the potential to lead to sudden in-flight incapacitation and permanent grounding. The aims of this study are to examine the relationships between lifestyle, job stress and blood lipid levels of male aircrew personnel of a Korean airline and to identify which factors influence their hyperlipidemia. METHODS: Two hundred sixteen male aircrew personnel completed a questionnaire by self-report and consented to participate in the study. The questionnaire collected data related to job stress, life style, serum cholesterol levels and general characteristics of the aircrew. The cholesterol levels of the subjects were collected from their most recent health check-up records. Subjects were divided into two groups (the desirable group and the risk group) based on their serum cholesterol level, 200 mg/dl. RESULTS: Mean age and marital status were significantly different between the two groups. More subjects in the risk group had habits of eating high lipid foods, while more subjects in the desirable group exercised more frequently than the risk group. In logistic regression analysis, after controlling age and marital status, types of working situation (domestic duty or international duty, odds ratio=.390, p=.018), diet (odds ratio=.429, p=.037), and exercise (odds ratio=.320, p=.055) were influencing factors on aircrew's serum cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS: The cholesterol level of aircrew personnel is closely related to their lifestyle, such as lipid diet and exercise. The type of work situations, e.g. staying in an airplane for long periods of time or staying abroad, may influence these diet patterns and exercise habits.
Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology ; Risk Factors ; Occupational Diseases/*physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Logistic Models ; *Life Style ; Korea/epidemiology ; Hyperlipidemias/epidemiology/etiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Cholesterol/blood ; Aerospace Medicine ; Adult