No abstract available.
Hypercapnia* ; Respiratory Insufficiency*

No abstract available.
Hypercapnia* ; Respiratory Insufficiency*

No abstract available.
Hypercapnia* ; Respiration, Artificial*

Malfunction of the unidirectional valve in a breathing circuit system may cause hypercapnia from the rebreathing of expired gas, ventilation failure, and barotrauma. Capnography is a useful method for monitoring the integrity of the unidirectional valve. We experienced two cases of malfunction of a unidirectional valve which caused leakage and reverse flow, diagnosed early as a change of the capnographic waveform. One case was caused by expiratory unidirectional valve breakage. The other was caused by an incorrectly-assembled inspiratory unidirectional valve.
Barotrauma ; Capnography ; Hypercapnia ; Respiration ; Ventilation

Interventional lung assist (iLA) effectively reduces CO2 retention and allows protective ventilation in cases of life-threatening hypercapnia. Despite the clinical efficacy of iLA, there are a few major limitations associated with the use of this approach, such as bleeding, thrombosis, and catheter-related limb ischemia. We presented two cases in which thrombotic complications developed during iLA. We demonstrated the two possible causes of thrombotic complications during iLA; stasis due to low blood flow and inadequate anticoagulation.
Extremities ; Hemorrhage ; Hypercapnia ; Ischemia ; Lung* ; Thrombosis ; Ventilation

No abstract available.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure* ; Hypercapnia* ; Pneumonia* ; Pulmonary Edema*

No abstract available.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Hypercapnia ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Edema

Changes of brain stem blood flow(BBF) during physiologic stimulation, such as hypoxia, hypo-and hypercapnia, and hemorrhagic hypotension, were studied by hydrogen clearance technique through closed clival window in the brain stem of nerborn piglet. Induction of moderate hypercapnia(PaCO2=65.4+/-2.11mmHg) caused prominent increases in BBF(354+/-39%;p<0.0001). Conversely, in response to moderate hypocapnia(PaCO2=23.9+/-0.64mmHg), a significant decreases in BBF(-30.38+/-3.22%;p<0.0001) was observed. During severe hypoxia(PaO2=3.7+/-1.4mmHg)moderate increases in BBF(161+/-51.4%;p=0.005) occurred. Interestingly, in response to systemic hypotension(Mean Arterial Blood Pressure=34+/-0.7mmHg), a nonsignificant reduction of BBF was recorded(-14+/-10%;p=0.240). These findings suggest that CO2 reactivity of newborn piglet posterior circulation is high;however, hypoxic reactivity is relatively moderate, and BBF is autoregulated during systemic hypotension.
Anoxia* ; Brain Stem* ; Brain* ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Hypercapnia* ; Hypocapnia* ; Hypotension* ; Infant, Newborn*

Numerous reports have documented cardiac arrhythmias in animals and man during halothane anesthesia, Cardiac arrhythmia may occur regularly with halothane anesthesia, being related to several factors; fright, overdoasge of atropine, surgical stimvlation in light anesthesia, hypercapnia and intravenous injection of epinephrine. The authors experienced a case of severe cardiac arrhythmia induced by fialothane anesthesia and treated by change of anesthetic agent to ether.
Anesthesia* ; Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Atropine ; Epinephrine ; Ether ; Halothane* ; Hypercapnia ; Injections, Intravenous

BACKGROUND: Anesthetists participating in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with CO2 pneumoperitoneum has been cautious about adapting low-flow anesthesia (LFA). We investigated the efficacy of LFA compared to high-flow anesthesia (HFA) in LC. METHODS: Eighty patients undergoing LC were randomly assigned to one of the two groups (n = 40 each). In LFA, 1 L/min (50% O2 and N2O) of the total fresh gas flow (FGF) was used, whereas 4 L/min of the total FGF was used for HFA. Inspiratory and expiratory concentrations of O2, N2O, CO2, and sevoflurane were serially measured. Subjects were monitored for heart rate, blood pressure, and any procedural complications. RESULTS: None of the patients experienced any episodes of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and arrhythmia in both groups. The maximal end-tidal CO2 was 40.9 +/- 3.9 mmHg in LFA and 38.2 +/- 3.6 mmHg in HFA, respectively. The minimal O2 saturation was 98.3 +/- 0.6% in LFA and 98.8 +/- 0.7% in HFA, respectively. The inspiratory CO2 concentrations in both groups were all less than 1 mmHg throughout the anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, LFA with sevoflurane using FGF of 1 L/min with setting of 50% O2 and N2O for LC could be performed safely without the risk of complications like hypercapnia, hypoxia, or arrhythmia compared to HFA.
Anesthesia* ; Anoxia ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypercapnia ; Laparoscopy ; Pneumoperitoneum