OBJECTIVES: To investigate the readmission rate and risk factors for readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO-HDN), and to construct a risk prediction model for readmission. METHODS: Neonates diagnosed with hyperbilirubinemia due to ABO-HDN and hospitalized in the neonatal department between January 2021 and December 2023 were enrolled. Based on readmission status, neonates were divided into a readmission group and a control group. Clinical characteristics related to hyperbilirubinemia and risk factors for readmission were analyzed. Subsequently, a prediction model for readmission was constructed, and its predictive performance was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 483 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia due to ABO-HDN were included. The readmission rate was 13.0% (63 cases). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that earlier age at phototherapy initiation, longer duration of phototherapy, occurrence of rebound hyperbilirubinemia, and higher levels of serum total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin at discharge were independent risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia readmission in ABO-HDN neonates (OR=2.373, 4.840, 6.475, 5.033, 1.336 respectively; P<0.05). A risk prediction model for ABO-HDN hyperbilirubinemia readmission was constructed based on these 5 risk factors. Model evaluation demonstrated good predictive performance. CONCLUSIONS Age at phototherapy initiation, duration of phototherapy, occurrence of rebound hyperbilirubinemia, and serum total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin levels at discharge are significant influencing factors for readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with ABO-HDN. Close monitoring during discharge planning and follow-up management for such neonates is crucial to reduce readmission rates.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; ABO Blood-Group System ; Risk Factors ; Patient Readmission ; Male ; Female ; Logistic Models ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/therapy* ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal ; Bilirubin/blood*

The American Academy of Pediatrics updated the guidelines for the management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infants with a gestational age of ≥35 weeks in September 2022. Based on the evidence over the past 18 years, the guidelines are updated from the aspects of the prevention, risk assessment, intervention, and follow-up of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infants with a gestational age of ≥35 weeks. This article gives an interpretation of the key points in the guidelines, so as to safely reduce the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy and unnecessary intervention.
Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Infant ; United States ; Child ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/therapy* ; Bilirubin ; Hyperbilirubinemia/therapy* ; Kernicterus/prevention & control* ; Risk Assessment ; Gestational Age

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the preadmission follow-up condition of neonates hospitalized due to severe hyperbilirubinemia after discharge from the department of obstetrics and the influencing factors for follow-up compliance. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective case-control study was performed for the cases from the multicenter clinical database of 12 units in the Quality Improvement Clinical Research Cooperative Group of Neonatal Severe Hyperbilirubinemia in Jiangsu Province of China from January 2019 to April 2021. According to whether the follow-up of neonatal jaundice was conducted on time after discharge from the department of obstetrics, the neonates were divided into two groups: good follow-up compliance and poor follow-up compliance. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the influencing factors for follow-up compliance of the neonates before admission. RESULTS: A total of 545 neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia were included in the study, with 156 neonates (28.6%) in the good follow-up compliance group and 389 (71.4%) in the poor follow-up compliance group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low gestational age at birth, ≥10% reduction in body weight on admission compared with birth weight, history of phototherapy of siblings, history of exchange transfusion of siblings, Rh(-) blood type of the mother, a higher educational level of the mother, the use of WeChat official account by medical staff to remind of follow-up before discharge from the department of obstetrics, and the method of telephone notification to remind of follow-up after discharge were associated with the increase in follow-up compliance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Poor follow-up compliance is observed for the neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia after discharge from the department of obstetrics, which suggests that it is necessary to further strengthen the education of jaundice to parents before discharge and improve the awareness of jaundice follow-up. It is recommended to remind parents to follow up on time by phone or WeChat official account.
Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/therapy* ; Infant, Newborn ; Obstetrics ; Patient Discharge ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Intensive phototherapy (IPT) and exchange transfusion (ET) are the main treatments for extreme hyperbilirubinemia. However, there is no reliable evidence on determining the thresholds for these treatments. This multicenter study compared the effectiveness and complications of IPT and ET in the treatment of extreme hyperbilirubinemia. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in seven centers from January 2015 to January 2018. Patients with extreme hyperbilirubinemia that met the criteria of ET were included. Patients were divided into three subgroups (low-, medium-, and high- risk) according to gestational week and risk factors. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the data before treatment. Study outcomes included the development of bilirubin encephalopathy, duration of hospitalization, expenses, and complications. Mortality, auditory complications, seizures, enamel dysplasia, ocular motility disorders, athetosis, motor, and language development were evaluated during follow-up at age of 3 years. RESULTS: A total of 1164 patients were included in this study. After PSM, 296 patients in the IPT only group and 296 patients in the IPT plus ET group were further divided into the low-, medium-, and high-risk subgroups with 188, 364, and 40 matched patients, respectively. No significant differences were found between the IPT only and IPT plus ET groups in terms of morbidity, complications, and sequelae. Hospitalization duration and expenses were lower in the low- and medium-risk subgroups in the IPT only group. CONCLUSIONS In this study, our results suggest that IPT is a safe and effective treatment for extreme hyperbilirubinemia. The indication of ET for patients with hyperbilirubinemia could be stricter. However, it is necessary to have a contingency plan for emergency ET as soon as IPT is commenced especially for infants with risk factors. If IPT can be guaranteed and proved to be therapeutic, ET should be avoided as much as possible.
Child, Preschool ; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/therapy* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kernicterus/therapy* ; Phototherapy/methods* ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii combined with phototherapy in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. METHODS: The neonates with hyperbilirubinemia who were hospitalized from January to December 2018 were enrolled and randomly divided into an observation group (n=61) and a control group (n=63). The neonates in the observation group were treated with phototherapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii, and those in the control group were treated with phototherapy combined with placebo. Treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups. Fecal samples were collected 72 hours after treatment and 16s rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to compare the features of gut microbiota between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the total serum bilirubin level between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). At 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment, the observation group had a significantly lower level of total serum bilirubin than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly lower proportion of neonates requiring phototherapy again [20% (12/61) vs 75% (47/63), P<0.05]. Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides (P<0.05) and a significantly lower abundance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus in the intestine at 72 hours after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, phototherapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii can effectively reduce bilirubin level and prevent the recurrence of jaundice. Saccharomyces boulardii can favour the treatment outcome by regulating the gut microbiota of neonates.
Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/therapy* ; Infant, Newborn ; Phototherapy ; Prospective Studies ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Saccharomyces boulardii

OBJECTIVETo study the effect and safety of intensive phototherapy in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

METHODSA total of 144 neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were randomly and prospectively divided into intensive phototherapy group and conventional phototherapy group, with 72 neonates in each group. The therapeutic effect and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSWithin 12 hours after phototherapy, the total serum bilirubin level in the intensive phototherapy group was significantly lower than in the conventional phototherapy group (P<0.05), and the intensive phototherapy group had a significantly greater reduction in serum bilirubin level than the conventional phototherapy group (P<0.05). The intensives phototherapy group had a significantly shorter time of phototherapy than the conventional phototherapy group (P<0.05). The incidence rates of fever, diarrhea, rash, and hypocalcemia and reductions in blood calcium and hemoglobin levels after phototherapy showed no significant differences between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSDuring the initial stage of phototherapy, intensive phototherapy can quickly and effectively reduce the serum level of bilirubin in neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. It can also shorten the total phototherapy time, and does not increase the incidence of adverse events. Therefore, it is superior to conventional phototherapy.

Female ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; therapy ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Phototherapy ; adverse effects

Blue light has been widely used for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia since the 1950s. Neonatal phototherapy can decrease plasma unconjugated bilirubin level, thus preventing bilirubin encephalopathy, and greatly reduces the exchange transfusion rate. Generally, it is accepted that the side effects of neonatal phototherapy are not serious and seem to be well controlled, however recent research has provided new evidence. The short-term side effects of phototherapy include interference with maternal-infant interaction, imbalance of thermal environment and water loss, electrolyte disturbance, bronze baby syndrome and circadian rhythm disorder. In addition, phototherapy may be associated with some long-term side effects such as melanocytic nevi and skin cancer, allergic diseases, patent ductus arteriosus and retinal damage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop evidence-based guidelines, new light devices and alternative agents, as well as individualized treatments, to minimize the side effects of phototherapy.
Evidence-Based Practice ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; therapy ; Phototherapy ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVENeonatal isoimmune hemolytic disease is still one of the major causes of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The infants with severe hemolysis even need phototherapy and exchange transfusion. Early intravenous immunoglobulin infusion may block hemolysis to some extent. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of immunoglobulin infusion on neonatal isoimmune hemolytic disease by meta analysis.

METHODAll randomized controlled trials on the effect of immunoglobulin infusion on neonatal Rh and ABO incompatible hemolytic disease obtained by searching MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI and CBM were included. Meta analysis was done by Review Manager 4.2 software.

RESULTSSix trials with totally 456 neonates were included. There were 109 infants with Rh blood group incompatible hemolysis in 4 studies and 347 infants with ABO blood group incompatible hemolysis in 4 studies. There was no significant difference in gestational age, weight and sex between the immunoglobulin infusion and control groups. Compared with those neonates treated with only phototherapy, the infants treated with immunoglobulin and phototherapy had shorter duration of phototherapy (weighted mean difference, WMD -15.42, 95%CI -29.00 to -1.85), less chance to be given exchange transfusion (RR 0.25, 95%CI 0.17 to 0.39) and shorter duration of hospitalization (WMD -25.44, 95%CI -36.93 to -13.94). While intravenous immunoglobulin could not decrease the maximum serum bilirubin level (WMD -29.91, 95%CI -78.24 to 18.42). There was no significant difference in the incidence of late anemia between the two groups. No adverse reaction was found in neonates who received immunoglobulin.

CONCLUSIONSThe results of this meta analysis support that the intravenous immunoglobulin had some therapeutic effect on neonatal isoimmune hemolytic disease. The infants who received immunoglobulin had shorter duration of phototherapy and less chance to be given exchange transfusion. Well designed, double blind and randomized controlled trials with large sample size and long-term follow-up are needed for further evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the immunoglobulin therapy.

ABO Blood-Group System ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; therapy ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal ; therapy ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; therapy ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Infant, Newborn ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; Treatment Outcome

Bilirubin ; blood ; Complementary Therapies ; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; therapeutic use ; Infant, Newborn ; Phototherapy

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of automated peripheral arteriovenous exchange transfusion for treatment of severe hyperbilirubinemia in neonates.

METHODSFifty-three neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia underwent automated peripheral arteriovenous exchange transfusion, and the changes in the blood gas, electrolytes and some biochemical indices after the exchange transfusion were evaluated.

RESULTSTreatment with the exchange transfusion resulted in a significant reduction in the total serum bilirubin with an exchange rate of 53.12% (P<0.01). The levels of serum kalium, calcium, magnesium, white blood cell count, platelets, and pH showed reductions while blood glucose exhibited a significant elevation changes after the transfusion (P<0.01), which all recovered the normal levels within 48 h. No obvious alterations occurred in the respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, or saturation of blood oxygen during the transfusion.

CONCLUSIONAutomated peripheral arteriovenous exchange transfusion can rapidly reduce serum bilirubin levels in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia without obviously affecting the blood gas balance or blood electrolyte or glucose levels.

Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; therapy ; Infant, Newborn ; Male