71 Class I maloccousion samples were selscted and they were divided into premolar-extraction and non-extraction groups. Vertical and horizontal cephalometric evaluations on dental and soft tissue measurements were done before and after treatment. Also, treatment results in adolescent patients and adult patients were compared. The following conclusions were obrained: 1. In comparison of extraction and non-extraction groups, all the dental and soft tissue measurements, with exception of SN-MP angle, upper lip to E-line, vertical movement of upper first molar, and horizintal movement of lower first molar, showed statistically significant differences. 2. In comparison of extraction and non-extraction groups of adolescent samples, there were statistically significant differences in upper and lower incisor inclinations, horizontal dental movements from vertical reference line, positional changes in upper and lower lips, and mesial movements of upper first molar. 3. In comparison of extraction and non-extraction groups of adult samples, there were statistically sigmificant differences in upper and lower incisor inclinations, horizintal dental movements from vertical reference line, positional changes in upper and lower lips from E-line and vertical reference line, vertical hright of upper first molar, and mesial morement of lower first molar. 4. There was no statistically significant difference in SN-MP angle between extraction and non-extraction groups od both adolescent and adult samples.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Malocclusion* ; Molar

Class III malocclusion patients can be approached with many different types of treatment methods, and thus, each patient's problems must be accurately evaluated to allow selection of the best possible treatment method. Cephalometric analysis is an essential part of diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic patients, and it would certainly be helpful if reliable cephalometric guidelines could be set. The author divided 482 Class III malocclusion patients(253 males and 229 females) into fourgroups according to different types of treatment methods they have received to correct imbalance between upper and lower jaws: 1) orthopedic appliance (face mask & RPE), 2) camouflage treatment with fixed appliance, 3) surgical-orthodontic treatment, 4) cross-bite correction with removable plates/ functional appliance. Cephalometric values at the time of first clinical examination were compare among the four groups. Cephalometric analysis indicates the following results: 1)the amounts of antero-posterior and vertical skeletal discrepancies and dental compensation were greatest in surgery group 2) SNB, Wits, distance from Nasion Perpendicular Plane to point a facial angle, facial convexity, and APDI were greater in orthopedic appliance group than fixed appliance(camouflage) group, but there was no statistical difference 3) removable plates/ functional appliance group showed least amounts of skeletal discrepancies and dental compensation with statistical significance.
Compensation and Redress ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Jaw ; Male ; Malocclusion* ; Masks ; Orthopedics

No abstract available.

Three-dimensional CT imaging is efficient in examining specific structures in the craniofacial area by reproducing actual measurements through minimization of errors from patient movement and image magnification. Due to the rapid development of digital image technology and the expansion of treatment range a need for developing three-dimensional analysis has become urgent. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the percentage of error and magnification of three-dimensional CT using a dried skull and Vworks programTM (Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea) and also to obtain landmarks that are easy to designate and reproduce in three-dimensional images using the Vmorph-proto programTM (Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea). The following conclusions were obtained; 1. In the comparison of actual measurements from the dried skull and the three-dimensional image obtained from the Vworks program, the mean error was 0.99mm and the magnification was 1.04%. 2. Clinically useful hard tissue landmarks from three-dimensional images were Supraorbitale, Lateral orbital margin, Infraorbitale, Nasion, ANS, A point, Zygomaticomaxilla, Upper incisor, Lower incisor, B point, pogonion, Menton, PNS, Condylar inner margin, Condylar outer margin, Porion, Condylion, Gonion1, Gonion2, Gonion3, Sigmoid notch and Basion. 3. Clinically useful soft tissue landmarks from three-dimensional images were Endocanthion, Exocanthion, Soft tissue Nasion, Pronasale, Alare lateralis, Upper nostril point, Lower nostril point, Subnasale, Upper lip point, Cheilion, Stomion, Lower lip center, Soft tissue B, Pogonion, Menton and Preaurale. The Vworks program can be considered a clinically efficient tool to produce and measure three-dimensional images. Most of the hard and soft tissue landmarks proposed above are anatomically important points which are also easily reproducible and designated. These landmarks can be beneficial in three-dimensional diagnosis and the prediction of changes before and after surgery.
Colon, Sigmoid ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Incisor ; Lip ; Orbit ; Seoul ; Skull

The purpose of this study was to analize the initial stress distribution around apex and the alveolar bone of the upper anterior teeth when applying intrusive force by the use of utility archwire, Burstone 3-piece intrusion archwire, and "J" hook headgear which is usually used in clinical practice. By the use of the polarization plate, initial stresses were analized when 80g and 150g force applied. The results were as follows. 1. With the utility archwire, moderate levels of stress were evenly distributed on the apical areas of the anterior teeth and concentrated on the apical areas of the first molars. 2. With the Burstone's 3-piece intrusion archwire, moderate levels of stress were evenly distributed on the apical areas of the anterior and posterior teeth. 3. With the "J" hook headgear, severe levels of stress were widely distributed on, the alveolar- bone and apical areas of the upper anterior teeth, and concentrated on the apical area between the central and the lateral incisors. Especially. weak levels of stress appeared along the periodontal ligament space of all teeth.
Incisor ; Molar ; Periodontal Ligament ; Tooth*

In growing patients with Class III malocclusion, the various patterns of maxillofacial growth are a key element that affects the success or failure of treatment. Therefore it is important to correctly predict maxillofacial growth before initiating treatment. The purpose of this study was to find out the correlation between the maxillofacial morphology of parents and their Class III children by analyzing lateral cephalograms and hereditary factors. Among Class III preadolescent children, 50 families were obtained. To find out the specific hereditary factors involved, fingerprints were obtained and genetic correlation with the maxillofacial morphology was analyzed. The following conclusions were made. 1. A significant correlation (P<0.05-0.001) was found in many of the cephalometric measurements between the offspring and their parents. The correlation in the skeleton measurements was higher than in the denture measurements. The father-offspring correlation was higher than the mother-offspring correlation 2. A significant correlation (P<0.05-0.001) was found in fingerprint units between the offspring and their parents. The mother-offspring correlation was higher than the father-offspring correlation. 3. Between the maxillofacial morphology and fingerprint units, there was significant genetic correlation (P<0.05-0.01). Based on the analysis of genetic correlation, higher correlation was found in the parent-son pairing than the parent-daughter pairing.
Child ; Dentures ; Dermatoglyphics* ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Parents ; Skeleton

Cleft lip and/or palate(CLP) is the most common congenital deformity in the craniofacial region. For a practical public health system for these patients it is necessary to have an understanding on the prevalence of CLP. However, it was difficult to estimate the exact number of CLP patients due to problems in sample selection, higher miscarriage and still birth rate, difficulty in classification, and adoptions to foreign countries. Therefore this study was to estimate the prevalence of CLP and the rate of orthodontic treatment, which is usually necessary in cleft lip and/or palate patients. The samples consisted of 218,322 Korean male adults from Seoul, Kwangju, Taegu and Pusan, all born in 1979. The screening method for recognizing the CLP patients was proceeded in steps and the results are as follows. 1. The prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate in Korean male adults born in 1979 was 0.65 out of the 1000 samples. 2. In the anteroposterior aspect of the 1000 samples, the prevalence of cleft lip, cleft lip and palate, and cleft palate was 0.26, 0.36 and 0.03 respectively. 3. In the transverse aspect of the 1000 samples, the prevalence of left, right and bilateral cleft was 0.35, 0.16, 0.12 respectively. The cleft in the left showed a much higher prevalence than in the right, while bilateral cleft showed a lower prevalence than unilateral cleft. 4. The orthodontic treatment rate of Korean male adults among cleft lip and/or palate patients was 35%, and it was in the order of cleft lip and palate, cleft lip, and cleft palate, being 67%, 29% and 29% respectively. The orthodontic treatment rate in patients with the more severe cleft lip and palate was higher than in patients solely having cleft lip or cleft palate.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Adult* ; Birth Rate ; Busan ; Classification ; Cleft Lip* ; Cleft Palate* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Daegu ; Female ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Lip ; Male* ; Mass Screening ; Palate ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence* ; Public Health ; Seoul

Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are one of the most aggressive cysts in the oral and maxillofacial area because of their high recurrence rate and infiltrative behavior. In growing patients with OKCs, a radical treatment approach might cause numerous complications, including the disturbance of jaw growth and loss of the involved tooth. This case report describes successful comprehensive orthodontic treatment combined with marsupialization of the cyst in a young girl who exhibited an OKC with impacted teeth. The 10-year-old girl presented with an OKC extending from the mandibular symphysis through the left mandibular body, with ectopic impaction of the mandibular left canine and first premolar, as well as congenitally missing bilateral mandibular second premolars. Interestingly, spontaneous improvement of the positions of the ectopic impacted teeth, along with a reduction in the size of the cyst, occurred during marsupialization. The sequential use of removable and fixed appliances enabled orthodontic traction of the impacted teeth. The treatment outcome was stable at 2.5 years after the end of the treatment. We speculate that comprehensive orthodontic treatment combined with marsupialization can be an effective treatment strategy for patients with OKCs, especially when they are encountered in young, growing patients with impacted teeth.

Distributions and trends were examined in 2155 malocclusion patients who had been examined and diagnosed at Department of Orthodontics in Youngdong Severance Hospital over a 10 year-period from 1984 to 1993. The results were as follows; 1. The number of patients per year had nearly quadrupled during the 10 year-period, with females(58.3%) outnumbering males(41.7%). 2. Age distribution had shown 7-12 year-old group being the largest(53.3%), but percentages of 7-12 year-old and 13-18 year-old groups had been decreasing while that of above-19 patients had gradually increased. 3. Distributions in the types of malocclusion according to the Angle's Classification had shown: 27.8% for Class I, 22.6% for Class II division 1, 7.9% for Class II division 2, and 41.6% for Class III. Percentages of Class I patients had decreased while percentages of Class II and III patients had increased. 4. Non-extraction cases (75.4%) had outnumbered extraction cases (24.6%), with a general trend toward fewer extraction cases over the 10 year period. 5. Patients who had orthognathic surgery had been increasing, with Class I, II, and III cases comprising 8.8%, 16.9% and 74.3%, respectively. There had been three times as many 2-jaw operations as 1-jaw operations. 6. Nearly 4% of the subjects had facial asymmetries, with Class III cases being the most frequent. 7. Patients with TMD symptoms comprised 4.6%, with an increasing trend. The symptoms had occurred more frequently in older patients and in females. 8. Geographic distributions showed majority (3/4) of patients from the nearby areas, namely Gangnam-gu, Seocho-gu and Songpa-gu.
Age Distribution ; Facial Asymmetry ; Female ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Orthodontics ; Orthognathic Surgery

Mandibular incisor crowding is one of the most common features of malocclusion and is interesting characteristic in view of relapse and stability after orthodontic treatment. There are many potential factors in the etiology of lower anterior crowding. The tooth size variation is one of them, but biologic significance for the faciolingual width of the teeth has been overlooked. Peck and Peck reported that persons with ideal mandibular incisor alignment were shown to have incisor with smaller mesiodistal and larger faciolingual dimensions than persons with incisor crowding. On the basis of these findings they suggested MD/FL index as a clinical guideline for the assessment for lower incisor crowding. The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between mandibular incisor crowding and mandibular incisor dimension, and determine their correlation with arch length discrepancy. 154 dental casts of people from 11 to 17 years of age were made, and were divided into normal group with irregularity index less than of 1, and crowding group with irregularity index greater than 1. The casts were measured and analyzed statistically. The results were as follows. 1. The mean mesiodistal width for mandibular incisor was larger in crowding group, and has significant difference in central incisor measurement. There are no significant differences in the faciolingul width and MD/FL index. 2. Irregularity index has significant correlation coefficients with mesiodistal width and MD/FL index for mandibular incisor in crowding group, but no correlation with faciolingual width. It also has correlation with maxillary and mandibular arch length discrepancy, total tooth material, mandibular intercanine width, and mandibular inter first premolar width. 3. Upper and lower arch length discrepancy have significant correlation with mesiodistal width of mandibular incisor and overbite, but have no correlation with faciolingual width. Lower arch length discrepancy has significant correlation with MD/FL index for mandibular incisor and upper arch length discrepancy has correlation with MD/FL index for mandibular lateral incisor. 4. Significant differences were observed between normal and crowding group for the mandibular arch length discrepancy and overbite.
Adolescent* ; Bicuspid ; Humans ; Incisor* ; Malocclusion ; Overbite ; Recurrence ; Tooth