BACKGROUND: Antihypertensive effect and safety of the newer, long acting, nonsulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, were studied. METHODS: Twenty eight patients of mild to moderate essential hypertension were administered 10-20mg of lisinopril once daily for ten weeks. Patients were evaluated every two weeks concerning the changes of blood pressure and pulse rate in the sitting position and also any untoward sumptoms and signs attributable to the side effect. Chest X-rey, ECG and laboratory examination were performed in principle two times before and after the completion of medication. RESULTS: The blood pressure declined from 165.4/107.6mmHg to 141.3/92.4mmHg at the end of ten weeks of medication, thus the reduction of 24.1mmHg of systolic pressure and 15.2mmHg of diastolic pressure were observed and the overall effective rate was 85.7%. The pulse rate and laboratory findings were not sigificantly changed before and after the administration of lisinopril. The side effects were observed in 2 cases(7.1%) of mild dry cough and in 2 cases(7.1%) of transitory mild headache and in 1 case(3.6%) of dizziness but no one discontinued medication due to adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Lisinopril proved effective and safe in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Blood Pressure ; Cough ; Dizziness ; Electrocardiography ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Lisinopril* ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Thorax

Two cases of giant cell tumor of bone diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology are described. Case 1 was a 28-year-old male who had pain sense for one year at the right distal thigh. His radiologic finding revealed a destructive cortical lesion with soft tissue extension at medial side of epiphysis of the distal femur. Case 2 was a 21-year-old female complaining pain at left distal forearm for eight months and showed a well-demarcated expansile osteolytic lesion with multiseptation, and cortical destruction at epiphysis and metaphysis of the left distal radius on the X-ray. Fine needle aspiration of each lesion was performed. The aspirate of the case 1 revealed moderate cellularity, which was composed of scattered giant cells of osteoclastic type and small round to oval monotonous stromal cells in large areas. Giant cells were evenly distributed in single or small groups and had irregular but abundant cytoplasms with 10 to 20 nuclei in the center. The nuclei showed ovoid shape, fine granular chromatin, and a small but conspicuous nucleolus. Stromal cells were dispersed in isolated pattern or sometimes aggregated in clusters and showed the same nuclei as those of giant cells and scanty cytoplasms. Comparing to case 1, case 2 had a more translucent abundant cytoplasm in the giant cells and more spindled stromal cells. All two cases revealed neither nuclear atypism nor increased abnormal mitoses in both giant and stromal cells, suggesting no evidence of malignancy. Thereafter the lesions were treated with excision and curettage, and histologically confirmed as giant cell tumors of the bone.
Adult ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Chromatin ; Curettage ; Cytoplasm ; Epiphyses ; Female ; Femur ; Forearm ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Humans ; Hypertensive Encephalopathy* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Mitosis ; Osteoclasts ; Radius ; Stromal Cells ; Thigh ; Young Adult

Recently, the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association expelled one of its members on grounds of multiple ethical violations, which included a sexual boundary violation between doctor-patient relationships. However, the lack of understanding of why this is an ethical issue was found among the general population as well as psychiatric professionals. In this review article, we introduce the basic concepts of psychotherapy and psychiatrist-patient relationships, including therapeutic structure and transference/countertransference, and elaborate the reasons why boundary violations, and especially sexual boundary violations, are unethical and potentially harmful to the patient and to the psychiatric community.
Ethics ; Humans ; Psychiatry* ; Psychotherapy

Child abuse is a serious public health problem that can lead to compromised development, various psychopathologies, and subsequent health morbidities. In 2014, mandatory reporting of child abuse by physicians was enacted, but the rate of child abuse reporting by physicians remains low. Abuse victims exhibit several psychopathologies, including post-traumatic stress disorder, but there are claims that the existing diagnostic criteria do not cover all of the symptoms these victims may present. Complex post-traumatic stress disorder is a newly proposed diagnosis for those who have experienced long-term repeated interpersonal trauma in their childhood or adolescence. There are several evidence-based treatment options for children and adolescents who have experienced abuse. Psychiatrists are encouraged to increase their knowledge of the nature and characteristics of child abuse, its psychological consequences, the associated legal considerations, and the related social resources.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among nursing skill mix, missed nursing care, and adverse events according to the nursing skill mix and the factors influencing. Methods: This study is a descriptive survey that used survey data were collected from 158 nurses working in comprehensive nursing care wards in small and medium-sized hospitals. The data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The average age of the study participants was 37.9 years, and they had over 10 years of experience. The average mean ratio of nursing skill mix 1 was 69.98. For nursing skill mix 2, the average mean ratio was 68.44%. The mean score for missed nursing care was 1.33, and the mean score for adverse events was 1.90 points. The factors affecting adverse events experience were missed nursing care, total work experience of >3 years, number of beds between ≥200 and <300. Conclusion Our findings suggest that patient safety and management education should consider the nurses’ age and total work experience. Furthermore, nursing workforce management, particularly focusing on nursing assistants in small- and medium-sized hospitals, is essential for fostering a safer healthcare environment.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among nursing skill mix, missed nursing care, and adverse events according to the nursing skill mix and the factors influencing. Methods: This study is a descriptive survey that used survey data were collected from 158 nurses working in comprehensive nursing care wards in small and medium-sized hospitals. The data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The average age of the study participants was 37.9 years, and they had over 10 years of experience. The average mean ratio of nursing skill mix 1 was 69.98. For nursing skill mix 2, the average mean ratio was 68.44%. The mean score for missed nursing care was 1.33, and the mean score for adverse events was 1.90 points. The factors affecting adverse events experience were missed nursing care, total work experience of >3 years, number of beds between ≥200 and <300. Conclusion Our findings suggest that patient safety and management education should consider the nurses’ age and total work experience. Furthermore, nursing workforce management, particularly focusing on nursing assistants in small- and medium-sized hospitals, is essential for fostering a safer healthcare environment.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among nursing skill mix, missed nursing care, and adverse events according to the nursing skill mix and the factors influencing. Methods: This study is a descriptive survey that used survey data were collected from 158 nurses working in comprehensive nursing care wards in small and medium-sized hospitals. The data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The average age of the study participants was 37.9 years, and they had over 10 years of experience. The average mean ratio of nursing skill mix 1 was 69.98. For nursing skill mix 2, the average mean ratio was 68.44%. The mean score for missed nursing care was 1.33, and the mean score for adverse events was 1.90 points. The factors affecting adverse events experience were missed nursing care, total work experience of >3 years, number of beds between ≥200 and <300. Conclusion Our findings suggest that patient safety and management education should consider the nurses’ age and total work experience. Furthermore, nursing workforce management, particularly focusing on nursing assistants in small- and medium-sized hospitals, is essential for fostering a safer healthcare environment.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among nursing skill mix, missed nursing care, and adverse events according to the nursing skill mix and the factors influencing. Methods: This study is a descriptive survey that used survey data were collected from 158 nurses working in comprehensive nursing care wards in small and medium-sized hospitals. The data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The average age of the study participants was 37.9 years, and they had over 10 years of experience. The average mean ratio of nursing skill mix 1 was 69.98. For nursing skill mix 2, the average mean ratio was 68.44%. The mean score for missed nursing care was 1.33, and the mean score for adverse events was 1.90 points. The factors affecting adverse events experience were missed nursing care, total work experience of >3 years, number of beds between ≥200 and <300. Conclusion Our findings suggest that patient safety and management education should consider the nurses’ age and total work experience. Furthermore, nursing workforce management, particularly focusing on nursing assistants in small- and medium-sized hospitals, is essential for fostering a safer healthcare environment.

Many features of the developing nervous system are visible from external observations of intact human embryos. In this study, a photographic atlas from the 4th to the 7th week after ovulation (Carnegie stages 10-18) is provided. The neural folds began to fuse at stage 10, and the rostral and caudal neuropore were closed during stages 11 and 12, respectively. The three primary divisions of the brain were distinguishable before closing of the neural tube. The five secondary brain vesicles were formed during stages 14-15. The development of the cerebellum and cerebrum were first observed at stages 14 and 15, respectively. The mesencephalic flexure was seen at stage 12, and the cervical flexure and pontine flexure at stage 14. After stages 18-19, it became increasingly difficult to identify detailed features of the brain from the surface. Results from this study will help to correlate the characteristic findings of the developing central nervous system of human embryos from stereomicroscopical and light microscopical observations and to locate the exact parts of the developing human brain for other purposes.
Brain/embryology* ; Embryo/anatomy & histology ; Fetal Development ; Human

Many previously described nuclear medicine procedures to assess glomerular filtration rate have some problems because numerous blood sample is to be taken and they don't measure each separate renal function. Gates described isotopic method for the measurement of global and unilateral GFR based on the fractional renal uptake of (99m)Tc-DTPA 2 to 3 minutes after its intravenous injection. We evaluated GFR using (99m)Tc-DTPA in 57 people according to Gates method and compared with creatinine clearance. A good correlation was observed between creatinine clearance and GRF calculated by Gates' formula with an r value of 0.9(P<0.05). And also the relationship between parameters of (99m)Tc-DTPA renal scan images and GFR was taken. They were significantly correlated with GFR calculated by Gates' formula : r value 0.66 between relative intensity of peak renal to peak aortic activity(pK/pA) and GFR, -0.42 between time between aortic and kidney peak(A-K) and GFR and -0.48 between parenchymal renal activity at 25 min compared to peak kidney activity(25K/pK) and GRF. In conclusion, the determination of GFR according to Gates' formula shows good and reproducible of GRF with rapidity and simplicity. And the parameters from the renal scan images can use to estimate the renal function.
Creatinine ; Filtration* ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kidney ; Methods ; Nuclear Medicine