We studied the incidence and morphological variation of the metopic suture in Korean. Ninety-six adult Korean dried skulls and 141 cases of antero-posterior skull roentgenograms from age of 1 month to 80years old. We divided metopic suture into complete and incomplete type. Incidence of complete type was 8.3% in dried skulls. In roentgenograms the incidence was decreased according to aging, especially around 6-8 years old, and over 20 years old age group the incidence was 4.0%. The incidence of incomplete type was 32.3%.
Adult ; Aging ; Humans ; Incidence ; Skull ; Sutures*

Endotheline-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide with 21 amino acid residues. ET-1 is thought to have a key role in vasoconstriction, and cardiac, renal, and endocrine actions of the peptide. Creatine Kinase(CK), also referred to as ATP-creatine-N-phosphotransferase, consists of either the B or M type. CK is found almost exclusively in muscle(MM), myocardium(MB), and brain(BB). It is to be an almost specific index of injury of myocardium and brain in hypoxic damage. I measured the ET-1, CK isoenzyme in neonates among asphyxia group (14 cases), as a control devide into two group. 1st group(birth weight (2500 g, n=9) and 2nd group (body weight 2500g, n=11). 1) There was no significant difference between asphyxia and control 1st, 2nd group during postnatal 24 hrs include cord blood on irET-1(p< 0.05). 2) There was significant difference between asphyxia and control 1 st, 2nd group during postnatal 24 hrs include cord blood on CK and CK and CK isoenzyme (p<0.001). 3) There was significant difference between asphyxia and control 1st, 2nd group on CK-MB and CK-BB proportion (p< 0.001). 4) There was significant difference between cord blood and postnatal 24 hrs on total CK level (P< 0.001).
Asphyxia* ; Brain ; Creatine Kinase* ; Creatine* ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Myocardium ; Plasma* ; Vasoconstriction

We report a case of successful heart transplantation after 67 days of support with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in a patient who underwent surgery for type A aortic dissection and myocardial infarction complicated by irreversible myocardial damage and a deep sternal wound infection. During ECMO support, left heart vent and distal limb perfusion were performed. Mediastinitis was treated with mediastinal washout and irrigation. Multiple complications from peripheral ECMO were successfully managed.
Cardiomyopathies ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Extremities ; Heart Transplantation* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Mediastinitis* ; Myocardial Infarction ; Perfusion ; Shock ; Transplantation ; Wound Infection

Serous cystadenomas of the pancreas account for approximately a third of pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Their coexistence with a second tumor is extremely rare. We now report a case of a serous microcystic adenoma combined with an intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas in a 69-year-old man. Abdominal computed tomography scans demonstrated an incidental cystic mass in the body with cystic dilatation of the duct in the head of the pancreas. Central pancreatectomy with pancreatico-jejunostomy, and cyst excision of the pancreatic head were performed. Histologic examination demonstrated a serous microcystic cystadenoma in the body coexisting with an intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma in the head of the pancreas. This case study highlights the importance of careful intra-operative and pathologic examination for synchronous pancreatic tumors.
Adenoma ; Aged ; Cystadenoma ; Cystadenoma, Serous ; Dilatation ; Head ; Humans ; Mucins ; Pancreas ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatic Cyst

The bonded orthodontic retainer constructed from composite and multistrand orthodontic wire provides an esthetic and efficient system for maintained retention. This study was designed to measure shear bond strength of bonded retainers and to suggest a optimal combination of a multistrand wire and bonding method used when bonded retainer was fabricated. 160 sound maxillary and mandibular premolars were used for 80 test samples. After Uniformizing bonding area, length of wire, and thickness of composite, multistrand wire was bonded to fabricated a bonded retainer by direct or indirect bonding method. Shear bond strength and extension length of each sample were measured by a universal testing machine. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In vitro shear bond testing found 6-stranded, 0.0155 inch wires to have the largest shear bond strength and 3-stranded, 0.0195 inch wires to have the least shear bond strength. But, These difference was not statistically significant(p<0.05). 2. In vitro extension testing found 3-stranded, 0.0155 inch wires to have the largest extension length and 3-stranded, 0.0195 inch wires to have the least extension length(p<0.05). The larger diameter wire was used, the larger extension length was shown. But, the strand of wire is not related to the extension length of wire. 3. In comparison with direct bonding method, larger shear bond strength and extension length was shown in indirect bonding method(p<0.05).
Bicuspid ; Orthodontic Retainers ; Orthodontic Wires

PURPOSE: Recent development of diffusion tensor imaging enables the evaluation of the microstructural characteristics of the brain white matter. However, optimal imaging parameters for diffusion tensor imaging, particularly concerning the number of diffusion gradient direction, have not been studied thoroughly yet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the number of diffusion gradient direction on the fiber tracking of the white matter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 13 healthy volunteers (ten men and three women, mean age 30 years, age range 23-37 years) were included in this study. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed with different numbers of diffusion gradient direction as 6, 15, and 32, keeping the other imaging parameters constant. The imaging field ranged from 1 cm below the pons to 2-3 cm above the lateral ventricle, parallel to the anterior commissure-posterior commissure line. FA (fractional anisotropy) maps were created via image post-processing, and then FA and its standard deviation were calculated in the genu and the splenium of the corpus callosum on each of FA maps. Fiber tracking of the corticospinal tract in the brain was performed and the number of the reconstructed fibers of the tract was measured. FA, standard deviation of FA and the number of the reconstructed fibers were compared statistically between the different diffusion gradient directions. RESULTS: FA is not statistically significantly different between the different diffusion gradient directions. By increasing the number of diffusion gradient direction, standard deviation of FA decreased significantly, and the number of the reconstructed fibers increased significantly. CONCLUSION: The higher number of diffusion gradient direction provided better quality of fiber tracking.
Anisotropy* ; Brain ; Corpus Callosum ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Diffusion* ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Pons ; Pyramidal Tracts

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Fracture of composite resin core will be occurred by progress of crack. Bonding interface of different materials has large possibility of starting point of crack line. Therefore, the bond strength of glass fiber post to composite resin core is important for prevention of fracture. Purpose: This in vitrostudy tried to find out how to get the higher strength of glass fiber post to composite resin core through surveying the maximum load that fractures the post and core complex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 specimens made with glass fiber Posts(Style post(R), Metalor, Swiss) and composite resin core(Z-100(R), 3M, USA) were prepared and loaded to failure with push-out type shear-bond strength test in a universal test machine. The maximum fracture load and fracture mode were investigated in the specimens that were restored with four different surface treatments. With the data, ANOVA test was used to validate the significance between the test groups, and Bonferroni method was used to check if there is any significant statistical difference between each test group. Every analysis was approved with 95% reliance. RESULTS: On measuring the maximum fracture load of specimens, both the treatments of sandblasted and acid-etched one statistically showed the strength increase rather than the control group(p<0.005). The scanning electric microscope revealed that sand blasting made more micro-retention form not only on the resin matrix but on the glass fiber, and acid-etching contributed to increase in surface retention form, eliminated the inorganic particles in resin matrix. Specimen fracture modes investigation represented that sand blasted groups showed lower bonding failure than no-sand blasted groups. CONCLUSION: Referring to the values of maximum fracture load of specimens, the bonding strength was increased by sand blasting and acid-etching.
Glass* ; Silicon Dioxide

No abstract available.
Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal* ; Hemorrhage*

Statins are widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering agents, which have been demonstrated to significantly reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, recent trials have reported that statins cause worsening of hyperglycemia and increase the risk of new-onset diabetes. The association between the diabetogenic effect of statins with intensive dose and accompanying major risk factors for diabetes has been demonstrated. However, statins do not appear to have a class effect on insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic patients. Numerous mechanisms have been suggested to explain how statins cause beta-cell insulin secretory dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance leading to incident diabetes. According to findings from an aggregate of large clinical trials, the benefits of statin treatment appear to outweigh the risk of new-onset diabetes. Therefore, it would be inappropriate to discontinue the use of statins for prevention of cardiovascular events because of its potential risk for development of incident diabetes. This review addresses the currently available evidence related to statin use and new-onset diabetes from a clinical perspective.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors* ; Hyperglycemia ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Mortality ; Risk Factors

In a small island community with a population of less than 100 residents, nine persons died and five experienced severe illness during the period from November 1986 to May 1988. Their initial symptoms were sore throat and fever. Renal failure and hepatitis developed which one week after the onset. Oral mucosal ulcer developed in some cases. After one week, progressive respiratory failure and dyspnea developed evidently and severe respiratory distress and hypoxia preceded those fatal cases. Chest X-ray findings revealed bilateral diffuse multiple cystic lesion with occasional multiple large emphysematous bullae. Based on these features paraquat poisoning was diagnosed and route of poisoning was investigated. In three sources of drinking water, trace amount of paraquat was detected in November 1988, six months after the incidence of recent fatal case. In November 1988, soybean sauces and soybean pastes from 12 households were found contaminated with high concentration of paraquat, the cause of this mass poisoning has been suggested.
Anoxia ; Drinking Water ; Dyspnea ; Eating ; Family Characteristics ; Fever ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ointments ; Paraquat* ; Pharyngitis ; Poisoning* ; Renal Insufficiency ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Soybeans ; Thorax ; Ulcer