PURPOSE: Atherosclerotic change begins in childhood, elevated blood lipid levels and a family history of premature coronary vascular diseases are important risk factors for coronary artery disease. Identification, follow-up and treatment of children at high risk of cardiovascular diseases are very effective and important for prevention of future coronary artery diseases. The purpose of this study is to determine the relation between parental history coronary artery disease and lipid levels of children in Korea. METHODS: As a cross sectional study, lipids and apolipoproteins were measured in 94 off-spring of patients diagnosed by coronary angiography as a myocardial infarction and an angina pectoris before the age of 55 years, the results were compared with those of 98 controls without family history of coronary artery diseases. RESULTS: The mean levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Apolipprotein B and Lipoprotein(a)(Lp(a)) were significantly higher in study group than in control group(p<0.01). The mean level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in study group than in control group(p<0.05). Also, the percentage of children having abnormal lipid values(total cholesterol < or =200mg/dl, LDL-cholesterol < or =130mg/dl, Lp(a) < or =30mg/dl) were significantly higher in study group than in control group. CONCLUSIONS: The children and adolescents whose parents suffered from early onset coronary heart diseases should be evaluated for lipids and lipoprotein levels to identify and to manage the high risk group for coronary artery disease.
Adolescent* ; Angina Pectoris ; Apolipoproteins ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Lipoproteins ; Myocardial Infarction ; Parents ; Risk Factors ; Vascular Diseases

PURPOSE: Atherosclerotic change begins in childhood, elevated blood lipid levels and a family history of premature coronary vascular diseases are important risk factors for coronary artery disease. Identification, follow-up and treatment of children at high risk of cardiovascular diseases are very effective and important for prevention of future coronary artery diseases. The purpose of this study is to determine the relation between parental history coronary artery disease and lipid levels of children in Korea. METHODS: As a cross sectional study, lipids and apolipoproteins were measured in 94 off-spring of patients diagnosed by coronary angiography as a myocardial infarction and an angina pectoris before the age of 55 years, the results were compared with those of 98 controls without family history of coronary artery diseases. RESULTS: The mean levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Apolipprotein B and Lipoprotein(a)(Lp(a)) were significantly higher in study group than in control group(p<0.01). The mean level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in study group than in control group(p<0.05). Also, the percentage of children having abnormal lipid values(total cholesterol < or =200mg/dl, LDL-cholesterol < or =130mg/dl, Lp(a) < or =30mg/dl) were significantly higher in study group than in control group. CONCLUSIONS: The children and adolescents whose parents suffered from early onset coronary heart diseases should be evaluated for lipids and lipoprotein levels to identify and to manage the high risk group for coronary artery disease.
Adolescent* ; Angina Pectoris ; Apolipoproteins ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Lipoproteins ; Myocardial Infarction ; Parents ; Risk Factors ; Vascular Diseases

PURPOSE: The development of publicized screening methods for breast carcinoma detection has led to a marked increase in the discovery of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or DCIS with microinvasion (DCIS-MI). Axillary lymph node status has been believed to be not only an indicator of prognosis, but also a direction of adjuvant therapy. But the incidence of axillary metastasis in DCIS or DCIS-MI has diversely found in from 0% to 20%. This study was performed to analyze the incidence of axillary metastasis and the predictive factors associated with axillary lymph node metastasis in DCIS or DCIS-MI. METHODS: Patients with DCIS or DCIS-MI and axillary lymph node dissection from 1987 to 2004 were selected from Korea University Medical Center. We reviewed their medical records for age, palpability and size of the tumor, histolgic subtype, nuclear grade, hormone receptor status, and pathologic slides. RESULTS: Fifty two patients in DCIS and Thirty eight patients in DCIS-MI were included in the study. Axillary lymph node metastases were identified in 2 patients (3.8%) in DCIS and 4 patients (10.5%) in DCIS-MI. Tumor size and nuclear grade in DCIS had a borderline significance in association with microinvasion. We could not be able to find any predictive factor associated with axillary lymph node metastasis in DCIS and DCIS-MI. CONCLUSION: Axillary lymph node metastasis in DCIS or DCIS-MI appeared to be not low and there was no predictive factor associated with axillary lymph node metastasis in DCIS and DCIS-MI. But DCIS patients with large tumor size and poor nuclear grade have the high possibility associated with microinvasion, therefore, in that cases, there is a need to consider the possibility of axillary metastasis.
Academic Medical Centers ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mass Screening ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prognosis

No abstract available.

The purpose of this study is to find the histopathological pattern of cysts. We reviewed the hospital chart, out-patient chart, roentgenogram, histopathologic report and operation report of 152 patients who had been diagnosed as cyst and treated at the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Korea university hospital between Jan. 1, 1995 and Dec. 31, 1998. And then we studied clinically with regard to pathological classification, age and sex distribution, anatomical distribution and so on. The results were as follows : 1. In pathologic classification, radicular cyst (97cases, 64%), dentigerous cyst (35cases, 23%), odontogenic keratocyst (8cases, 5.3%) were dominant among cases of cyst. 2. The pattern of age distribution in cases of radicular cyst, dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst was similar to that found in previous studies. The peak incidence was in the second decade (27%) and third decade (29%) in overall cases. 3. The male-to-female ratio was 1.9 : 1. 4. Radicular cyst occured most frequently in the maxillary incisor teeth area, dentigerous cyst in mandibular wisdom teeth area, and odontogenic keratocyst in mandibular molar area.
Age Distribution ; Classification ; Dentigerous Cyst ; Humans ; Incidence ; Incisor ; Jaw* ; Korea ; Molar ; Molar, Third ; Odontogenic Cysts ; Outpatients ; Radicular Cyst ; Sex Distribution ; Surgery, Oral ; Tooth

Congenital arteriovenous malformation is one of developmental anomaly of vascular system. Since the lesion consist of abundant vascular component, feeding arteries and draining vessels, most of the lesions show poor demarcation and even show invasion to the adjacent tissues. Because of this characteristics, management of this malformation is troublesome. Selective arterial embolization and excision of the lesion is one of the recommended management. We experienced congenital arteriovenous malformation at the buttock of 18 years old male patient. He had been performed multiple feeding arterial embolization using Histoacryl with lipiodol 2 years ago because of repeated bleeding. But that buttock bleeding recurred 2 years later. After confirmation of the lesion by MRI and angiogram, wide excision and ligation of feeding artery was done. The wound was repaired by posterior thigh flap.
Adolescent ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Buttocks* ; Enbucrilate ; Ethiodized Oil ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Ligation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Thigh ; Wounds and Injuries

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is encoded by the ABCB1 gene and acts as an efflux pump for xenobiotics. In the Border Collie, a nonsense mutation caused by a 4-base pair deletion in the ABCB1 gene is associated with a premature stop to P-gp synthesis. In this study, we examined the full-length coding sequence of the ABCB1 gene in an ivermectin-sensitive Border Collie that lacked the aforementioned deletion mutation. The sequence was compared to the corresponding sequences of a wild-type Beagle and seven ivermectin-tolerant family members of the Border Collie. When compared to the wild-type Beagle sequence, that of the ivermectin-sensitive Border Collie was found to have one insertion mutation and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding sequence of the ABCB1 gene. While the eight SNPs were also found in the family members' sequences, the insertion mutation was found only in the ivermectin-sensitive dog. These results suggest the possibility that the SNPs are species-specific features of the ABCB1 gene in Border Collies, and that the insertion mutation may be related to ivermectin intolerance.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*genetics ; Animals ; Depression/chemically induced ; Dogs/*genetics ; Female ; Ivermectin/*adverse effects ; Male ; Mutagenesis, Insertional/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Sialorrhea/chemically induced

PURPOSE: In breast cancer patients, information of the axillary nodal status is essential for staging, determining the necessity of systemic therapy, and predicting the prognosis. The necessity of an axillary lymph node dissection in small breast cancers is controversial. The aim of this study is to identify the factors associated with axillary lymph node metastases and to determine the necessity of axillary lymph node dissections in T1 invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast. METHODS: From the June 1991 to the March 2004, of a total 919 cases who underwent surgery for breast cancer in Korea University Hospital, 230 cases of T1 invasive ductal carcinomas were reviewed retrospectively. All subjects were classified as T1a, T1b, or T1c. The rate of axillary lymph node metastasis was calculated for each group and the factors that have a statistically significant correlations with axillary lymph nodes metastases were investigated. RESULTS: Of the 230 cases of T1 invasive ductal carcinomas, 22 cases were T1a, 27 cases were T1b, and 181 cases were T1c. Axillary lymph node metastases were encountered in 4 T1a case (18%), 5 T1b cases (18.5%), and 67 T1c cases (30.3%). The overall rate of axillary lymph node metastases rate in T1 was 33% (76/230). The T stage had a statistically significant correlation (p=0.043) with the axillary lymph node metastases. Lymphovascular invasion of the tumor had a significant correlations with an axillary lymph node metastases (p=0.032). The MIB-1 labeling index was increased according to the tumor size, and correlated with the presence of an axillary lymph node metastasis (p=0.032, p=0.18). However age, hormone receptors, p53, HER2/neu , and nm23 were not associated with an axillary lymphnodes metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The tumor size and the lymphovascular invasion could be significantly prognostic factors suggesting an axillary lymph node metastasis in T1 invasive ductal carcinomas. The MIB-1 immunostain was higher in the T1c cases. Therefore, a combination of the tumor size and MIB-1 immunostain would be an indicator for an axillary lymph node dissection. A sentinel lymph node biopsy may be of more benefit in T1a invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

PURPOSE: In breast cancer patients, information of the axillary nodal status is essential for staging, determining the necessity of systemic therapy, and predicting the prognosis. The necessity of an axillary lymph node dissection in small breast cancers is controversial. The aim of this study is to identify the factors associated with axillary lymph node metastases and to determine the necessity of axillary lymph node dissections in T1 invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast. METHODS: From the June 1991 to the March 2004, of a total 919 cases who underwent surgery for breast cancer in Korea University Hospital, 230 cases of T1 invasive ductal carcinomas were reviewed retrospectively. All subjects were classified as T1a, T1b, or T1c. The rate of axillary lymph node metastasis was calculated for each group and the factors that have a statistically significant correlations with axillary lymph nodes metastases were investigated. RESULTS: Of the 230 cases of T1 invasive ductal carcinomas, 22 cases were T1a, 27 cases were T1b, and 181 cases were T1c. Axillary lymph node metastases were encountered in 4 T1a case (18%), 5 T1b cases (18.5%), and 67 T1c cases (30.3%). The overall rate of axillary lymph node metastases rate in T1 was 33% (76/230). The T stage had a statistically significant correlation (p=0.043) with the axillary lymph node metastases. Lymphovascular invasion of the tumor had a significant correlations with an axillary lymph node metastases (p=0.032). The MIB-1 labeling index was increased according to the tumor size, and correlated with the presence of an axillary lymph node metastasis (p=0.032, p=0.18). However age, hormone receptors, p53, HER2/neu , and nm23 were not associated with an axillary lymphnodes metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The tumor size and the lymphovascular invasion could be significantly prognostic factors suggesting an axillary lymph node metastasis in T1 invasive ductal carcinomas. The MIB-1 immunostain was higher in the T1c cases. Therefore, a combination of the tumor size and MIB-1 immunostain would be an indicator for an axillary lymph node dissection. A sentinel lymph node biopsy may be of more benefit in T1a invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increased industrialization and the changing environment have caused complex olfactory problems in the modern population, and the need for an objective evaluation of such problems has thus come to our attention. In this study, we used the human Q-EEG (Bio-Logic, Brain Atlas III) equipment to evaluate olfactory fuction, and tried to lay out a basis for an objective test of olfactory function in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty normosmic adults and ten anosmic patients were studied by the human Q-EEG equipment. EEG changes were analyzed by a nonparametric test (Mann-Whitney test, p<0.05). A mixture of S-D alcohol, benzophenol, BHT (benzyl hydroxy toluene), water, and fragrance were used as an odorant. The odorant was applied to the one third anterior of the inferior turbinate using a small piece of filter paper soaked in the odorant. RESULTS: During odorant stimulation, the Q-EEG analyzer showed that the delta band (0-3.5 Hz) decreased in the whole brain region, while the alpha band (8-11.5 Hz) increased in the bilateral temporal region in the normosmic patients. There was no Q-EEG changes in the anosmic patients. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that human Q-EEG analysis may provide the basis for the development of an objective test of olfactory function in humans.
Adult ; Brain ; Butylated Hydroxytoluene ; Electroencephalography ; Humans* ; Odors ; Turbinates ; Water ; Industrial Development