Agar ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Load ; Chlorhexidine ; Mouth ; Povidone-Iodine ; Saliva ; Sheep ; Stem Cells

Partial Trisomy of 3p (Trisomy of 3p2, dup (3) (p23-->pter)) is a characteristic syndrome of chromosomal duplication of distal part of 3p, but breakpoints seem to vary in location. This syndrome shows multiple congenital anomalies with severe mental retardation, characteristic craniofacial change and absence of other gross external abnormalities. The craniofacial dysmorphism includes frontal bossing and temporal indentation, square face, marked hypertelorism, thick and short nose, full lips and a large mouth with downturned corners. Congenital heart defect, most frequently ASD and VSD, are found in most patients. In the majority of patients, the 3p2 duplication is the unbalanced product of a parental autosomal translocation involving 3p2 and another chromosome. We report a case of female baby who has facial dysmorphism, ASD and hyptonia and was found to have 3p2 duplidation (46XX-9, +der(9)t (3:9)(p23:p24)) by chromosomal analysis. Also we found her father was a carrier of blanced translocation of 3p2 and chromosome 9p (46XY, t(3:9)(p23:p24)).
Chromosome Duplication ; Fathers ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Intellectual Disability ; Lip ; Mouth ; Nose ; Parents ; Trisomy*

OBJECTIVES: To confirm the HAVS in workers exposed to hand-arm vibration with using the objective diagnostic methods METHODS: Several tests were used to help substantiate a clinical diagnosis of HAVS. Some other diseases were excluded by a medical interview, hematologic assessment, urinalysis, X-rays. The hand-arm vibration acceleration level of the grinder was evaluated for considering HAVS. Peripheral vascular changes were examined by a cold provocation test. An electromyography was implemented to ascertain the peripheral neural changes. RESULTS: 8 workers with symptoms in hands & fingers, exposed to hand-arm vibration were examined. Some other diseases(primary Raynauds disease, secondary Raynauds disease in not occupational origin) were excluded by a medical interview, hematologic assessment, urinalysis, X-rays. The hand-arm vibration acceleration level of the grinder was 7. 9 m/sec2. The recovery time of a skin temperature followed finger cooling was significantly prolonged in 6 workers with HAVS. The nerve conduction velocity was reduced in 6 workers with HAVS. CONCLUSIONS: So we report 6 cases of HAVS in grinding workers exposed to hand-arm vibration diagnosed objectively by an exclusion of some other disease, handarm vibration acceleration level, cold provocation test, electromyography.
Acceleration ; Diagnosis ; Electromyography ; Fingers ; Hand* ; Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome* ; Neural Conduction ; Raynaud Disease ; Skin Temperature ; Urinalysis ; Vibration*

BACKGROUND: Pityriasis rosea is an acute inflammatory dermatosis with an unproven etiology. The typical clinical feature consists of an initial, single herald patch followed by development of smaller, disseminated, papulosquamous, ovoid macules. However, an unusual papular type of pityriasis rosea is relatively common in children and it shows similar clinical characteristics to pityriasis lichenoides. OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to observe the clinical and histologic features of pityriasis rosea and pityriasis lichenoides, and differentiate two diseases in children. METHODS: Sixteen children with pityriasis rosea and nineteen children with pityriasis lichenoides were investigated clinically and histologically. RESULTS: 1. Clinically, pityriasis rosea may be differentiated from pityriasis lichenoides by the existence of herald patch, short duration, the uniformity of size and shape, and residual pigmentation. 2. Focal parakeratosis, intraepidermal vesicle and papillary derma edema are more common in pityriasis rosea. In contrast, deep dermal infiltration, dyskeratosis, epidermal necrosis and confluent parakeratosis are more common in pityriasis lichenoides. 3. Comparing to the plaque type, a papular type of pityriasis rosea shows more involvement in the extremities with longer duration. Histologically, parakeratosis and papillary dermal edema are less and spongiosis is more commonly observed in papular type. CONCLUSIONS: Pityriasis rosea in children often shows papules especially on the extremities, similar to that of pityriasis lichenoides. However, from the results in this study, we believe that two diseases can be differentiated if both clinical and histologic findings are carefully studied.
Child* ; Edema ; Extremities ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Parakeratosis ; Pigmentation ; Pityriasis Lichenoides* ; Pityriasis Rosea* ; Pityriasis* ; Skin Diseases

beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) consisting of 40 to 42 amino acid is the principle constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Although, the hypothesis that deposition of AP triggers a cascade of events leading to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease has been widely accepted, direct evidence for triggering accumulation of phosphorylated tau in paired helical filament is rare. In this study, we examined neurotoxicity induced by 3 kinds of beta-amyloid peptides 1 ~28, 25~,35 and 1~40 to elucidate the way of mechanism trading to neuronal cell death caused by Abeta using cultured hippocampal neurons. For this purpose, we measured lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture media after treatment with Abeta combined with anti-oxidant drug, trolox, or not. By histochemical and TUNEL method, we studied the change of immunoreaction to anti-MAP-2 (microtubule associated protein -2, the main component of neuritis) and detected apoptotic cells, respectively, in the hippocampal neurons treated with Abeta. To investigate whether tau phosphorylation involve neurotoxicity induced by Abeta, we immunostained the neurons with anti-SMI-31 to recognize phosphorylated Ser 396/404 of tau. From our data, we suggested that Abeta1-40 and Abeta25-35 induced marked neurodegenerative changes, and the mechanism responsible for cell death caused by Abeta -neurotoxicity was associated with the apoptosis. Because Abeta-neurotoxicity was not inhibited by anti-oxidant, trolox, we suggested that anti-oxidant did not protect the neuronal cells against the damage induced by Abeta in ou. expo.imental envi.onment. Finally, we suggested that AP treatment did not potentiate the immunoreactivity to anti-phosphorylated tau antibody and we speculated that Abeta-neurotoxicity led hippocampal cells to apoptosis without tau phosphorylation.
Alzheimer Disease ; Apoptosis* ; Cell Death ; Culture Media ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Neurons* ; Pathology ; Peptides* ; Phosphorylation* ; Plaque, Amyloid

We performed the same day dipyridamole stress/rest myocardial SPECT in 14 healthy young men, reconstructed the polar maps according to Cedars-Sinal method and quantitated the radioactivity of myocardial wall. We divided the whole myocardium to 9 sectors. The latero-anterior wall contains the highest count. The infero-septal wall contains the lowest count. There isn't any significant differences of radioactivity in each segment between stress and rest polar map. The hemodynamic parameters after dipyridamole injection in the subjects were significantly changed except systolic blood pressure : the heart rate was increased and diastolic blood pressure was decreased. Adverse effects were reported in 85.7%. We suggest that these data can be used to dectect perfusion defect in the coromary artery disease.
Arteries ; Blood Pressure ; Dipyridamole* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Myocardium ; Perfusion ; Radioactivity ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

PURPOSE: We tried to define the etiology of the trigger thumb in children, to know the main symptom of the trigger thumb in children and to conclude the prophet age to operate without residual symptoms nor complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1) 50 Children, 60 thumbs operated in our hospital (A1 pulley release after the age of 2) were included in this study. 2) In 7407 newborn babies born in our hospital, screening test were performed for detection of trigger thumb in nursery and also follow-up (180 days or more) for detection of trigger thumb was performed. RESULTS: 1) In 50 children underwent operation, only two (4%) had the deformity at the day of birth. All the babies (100%) had flexion contractures of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb. The nodule was found in 48 (80%) of 60 thumbs. The triggering, however, was found in only 16 thumbs (27%) . The patients underwent operation after the age of 4 (11 patients, 22%) had no complication nor residual symptom. 2) In the screening of 7407 newborn babies, nobody had flexion contractures of the thumb at the day of birth. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The main symptom of the trigger thumb in children was "flexion contracture", not "triggering". 2) The children operated after the age of 3 or 4 is expected to get good result.3) The trigger thumb in children is seemed to be "acquired" or "developmental" rather than "congenital".
Child* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Joints ; Mass Screening ; Nurseries ; Parturition ; Thumb ; Trigger Finger Disorder*

Dental Implants ; Humans ; Mentors

BACKGROUND: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a commonly encountered respiratory disease and its prognosis is poor when the treatment is not provided promptly and properly. However no specific pharmacologic treatment is currently available for ALI, although recently several supportive drugs have been under scrutiny. We studied anti-inflammatory effects of pentoxifylline (PF), a methylated xanthine, and ONO-5046, a synthetic neutrophil elastase inhibitor on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in vitro. METHODS: To establish an in vitro model of LPS-induced ALI, primary rat alveolar macrophages and peripheral neutrophils in various ratios (1:0, 5:1,1:1,1:5,0:1) were co-cultured with transformed rat alveolar epithelial cells (L2 cell line) or vascular endothelial cells (IP2-E4 cell line) under LPS stimulation. Each experiment was divided into five groups-control, LPS, LPS+PF, LPS+ONO, and LPS+PF+ONO. We compared LPS-induced superoxide anion productions from primary rat alveolar macrophages and peripheral neutrophils in various ratios, and the resultant cytotoxxicity on L2 cells or IP2-E4 cells between groups. In addition we also compared the productions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein(MCP)-1, IL-6, and IL-10 as will as mRNA expressions of TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthetase(iNOS), and MCP-1 from LPS-stimulated primary rat alveolar macrophages between groups. RESULTS: (1) PF and ONO-5046 in each or both showed a trend to suppress LPS-induced superoxide anion productions from primary rat alveolar macrophages and peripheral neutrophils regardless of their ratio, except for the LPS+PF+ONO group with the 1:5 ratio, although statistical significance was limited to a few selected experimental conditions. (2) PF and ONO-5046 in each or both showed a trend to prevent IP2-E4 cells from LPS-induced cytotoxicity by primary rat alveolar macrophages and peripheral neutrophils regardless their ratio, although statistical significance was limited to a few selected experimental conditions. The effects of PF and/or ONO-5046 on LPS-induced L2 cell cytotoxicity varied according to expaerimental conditions. (3) PF showed a trend to inhibit LPS-induced productions of TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-10 from primary rat alveolar macrophages. ONO-5046 alone didnot affect the LPS-induced productions of proinflammatory cytokines from primary rat alveolar macrophages but the combination of PF and ONO-5046 showed a trend to suppress LPS-induced productions of TNF-αand IL-10 PF and ONO-5046 in each or both showed a trend to increase LPS-induced IL-β and IL-6 productions from primary rat alveolar macrophages. (4) PF and ONO-5046 in each or both showed atrend to attenuate LPS-induced mRNA expressions of TNF-α and MCP-1 from primary rat alveolar macrophages but at the same time showed a trend increase iNOS mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PF and ONO-5046 may play a role in attenuating inflammation in LPS-induced ALI and that further study is needed to use these drugs as a new supportive therapeutic strategy for ALI.
Acute Lung Injury* ; Animals ; Cytokines ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Leukocyte Elastase* ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Monocytes ; Neutrophils* ; Nitric Oxide ; Pentoxifylline* ; Prognosis ; Rats ; RNA, Messenger ; Superoxides ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Xanthine

BACKGROUND: International consensus guidelines have recently been developed to improve the assessment and management of asthma. One of the major recommendations of these guidelines is that asthma severity should be assessed through the recognition of key symptoms, such as nocturnal waking, medication requirements, and objective measurements of lung function. Differential classification of asthma severity would lead to major differences in both long term pharmacological management and the treatment of severe exacerbation. METHODS: This study examined the relationship between the symptom score and measurements of FEV1 and PEF when expressed as a percentage of predicted values in asthmatics(n=107). RESULTS: The correlation of FEV1% with PEFR% was highly significant(r=0.83, p<0.01). However, there was agreement in terms of the classification of asthma severity in 76.6% of the paired measurements of FEV1% and PEFR%. Agreement in the classification of asthma severity was also found in 57.1% of the paired analysis of FEV1% and symptom score. 39% of the patients classified as having moderate asthma on the basis of FEV1% recording would be considered to have severe asthma if symptom score alone were used. Low baseline FEV1 and high bronchial responsiveness were associated with a low degree of perception of airway obstruction. CONCLUSION: The relationships between the symptom score, PEFR and FEV1 were generally poor. When assessing asthma severity, age, duration, PC20, and baseline FEV should be considered.
Airway Obstruction ; Asthma* ; Classification ; Consensus ; Humans ; Lung ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate