PURPOSE: This study examined the relationship between the level of activity daily living and powerlessness of spinal cord injury patients'. METHOD: The subjects for the study consisted of 68 persons agreed above twenty below seventy had had spinal cord injury. The data were collected from November 1, 2003 to January 30, 2004. The instruments used for this study were ADL check List and Powerlessness Scale. The data were analysed by using SPSS computerlized program and included number, percentage, t-test and ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient. RESULTS: The mean of activity daily living was paraplegia 49.53+/-10.91 and tetraplegia 25.65+/-13.24. The mean of powerlessness was paraplegia 35.22+/-9.50 and tetraplegia 37.55+/-9.01. In the relationship between activity daily living and powerlessness were significant difference. CONCLUSION: in order to increase the level of activity daily living of rehabilization nurse should be helpful to provide them. Also, it could be identified that informational support was important, that is, the lesser the informational support, spinal cord injury patient don't feel the powerlessness.
Activities of Daily Living ; Humans ; Paraplegia ; Quadriplegia ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*

The Purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Craniosacral therapy(CST) on the chronic headache patients, and the research was used the one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 31 chronic headache patients, who received Craniosacral therapy by once per week for 6 weeks. The data were collected from July 1, 2003 to August 28, 2003. In order toevaluate the effects of craniosacral therapy, Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) for headach intensity, blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration rate, craniosacral rhythm rate, depression and stress perception were measured before and after treatment. The results are as follows : 1) The mean score of intensity of headache (VAS) significantly decreased after each session of Craniosacral therapy(F=86.14, p<.001). 2) The mean score of systolic blood pressure significantly decreased after each session of craniosacral therapy(F=6.99, p<.001), and the mean score of diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased after 3rd session of Craniosacral therapy(t=5.710, p<.001). The means of pulse(F=6.19, p<.001), respiration(F=7.93, p<.001) and craniosacral impulse rate(F=22.84, p<.001) significantly decreased after each session of Craniosacral therapy. 3) The means score of depression significantly decreased after Craniosacral therapy(t=6.627, p<.001) and stress also significantly decreased after Craniosacral therapy(t=5.987, p<.001). Therefore, these results of this study suggest that Craniosacral therapy could be an effective nursing intervention to reduce the intensity of headache.
Blood Pressure ; Depression ; Headache ; Headache Disorders* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Nursing ; Respiratory Rate

The purposes of this study was to determine the effect of exercise in stroke patients and to define to strategy to promote their activity of daily living. decrease to their depression. The experiemental design was designed nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The study method had been done by investigating the experimental group and control group through the questionaire on 60 patients who had been in patient department in D University hospital and K University hospital in Busan from November 5th. 2000 to the end of February 28th. 2001. Exercise was conducted by the researcher and was carried out experimental group once per day for 20 minutes for daily fourteen days. ADL check List tool by Kang and Center of Epideilogic Studies-Depression (CES-D) were used for measurement in this study. The data was analyzed by means of freqency, percentage, mean+/-SD, t-test. chi-square test and ANOVA with SPSS/PC. The results were summarized as follow; 1. The experimental group which received exercise should be higher in activity of daily living than the control group was supported (t=2.70. P=.009) 2. The experimental group which received exercise should be lower in depression than the control group was not support(t = -1.120, P= .267) but experimental group post-pre depression score support(t = 7 .247, P= .000), 3. Factors influencing the activity of daily living measured are payer of medical expenses (F=3.98, P=.018) and complications(t=3.97. P= .056) 4. Factors influencing the depression measured are economic status(F=5.71. P= .009) and caregivers(F=3.09, P= .045). In conclusion, the exercise incresed the activity of daily living and effect on depression of stroke patiens. Based upon these results. it is recommended that the nurses who take care of stroke patients such as exercise.
Activities of Daily Living ; Busan ; Depression* ; Humans ; Stroke*

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of oral vitamin C supplements on blood sugar and serum lipid level (total cholesterol, triglyceride. high density lipoprotein. low density lipoprotein) in non-insulin independent diabetes mellitus. The study design was a non equivalent control group pre-test post-test design. Data for the study were collected from June 24 to August 31. 2001. The ninty-five research subject were assigned to experimental group(51) and control group(44). Vitamin C(3g/day) was given to 51 subjects for 4 weeks. Following a 12h overnight fasting, blood sample was obstaind at baseline and at the end of 4week - supplementation. Blood samples were taken for plasma vitamin C concentration. fasting blood sugar. HbA1c and serum lipid level. The pre-equivalent test was used by Chi-squre, t-test and two group's pre and post experimental differences were analyzed by t-tset to compare with each other. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The difference between the two groups in plasma vitamin C concentration was significant(t=-12.950. p=.000). 2. The difference between the two groups in fasting blood sugar was significant(t=5.293, p=.000). 3. The difference between the two groups in HbA1c was not significant(t=1.758. p= .082). 4. The difference between the two groups in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL was significant (t=3.786. p=.000 ; t=-5.515. p=.000 . t= 4.169. p = .000). These results suggest that megadose vitamin C supplementation be effective in lowering fasting blood sugar. serum lipids and increasing plasma vitamin C. Thus dietary measures to increase plasma vitamin C may be on important health strategy for reducing the compliance of diabetic patients.
Ascorbic Acid* ; Blood Glucose* ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Compliance ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Fasting ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Plasma ; Research Subjects ; Triglycerides ; Vitamins*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the basal bone mineral density(BMD)s of the lumbar spine and femur of patients with endometriosis, and the changes of BMDs and biochemical bone markers after 6 months of gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) agonist treatment. METHODS: The initial BMDs of 35 women with endometriosis were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at department of obstetrics & gynecology Yongsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung Ang University from April 1996 to May 1999. 19 patients of these group was repeatedly measured after 3.6mg subcutaneous depot injection of goserelin(Zoladex) every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. Osteocalcin and Deoxypyridinoline were measured before goserelin treatment, at 3 months, and at 6 months completion of goserelin treatment. RESULTS: Patients with endometriosis did not show the significant difference in mean BMD of lumbar spine and femur in comparison with age matched normal women. Patients treated with goserelin for 6 months showed 0.064+/-0.030g/cm2(5.56%) decrease of BMD in lumbar spine, 0.038+/-0.040g/cm2(3.85%) decrease in femur neck, 0.055+/-0.047g/cm2(6.10%) decrease in Ward triangle, 0.041+/-0.031g/cm2(5.19%) decrease in femoral trochanter. These data had statistical significance(p<0.001). At first 3 months and on completion of 6 months goserelin treatment, there were increase of 66.1%, 122.3% in serum osteocalcin respectively, and increase of 35.2%, 39.6% in urine deoxypyridinoline respectively, compared with pretreatment value. CONCLUSION: From these results, it is concluded that the BMDs of patients with endometriosis were normal, and after 6 months GnRH agonist treatment, bone loss was 3.85%-6.10%, and the values of biochemical bone markers were increased.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density* ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins ; Goserelin ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Obstetrics ; Osteocalcin ; Spine

The several Chinese herbs such as Soon-Ki-Hwal-Hyul-Tang, Bo-Yang-Hwan-O-Tang, Seong-Hyang-Jeong-Ki-San, So-Hap-Hyang-Won and O-Yak-Soon-Ki-San were extracted with water and then lyophilized. For identification of the effect of extracted herbs, they were medicated to 103 patients of cerebrovascular accident for 4 week. They were hospitalized in D-Oriental Medical Hospital from April to August in 1999. The herbs were extracted with water and lyophilized and then, used as samples. The medical history of each patient was detected and analyzed from their medical records. The results were as follows: 1) Each sample (Soon-Ki-Hwal-Hyul-Tang, Bo-Yang-Hwan-O-Tang, Seong-Hyang-Jeong-Ki-San, and O-Yak-Soon-Ki-San) was statistically significant differences of systolic blood pressure(t=4.22, P=0.0004: t=3.44, P=0.0028: t=2.11. P=0.0463: t=3.23, P=0.0052). The statistically significant difference of diastolic blood pressure showed by medicated with Soon-Ki-Hwal-Hyal-Tang, Seong-HyangJeong-Ki-San, and O-Yak-Soon-ki-San(t=2.13, P= 0.0459: t=2.68, P=0.0136: t=3.12, P=0.0066). 2) The statistically significant difference of the arm/leg-ROM showed by medicated with Soon-Ki-Hwal-Hyul-Tang, Bo-Yang-Hwan-O Tang, So-Hap-Hyang-Won(t =4. 74/4. 95, P=0.0002/0.0001: t=2.25/2.44, P=0.0368/0.0248: t=585/6.76, P=0.0001/0.0001). 3) In the verbal disorder, Soon-Ki-Hwal-Hyul-Tang, Bo-Yang-Hwan-O-Tang had statistically significant differences(t=4.50, P=0.0002: t=3.32, P=0.0036) 4) In the conscious disorder, Soon-Ki-HwalHyul-Tang, Bo-Yang-Hwan-O-Tang, Seong-Hyang =-Jeong-Kj-San, and So-Hap-Hyang-Won had statistical1y significant differences(t =6.32, P = 0,0001: t=8.32, P=0.000l: t=3.74, P=0.0012: t=5.14, P=0.0001). 5) Bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC) were cultured in DMEM treating 0.01mg/ml. and 0.1mg/ml of each lyophilized samples for 24 hours, In BAECs were treated by 5 kinds of samples, the effect of So-Hyap-Hyang-Won induced syncytium of adjacent endothelial cells. It may induce the recovering of the damaged blood vessels in cerebrovascular accidental patient by angiogensis of endothelial cells. Therefore, it suggests that the medication of So-Hap-Hyang-Won will help to nursing care for cerebrovascular accidental patients.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Vessels ; Endothelial Cells ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Nursing Care ; Stroke* ; Water

This retrospective descriptive study was conducted to survey the use of alternative therapy by chronicly ill patients. The subject of this study were 205 chronicly ill patients at Pusan National University Hospital. The data for this study were patient record. The data were gathered from August, 1 to September, 30 1998 and analyzed through SPSSWIN program for frequency, percentile and x2-test. The important results of this study are as followings. Of population-sociological characteristics on studied objects, sexual distribution showed a similar percentage male 47.8% and the female 52.2%. Age distribution showed that the 60-69 year old group made up 31.5%, and was the highest. Of religion Buddism was the most frequest. The diagnosis distribution showed cancer at 28.8% and coronary artery disease at 16.1%. According to the results of the study, 51.2% of subjects had used alternative therapy. The most common type of alternative therapy was dietary and nutritional therapy, 40.2%, the place of use, home, 44.0%, duration, less than 3 months, 51.5%. The most common motive was a recommendation by friends or family. The degree of satisfaction after the use of alternative therapy was high for 21.0%, and slight for 53.3%. The reaction after the use of alternative therapy was increasing power for patients with coronary artery disease and cancer, sugar control for those with DM, and pain control for those with chronic arthrits. The study showed that for chronicle ill patients, age, religion, diagnosis name have an important effect on the use of alternative therapy. In conclusion, chronicly ill patients showed high -use of alternative therapy but they did not used alternative therapy as a healing method. Therefore we must provide an education program nurses and physicians. And we must provide more information or healing method's and support chronicly ill patients.
Age Distribution ; Busan ; Chronic Disease ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to show a relationship between health perception and health promoting behaviors in chronic low back pain patients. METHOD: The subjects for this study were 213 persons who the visited hospital with low back pain-related problems. RESULTS: The higher the levelof the health perception in chronic back pain patients was the higher the rate of the practice of health promoting behaviors (r=0.393, p<.001). The health perception T score was 50.00+/-10.00. As for health promoting behaviors, the T score was 49.99+/-10.00. The subscale of the highest mean score was interpersonal support (2.96+/-0.64) and the subscale of the lowest mean score was exercise (2.13+/-0.99). CONCLUSION: This study showed that chronic low back pain patients had a lower level of perception of their health, and their practice to improve their health was not enough. Therefore, nurses should educate and encourage chronic low back pain patients in proper exercises and correct posture to strengthen and maintain lumbar extension muscle power.
Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; *Health Behavior ; *Health Promotion ; Health Status ; Health Status Indicators ; Humans ; Low Back Pain/diagnosis/*psychology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Self Concept

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of 12 weeks of Tai Chi exercise on physical function, stress and depression in middle aged women with osteoarthritis. METHOD: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Forty two participants were assigned to either the experimental group (21) or control group (21). Frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviations, chi-square-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and repeated measured ANOVA with SPSS 12.0/PC program were used to analyzed the collected data. RESULTS: For physical function the physical fitness of the experimental group improved significantly more than the control group: Leg strength, balance, flexibility and grip strength. Difficulty of performing activity had a tendency of decrease. Stress showed a tendency of as time passed but the decrease was not significant. Depression decreased and the change was significant. CONCLUSION: The Tai Chi exercise was effective in improving physical function and reducing the stress and depression of middle aged women with osteoarthritis. Therefore the Tai Chi exercise could be used as a nursing intervention for osteoarthritis in middle aged women.
Depression ; Female ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Leg ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis ; Physical Fitness ; Pliability ; Research Design ; Tai Ji

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infection control among nurses in intensive care units. METHOD: Data were collected from August 15 to October 14, 2007 from 188 nurses working in intensive care units. The nurses answered a 26 item-questionnaire, which included management of the cohort (14 items), hand washing (6 items) and management of the environment (6 items). Descriptive statistics, t or F test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were used with SPSS PC+ 14.0 to analyze the data. RESULTS: The participant's level of awareness of Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infection control was 3.87; that of compliance was 3.74. Significant factors influencing the level of compliance with Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infection control were 'the level of the awareness' and 'the type of intensive care unit'. These two variables accounted for 21.0% of variance for compliance with the Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infection control among the participants. CONCLUSION: In order to develop a strategy to increase the compliance with Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infection control, it is necessary to be concerned about 'the level of the awareness', 'the type of intensive care unit', and 'experiences of caring for patients with Vancomycinresistant enterococcus'.
Cohort Studies ; Compliance ; Enterococcus ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Vancomycin Resistance