Patterns of branches and distribution of right coronary artery in Korean adult hearts were observed at the viewpoint of newly edited Nomina Anatomica, and the results were as follows. Generally the right aortic sinus had one orifice, but sometimes had two orifices which were related to conal branch. The right coronary artery had mural coronary in 17.5% of cases. In the most of the cases, right coronary artery was dominent, and type 4 was most frequent. Descending septal artery was observed in 17.5% of cases. The atrial branches can be grouped as anterior, posterior and left atrial, and each group was composed of one or two branches when present. In 97.5% of cases, intermediate atrial branch was observed. The sinuatrial nodal artery was originated mostly from right coronary artery. The atrioventriclar branch was observed in 7.5% of cases. The ventricular branches can be grouped as right anterior, right posterior and left posterior, and composed of 3-6, 0-2, and 0-4 branches respectively. Right marginal branch showed great variation, and other branch originated from superiorto to it was found to distribute the apex of the heart. Based on the results, the authors depicts typical arrangement of the rignt coronary artery in Korean.
Adult ; Arteries ; Coronary Vessels* ; Heart ; Humans ; Sinus of Valsalva

The tricuspid valve is not a simple but a complex structure, tricuspid valve complex. This complex is composed of tricuspid orifice, annulus, valve leaflet, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. There are flew articles about these structures. The authors studied tricuspid valve complex in 53 cases of normal korean adults, such as circumference of tricuspid annulus, the maximum diameter of the tricuspid orifice, height and breadth of the cusps, including commissures, the ratio of rough to clear zone, the number of scallops of posterior cusp, the number, length and pattern of arrangement of the several types of chordae, the number and morphological characteristics of papillary muscles.
Adult* ; Chordae Tendineae ; Heart* ; Humans ; Papillary Muscles ; Pectinidae ; Tricuspid Valve*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Myofibroma*

No abstract available.
Embryonic Structures* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Embryonic Structures* ; Head* ; Humans* ; Neck*

BACKGROUND: Surgery may have a role when medical treatment alone is not successful in patients with multi-drug resistant (MDR) pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). To document the role of resection in MDR PTB, we analyzed 4 years of our experience. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on thirteen patients that underwent pulmonary resection for MDR PTB between May 1996 and February 2000. All patients had organisms resistant to many of the first-line drugs including isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RFP). RESULTS: The thirteen patients were 37.5±12.4 years old (mean±S.D.)(M:F=5:8), and their sputum was culture positive even with adequate medication for prolonged periods (109.7±132.0 months), resistant to 2-8 drugs including isoniazid and rifampin. All patients had localized lesion(s) and most (92.3%) had cavities. At least 3 sensitive anti-TB medications were started before surgery in all patients according to the drug sensitivity test. The preoperative FE1 was 2.37±0.83 L. Lobectomy was performed in 11 patients and pleuropneumonectomy in two. Postoperative mortality did not occur, but pneumonia occurred as a complication in one (7.7%). After 41.5±58.9 days (range 1~150 days) follow up, negative conversion of sputum culture was achieved in all patients within 5 months. Only one patient (7.7%) recurred 32 months after lung resection. CONCLUSION: When medical treatment alone is not successful, surgical resection can be a good treatment option in patients with localized MDR PTB.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Isoniazid ; Lung ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Retreatment* ; Retrospective Studies ; Rifampin ; Risk Factors* ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

A 46-year-old male patient developed jaundice after 23 days' treatment of propylthiouracil (PTU) for Graves' disease. Serum alkaline phosphatase was elevated markedly with moderate increase in serum aminotransferase, and the peak level of total bilirubin was 7.3 mg/dL. After withdrawal of PTU, serum aminotransferase and bilirubin began to decrease simultaneously, and completely normalized. One week after the discharge from hospital, he received radioiodine treatment for Graves' disease, but he showed aggravation of hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy. So we prescribed methimazole inevitably 16 days' after the radiodiodine treatment. He developed jaundice again after 69 days' treatment of methimazole, but the pattern of hepatotoxicity was slightly different from that of the previous PTU-nduced hepatotoxicity. Serum aminotransferase increased slightly and quickly normalized after discontinuance of methimazole, but serum total bilirubin increased continuously and reached to 24.6 mg/dL. Eosinophilia was prominent and the result of liver biopsy was compatible with cholestatic jaundice. The patient was treated with prednisolone and recovered from jaundice rapidly.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bilirubin ; Biopsy ; Eosinophilia ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Liver ; Male ; Methimazole* ; Middle Aged ; Prednisolone ; Propylthiouracil*

Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) is a frequent sequelae after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, truncus arteriosus, Rastelli and Ross operation. Due to patient growth and conduit degeneration, these conduits have to be changed frequently due to regurgitation or stenosis. However, morbidity is significant in these repeated operations. To prolong conduit longevity, bare-metal stenting in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction has been performed. Stenting the RVOT can reduce the right ventricular pressure and symptomatic improvement, but it causes PR with detrimental effects on the right ventricle function and risks of arrhythmia. Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with pulmonary valve insufficiency, or stenotic RVOTs.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Catheterization ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Longevity ; Pulmonary Atresia ; Pulmonary Valve ; Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency ; Stents ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Truncus Arteriosus ; Ventricular Pressure

Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms are extremely rare in children. Conventional management of pseudoaneurysms in adults has included surgical repair, ultrasound-guided compression, and more recently, endovascular embolization. However, in infants and children, there is little information regarding the applicability of such treatment modalities, which have been effective in adults, because of its rarity. Here, we present the case of a 6-month-old infant who developed a postprocedural pseudoaneurysm of the external iliac artery, which was successfully treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous thrombin injection.
Adult ; Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, False* ; Child ; Humans ; Iliac Artery* ; Infant* ; Thrombin*

Purpose: The pathogenesis of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) without benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men is unclear. In this study, patients with LUTS without BPH were analyzed with a urodynamic study to search for effective treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety nine men with LUTS without BPH were assessed by their medical history, symptom score, uroflowmetry, filling cystometry and a pressure- flow study. The patients were divided into irritating and obstructive symptom groups according to their chief complaints. The urodynamic parameters between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: On urodynamics, 33 (33.3%) patients showed demonstrable evidence of detrusor instability (DI) of whom 10 had a concomitant bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), while 8 had concomitant detrusor underactivity (DU). BOO and DU was identified in 21 (21.2%) and 30 (30.3%) patients, respectively. Of the 61 patients presented with irritating symptoms, DI, BOO and an impaired contractility (IC) was found in 26.3, 13.1, and 13.1% of patients, respectively. Of the 38 patients with obstructive symptoms, DI, BOO and IC was found in 7.1, 8.1, and 17.2%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the irritating symptoms and the presence of DI. CONCLUSIONS: Lower urinary tract symptoms in men are common and often misdiagnosed. This study demonstrated that 84 (84.8%) patients with lower urinary tract symptoms without a benign prostatic hyperplasia had urodynamic abnormalities such as DI, BOO and IC. A urodynamic study may to be useful in establishing a correct diagnosis and launching the appropriate therapy.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Male ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urodynamics*