No abstract available.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured* ; Cerebral Veins* ; Veins*

One hundred eighty infants with oxygen therapy who were under 2,500gm birth weight or under 37 weeks of gestational age, were examined between January 1990 and November 1992. We performed clnical analysis and results were as follows. 1) Fifty six infants (31.1%) were diagnosed as retinopathy of prematurity. 2) The first examination was performed at 2.5 weeks of life on average, and the retinopathy of prematurity was diagnosed at 3.8 weeks on average. 3) The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity was highly associated with low birth weight (< or =1,890 gm), low gestational age ( < or =33.1 weeks), and high oxygen concentration with long duration (FiO2> or =0.4 over 1 week)(P<0.005). 4) Other associated risk factors were idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, anemia, neonatal hypoxia and sepsis.
Anemia, Neonatal ; Anoxia ; Birth Weight ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Oxygen ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis

PURPOSE: Optic disc harmatoma is usually seen in tuberous sclerosis patients, but, it may be seen in otherwise normal people. Visual acuity is usually not affected by this lesion. METHODS: We experienced a 40-year-old woman with optic disc hamartoma who presented with acute visual defect. With oral triamcinolone 48mg/day, her visions recovered to normal in 2 weeks. RESULTS: Her age, symptom, and course of disease supported the diagnosis of optic neuritis. CONCLUSION: We report this patient as a case of optic disc hamartoma combined with optic neuritis.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Optic Neuritis* ; Triamcinolone ; Tuberous Sclerosis ; Visual Acuity

Tangential vitreoretinal traction around fovea is known to be the principal cause in the pathogenesis of idiopathic macular holes. According to the recent study, the internal limiting membrane(ILM) may provide a scaffold for fibroblast proliferation and contraction, therefore play an important role in the enlargement of macular hole. We removed the ILM during macular hole surgery and assessed the anatomical and functional outcome of the macular hole surgery. Twelve consecutive patients with full-thickness macular hole were enrolled in this study. They were examed for best-corrected vision, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, Humphrey automated perimetry, focal eletroretinogram, before and after surgery. After surgery, vision was improved in 8 eyes(67%), hole was closed in 10 eyes(83%). Macular thresholds on visual field was increased in 8 eyes and peripheral scotomas developed in 3 eyes postoperatively. The amplitude increased in 7 eyes and the implicit time decreased in 8 eyes on focal electroretinograms postoperatively. Out results suggested that the complete removal of ILM should be attempted to improve vision and to close holes during the full-thickness macular hole surgery.
Fibroblasts ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Membranes* ; Photography ; Retinal Perforations* ; Scotoma ; Traction ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

A synophthalmia, another form of cyclopia, in which the element of the two eyes are partially fused to form an apparently single eye in the middle of the forehead. The synophthalmia is a result of complex, neural plate misdevelopment syndrome involving the eye, brain, skull and face. It is well known that synophthalmia is due to heterogenous causes, most of which chromosomal imbalances. We experienced a case of synophthalmia associated with proboscis, alobar holoprosencephaly and chromosomal anomaly 46, XX, -15,t (15 q, 21 q). Diagnosis was confirmed by brain MRI and autopsy, The patient died about 20 hours of age and autopsy was done. A brief review of the literatures was also presented.
Autopsy ; Brain ; Diagnosis ; Forehead ; Holoprosencephaly ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neural Plate ; Skull

Submacular hemorrhage from various causes induces the irreversible damage to the retina, leading to poor visual outcome. Surgery for removal of submacular hemorrhage was performed but the general results were not satisfactory in spite of better surgical technique. We took this study to identify the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal injection of tissue plasminogen activator(tPA) and SF6 for displacement of submacular hemorrahge. Thirteen patients who have submacular hemorrhage had undergone intravitreal injection of tPA and SF6 and positioned face down for about 1 week. Postoperative complication, best corrected visual acuity, final visual acuity, amount of displacement related to the duration of submacular hemorrhage and causal diseases were checked retrospectively. The average age of the patients was 64. Six eyes(46.2%) improved visual acuity by 2 lines or more, and 2 eyes(15.4%) lost visual acuity 2 lines or more. Complications included vitreous hemorrhage in 2 eyes, increased intraocular pressure in 2 eyes. Causes were trauma in 3 eyes and age-related macular degeneration in 10 eyes. The final visual results after 5 months or longer were related with macular lesion. Complete displacement was achieved in 10 eyes, partial displacement in 4 eyes at 1 month. The authors concluded that brief prone position after intravitreal injection of tPA and SF6 is rapid and effective method for displacement of submacular hemorrhage.
Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections* ; Macular Degeneration ; Plasminogen ; Postoperative Complications ; Prone Position ; Retina ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

No abstract available.
Goldenhar Syndrome*

The unilateral megalencephaly is a rare brain malformation characterized by cerebral asymmetry and cortical dysplasia caused by faulty migration of the subependymal neuroblasts. We experienced a case of unilateral megalencephaly in a two day-old male with the chief complaint of asymmetric head appearance. Large left hemisphere with agyria, pachygyria, dilatation of lateral ventricle, and the thick cortex of the ipsilateral hemisphere were showed in brain MRL, Clinical findings in this case were intractable seizure, hemiparesis, and psychomotor retardation. A review of literatures was also presented briefly.
Brain ; Dilatation ; Head ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; Lissencephaly ; Male ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Paresis ; Seizures

OBJECTIVE: Transpedicular screw fixation has some disadvantages such as postoperative back pain through wide muscle dissection, long operative time, and cephalad adjacent segmental degeneration (ASD). The purposes of this study are investigation and comparison of radiological and clinical results between interspinous fusion device (IFD) and pedicle screw. METHODS: From Jan. 2008 to Aug. 2009, 40 patients underwent spinal fusion with IFD combined with posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). In same study period, 36 patients underwent spinal fusion with pedicle screw fixation as control group. Dynamic lateral radiographs, visual analogue scale (VAS), and Korean version of the Oswestry disability index (K-ODI) scores were evaluated in both groups. RESULTS: The lumbar spine diseases in the IFD group were as followings; spinal stenosis in 26, degenerative spondylolisthesis in 12, and intervertebral disc herniation in 2. The mean follow up period was 14.24 months (range; 12 to 22 months) in the IFD group and 18.3 months (range; 12 to 28 months) in pedicle screw group. The mean VAS scores was preoperatively 7.16+/-2.1 and 8.03+/-2.3 in the IFD and pedicle screw groups, respectively, and improved postoperatively to 1.3+/-2.9 and 1.2+/-3.2 in 1-year follow ups (p<0.05). The K-ODI was decreased significantly in an equal amount in both groups one year postoperatively (p<0.05). The statistics revealed a higher incidence of ASD in pedicle screw group than the IFD group (p=0.029). CONCLUSION: Posterior IFD has several advantages over the pedicle screw fixation in terms of skin incision, muscle dissection and short operative time and less intraoperative estimated blood loss. The IFD with PLIF may be a favorable technique to replace the pedicle screw fixation in selective case.
Back Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intervertebral Disc ; Muscles ; Operative Time ; Skin ; Spinal Fusion ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis

It has been reported that the cause of the bacterial endophthalmitis following cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation was G(+) organisms in most cases. However, the endophthalmitis caused by G(-) organisms has worse prognosis than that by G(+)organisms. We experienced a case of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endophthalmitis which has not yet been reported in Korea. A 77-year-old female presented with blurred vision, conjunctival injection and ocular pain 5 days after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. Ocular findings such as corneal edema, hypopyon and thick posterior capsular opacity were consistent with infectious endophthalmitis. Culture of vitreous aspirate isolated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 15 days after cataract extraction.
Aged ; Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Corneal Edema ; Endophthalmitis* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Prognosis ; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia* ; Stenotrophomonas*