The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of diabetes education program on Glucose Metabolism(blood sugar. HbAlc) and Lipid Metabolism(total cholesterol. triglyceride. low density lipoprotein. high density lipoprotein). Self-efficacy in non-insulin independent diabetes mellitus. The study design was a non equivalent control group pre-test post-test design. Data for the study were collected from March 12 to June 19, 2001. Sixty-two research subjects were assigned to experimental (36) and control (26) groups. The collected data was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. t-test by spsswin program The results are as follows: 1. Experimental group had higher level of glucose metabolism than control group(FBS: t=-3.317. p=.002. HbAlc: t=-4.956. p=.000). 2. Level of lipid metabolism were partly a significant different between experimental group and control group(Triglyceride: t=-2.108. p=.039). 3. Experimental group had higher efficacy score than control group(t=4.651. p=.000). In conclusion. the study supported the effects of diabetes education program to increase metabolism and self-efficacy. Further study with a longitudinal design is suggested to verify the effect of diabetes education program in NIDDM and standardized diabetes education program.
Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Education* ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism* ; Lipoproteins ; Metabolism* ; Research Subjects ; Triglycerides

The periosteum provides a good cell source for bone formation because it possesses osteoprogenitors. In this study, the osteogenic activity of the rabbit periosteum and periosteal cells was investigated. The periosteum was harvested from the long bone surface of New Zealand White rabbits. The periosteal cells were isolated from the periosteum and expanded. In vitro examination, the morphological changes, mineralization, and osteogenicity of the periosteal cells were evaluated. The amount of osteocalcin released was measured to check the maximal activity of the cells. The periosteum and periosteal cells-scaffold composites were transplanted into athymic mice to observe the in vivo bone formation. Radiological and histological changes were checked every 2 weeks. The isolated periosteal cells were uniformly proliferated in a monolayer culture, and mineral deposition was confirmed after 10 weeks. The osteogenic markers such as osteopontin, osteonectin, type I collagen, and alkaline phosphatase were expressed from the periosteal cells after 2 weeks. Osteocalcin was expressed after 3 weeks and was maximally expressed at 4 weeks. In 3-dimensional culture, the periosteal cells were well adhered and proliferated on the poly L-lactic-co-glycolic acid scaffold. The periosteal cells-scaffold composite transplant produced of osteoid without calcification in vivo. Radiological examination showed minimal changes of bone formation during the experimental period. However, the periosteum transplant was converted to a cartilaginous structure at 2 weeks, bony calcification after 4 weeks, and complete bony trabecula and marrow space formation at 12 weeks. The radiological bone density also increased during the experimental period. The periosteum may be one of good cell sources for osseous tissue engineering. Engineered periosteal cells may be used for the treatment of nonunion, osteolysis, avascular necrosis and fusion of the spine.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Marrow ; Collagen Type I ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Necrosis ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis ; Osteolysis ; Osteonectin ; Osteopontin ; Periosteum* ; Rabbits ; Spine ; Tissue Engineering

No abstract available.
Infarction* ; Retrospective Studies*

Background: Swallowing function deterioration is a common problem experienced by older adults worldwide. Many studies have been conducted to improve swallowing function in older adults; however, due to differences in intervention methods and study designs, it is difficult to draw a common conclusion. This study aimed to analyze trends and intervention methods in studies of swallowing function intervention for older adults conducted from 2010 to 2022, to establish a systematic approach for developing interventions to improve swallowing function in older adults and to provide evidence for this approach. Methods: Literature research was conducted for studies published between 2010 and 2022 that applied to swallow function interventions to adults aged 60 years or older. Databases including PubMed, Medline, RISS, Science On, KISS, and KCI were used. From a total of 1,164 articles searched using keywords, 20 articles were selected for final analysis. Results: The number of published articles steadily increased over time, and the intervention period was most commonly 6 or 8 weeks. The types of interventions included focused exercises to improve oral muscle strength in 12 articles and programs incorporating education, practice, and expert management in 8 articles. Among the focused exercises, tongue-strengthening exercises were most common in 4 articles. The evaluation variables for intervention effects were muscle strength evaluation, oral function evaluation, quality of life, and oral health and hygiene status. Muscle strength and oral function evaluations were statistically significant in focused exercise interventions, while the quality of life and oral health and hygiene status was significant in program interventions. Conclusion This literature review is meaningful as a study that can be used to select the intervention period and program contents when planning an elderly swallowing intervention program.

Rarely, two different histological types of lymphoma develop in the same person. Sequential lymphoma is defined as two different types of lymphoma occurring in the same person sequentially. A 47-year-old patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who had been diagnosed with mixed cellularity Hodgkin's lymphoma was treated with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine combination chemotherapy. After six cycles of chemotherapy, abdominal computed tomography showed multiple liver masses. A percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver and polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism revealed hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma. The patient died 3 months after the diagnosis of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of the sequential development of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma after Hodgkin's lymphoma in a Korean HIV-infected patient.
Biopsy, Needle ; Bleomycin ; Dacarbazine ; Diagnosis ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; HIV ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vinblastine

PURPOSE: The authors analyzed how the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) findings of patients with major depression differ from the normal control, and our results were compared to previous reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for major depression who were off all psychotropic medications for >4weeks (male: 7, female: 5, age range: 19~52 years, average age: 29.3+/-9.9 years) and 14 normal volunteers (male: 8, female: 6, age range: 19~53 years, average age: 31.4+/-9.2 years) were recruited. Images of brain perfusion SPECT were obtained using Tc-99m ECD and patterns of the rCBF were compared between patients with major depression and the healthy control subjects. RESULTS: The patients with major depression showed increase of the r-CBF in right lingual gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, left lingual gyrus, left precuneus, and left superior temporal gyrus, and showed decrease of r-CBF in right pons, left medial frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus of left limbic lobe, cingulate gyrus of right frontal lobe, and cingulate gyrus of right limbic lobe compared to the normal control. CONCLUSION: The Tc-99m ECD brain perfusion SPECT findings in our study did not differ from the previously reported regional cerebral blood flow pattern of patients with major depression. Especially, decreased rCBF pattern typical to major depression patients in the right pons, left medial frontal gyrus, and cingulate regions was clearly demonstrated.
Brain ; Cysteine ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Frontal Lobe ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Humans ; Organotechnetium Compounds ; Perfusion ; Pons ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the expression of chemokine receptors in human ovarian cancer to understand the role of chemokines in ovarian cancer development and metastasis. METHODS: Twenty-two cases of epithelial ovarian cancer were studied for expression of 13 chemokine receptors such as CXCR1-CXCR5 and CCR1-CCR8 by using semi- quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, we studied the relationship between the chemokine receptors expression and lymph nodes metastasis of ovarian cancers. RESULTS: As compared with normal ovarian tissues, ovarian cancer tissues showed higher mean expression levels of CCR1,3,4,5,7,8 and CXCR1,3,4. Of chemokine receptors, CCR7 revealed the significantly higher levels of expression in ovarian cancer tissues relative to normal tissues. In the cases of retroperitoneal lymph nodes metastasis, increased expression of CCR2,4 and CXCR 1,3,4 was observed although there was no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that there is a complex chemokine/chemokine receptor network in pathogenesis and the way of lymph node metastasis of ovarian cancer rather than a specific chemokine or chemokine receptor.
Chemokines ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Receptors, Chemokine*

Causes of syncope are manifold. Hypersensitive carotid sinus reflex is a cause of syncope and other bradycardia symptoms. Rarely, maxillary neoplasms can cause carotid sinus syncope. The authors identified a case of carotid sinus syncope by maxillary neoplasm accompanied by vasovagal syncope.
Bradycardia ; Carotid Sinus ; Maxillary Neoplasms ; Reflex ; Syncope ; Syncope, Vasovagal

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is an autosomal dominant disorder that is characterized by cutaneous lesions, seizures, mental retardation and hamartomas in various organs including the skin, kidney and brain. Pulmonary involvement is extremely rare, and occurs in approximately 0.1 to 1% of TS cases. Recent reports have indicated multiple micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MMPH) as another rare form of pulmonary involvement of tuberous sclerosis. We report a case of a 35 year-old-male patient who had no pulmonary symptoms but showed multinodular pulmonary shadows on his chest CT scan. The patient was finally diagnosed with TS with MMPH of the lung. MMPH does not appear to have any malignant potential but the clinical significance of MMPH in TS patients is unknown.(Tuberc Respir Dis 2008;64:369-373)
Brain ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Intellectual Disability ; Kidney ; Lung ; Pneumocytes ; Seizures ; Skin ; Thorax ; Tuberous Sclerosis

Maffucci syndrome is a rare congenital non-inherited condition characterized by multiple enchondromas and cutaneous hemangiomas. It is associated with increased risk of malignancy, including chondrosarcomas, and because of generalized mesodermal dysplasia, aneurysms can develop. We present a case of Maffucci syndrome associated with intracranial chondrosarcoma and aneurysm.
Aneurysm* ; Chondroma ; Chondrosarcoma* ; Enchondromatosis ; Hemangioma ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Mesoderm