BACKGROUND: It has been well known that patients with diabetes mellitus are prone to cutaneous infections, but whether superficial mycoses are truly more prevalent in diabetic patients is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the true prevalence of superficial mycoses in diabetic patients as comparing with non-diabetic, non-immunocompromised individuals. METHODS: We examined for evidence of superficial fungal disease in 137 diabetic patients and compared it with 146 non-diabetic non-immunocompromised ones. Potassium hydroxide preparations and fungus cultures were performed from all suspected lesions. RESULTS: Superficial mycoses were more common in diabetic patients(50%) than controls(31%) (p=0.0004), especially in the age group of 4th and 5th decades9p=0.011). The duration of diabetes mallitus or blood sugar levels were not significantly correlated with the prevalence of superficial mycoses.The organism most commonly isolated was Trichophyton rubrum in both groups(53% vs 79%) and Candida albicans was more prevalent in diabetic patients(34% vs 7%). More than 2 kinds of superficial mycoses were mose common in diabetic patients than controls(38% vs 16%). CONCLUSION: This study shows that the prevalence rate of superficial mycoses in diabetic patients is higher than that in controls and the in controls and the duration of diabetes mellitus or blood sugar levels were not significantly correlated with it.
Blood Glucose ; Candida albicans ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fungi ; Humans ; Mycoses* ; Potassium ; Prevalence ; Trichophyton

The purpose of this study are to delineate the temporal and spatial changes of bone mineralization at the distraction gap and adjacent parent bone, and to investigate the effect of microaxial dynamization on regenerate bone healing and on development of regional osteopenia at the adjacent parent bone, during callotasis. Sixteen Korean adult mongrel dogs underwent bilateral tibial lengthening by callotasis. To the right hindlimbs, no dynamization was applied and served as control group (group I, and axial elastic dynamization was conffered to the left hindlimbs (group II). Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured by dual X-ray absorptionmetry(DXA) at immediate post-operative day, post-operative 12 day, 22 day, 36 day, 50 day, 65 day, and 85 day. Quantitative computed tomogram(Q-CT) was also taken after sacrifice to analyze temporal changes of mineralization pattern in the distraction gap. The following results were obtained; 1. In both group I and II, the BMD was lowest at the interzone in the distraction gap and increased linearly toward the corticotomy surface. This pattern did not change with time until the consolidation of the distraction gap, but the difference of BMD between the interzone and adjacent parent bone decreased with progress of consolidation. 2. During the distraction period, BMD increased progressively at the distraction gap and adjacent parent bone in both group I and II. During consolidation period, although BMD of the distraction gap still increased progressively, that of the adjacent parent bone decreased progressively in group I; the more distant from the corticotomy surface, the more decreased the relative BMD. in group II, the decrease in BMD of the adjacent parent bone was less than that in group I which was statistically significant in mid-consolidation period. In conclusion, the new bone in the distraction gap during callotasis appeared to form in bilateral direction with linear gradient from interzone toward corticotomy surface. Dynamization during callotasis not only stimulated regenerate bone healing in the distraction gap, but also prevented the occurrence of transient regional osteopenia at the distant part of the adjacent bone during midconsolidation period.
Adult ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Dogs ; Hindlimb ; Humans ; Miners ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Parents ; Tibia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether intravenous injection of the zoledronic acid could promote osseointegration of the porous implant inserted into the rabbit medullary cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rabbit intramedullary osseointegration model was used. A specially designed porous nitinol implant (Bio-Smart, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea) was inserted in the right distal femur of twenty six rabbits. They were randomized into the control or the experimental groups. In the control group, an intravenous injection of normal saline 2 ml/kg (Daihan Pharm, Seoul, Korea) was given at the end of the operation. In the experimental group, an intravenous injection of zoledronic acid 0.1 mg/kg (AclastaG(R) 2 ml/kg, Norvatis, Stein, Switzerland) was given at the end of the operation. Six weeks later, all animals were sacrificed and undecalcified histologic sections were prepared. Then, histomorphometric measurement of bone affinity index (%) and bone ingrowth area rate (%) was carried out. RESULTS: Six rabbits were excluded due to death and wound infection. Nine rabbits in the control group and eleven rabbits in the experimental group were included for the analysis. The bone affinity indices were 19.9+/-7.9% in the control group, and 28.4+/-7.2% in the experimental group. Although there was no statistical significance (p=0.056), the bone affinity index of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The bone ingrowth area rates were 8.7+/-3.7% in the control group, and 12.1+/-4.1% in the experimental group (p=0.046), indicating zoledronic acid had an positive effect on the promotion of bone ingrowth into the porous implant. CONCLUSION: In our rabbit intramedullary osseointegration model, intravenous injection of the zoledronic acid promoted early osseointegration of the porous implant. Zoledronic acid might be useful to promote the early osseointegration of the joint replacement implants.
Alloys ; Animals ; Diphosphonates ; Femur ; Imidazoles ; Injections, Intravenous ; Joints ; Osseointegration ; Rabbits ; Wound Infection

BACKGROUND: To assess the current level of development of emergency medicine (EM) systems in Asia. METHOD: Survey of EM professionals from 12 Asian countries during a 90-day period from August to November 1998. 12 EM professionals from 12 Asian countries completed the survey. All participants were physicians. 7 participants (58%) gave presentations at an international EM conference during the study period. Respondents completed a 103 question questionnaire about the status of EM specialty, academic, patient care, information and management systems and the factors influencing the future of EM in their countries. RESULTS: 92% of respondents stated that their countries have hospital-based emergency departments (ED). More than 80% of respondents reported that their countries have EMS systems and ED systems for trauma care and patient transfer. More than 70% stated that their countries have national EM organizations, EM research, national EMS activation phone numbers, ED systems for pediatric emergency care, emergency physician (EP) training in ACLS and ATLS and peer review. More than 60% reported official recognition of EM as an independent specialty status, ED triage systems and systems for customer service. More than 50% reported EM residency training programs, EM journals and EP ability to perform rapid sequence intubation (RSI). 50% reported EP ability to perform thrombolysis for acute MI and 33% reported EP ultrasonography. 92% felt that a lack of funding posed a moderate or great obstacle to the future development of EM in their countries. CONCLUSION: Many essential systems of EM now exist throughout Asia. In the systems of administration and emergency medical information in many countries, there are some parts to be developed further.
Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medicine* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Financial Management ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Intubation ; Patient Care ; Patient Transfer ; Peer Review ; Triage ; Ultrasonography

Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) can be caused by bacteria entering the liver via the portal vein or primary bacteremia, or it can be cryptogenic. Recently, Klebsiella pneumoniae has been increasingly found as a PLA pathogen. PLA due to this bacterium often leads to formation of extrahepatic abscesses. The treatment of choice is dual therapy with insertion of percutaneous catheter drainage and antibiotic therapy. We report 2 cases of PLA due to K. pneumoniae in immunocompetent children. We successfully treated patient 1 with percutaneous catheter drainage for 18 days and 6-week course of antibiotic therapy. Patient 2 was treated with percutaneous needle aspiration and antibiotic therapy for the same period. In both patients, the PLAs showed the ultrasound-confirmed resolutions after the dual therapy.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteremia ; Bacteria ; Catheters ; Child ; Drainage ; Humans ; Immunocompetence ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Klebsiella ; Liver ; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic ; Needles ; Pneumonia ; Portal Vein

In order to examine whether microdeletions on the Y chromosome exist or not and observe the aspects of expression of DAZ which is suggested to be essential in spermatogenesis in testicular tissue, tissues of 21 patients with azospermia were analyzed by using PCR methods and reverse transcription-PCR. The primers used for the analysis of the microdeletions on the Y chromosome were gene-specific. According to the results of the PCR with genomic DNA of the peripheral blood extracted from each patient, of the 21 men with azospermia 2 displayed microdeletions of the DAZ gene in the Y chromosome but none of HSP70A and HSP70B. And the reverse transcription-PCR of the RNA extracted from the testicular tissue of the patients gave results which found no amplified products of the mRNA of DAZ in the patients with microdeletions of that gene as expected, and confirmed patterns of expression of the mRNA of HSP70B in 5 whereas none could be seen with regard to HSP70A. Furthermore, the sperm of these 5 men were discovered t In accordance with the results previously described, one can see that the microdeletions of DAZ are associated with spermatogenesis and contemplate that HSP70B plays an important part in the maturation process of sperm. But it is considered that there is no correlation between the genes DAZ and HSP and since factors associated with the process of spermatogenesis are being continously discovered more studies on this should be advanced.
Azoospermia ; DNA ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa ; Y Chromosome

BACKGROUND: Amorolfine is a new topical antifungal drug of the morpholine class has broad spectrum fungicidal activity. Amorolfine nail lacquer 5% is a transungual delivery system which can penetrate well through the nail plate to the infected keratin and remain there for a prolonged period. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and tolerability of 5% amorolfine nail lacquer given once weekly to the patients with onychomycosis. METHODS: 29 patients with onychomycosis affecting not more than 80% of the surface of nail were treated once weekly for up to 9 months with amorolfine nail lacquer 5%. Clinical and mycological examination were performed before treatment and 3, 6, 9 months after start of treatment. Final evaluation was done 3 months after the end of treatment. RESULTS: Average affected area(%) and average score of clinical signs-thickening, splitting, discoloration-were significantly decreased 3 months after start of treatment. Mycological cure rate was continuously increased according to the treatment duration reaching 75.9% at 3 months after treatment. Overall efficacy assessed by the investgators were cure in 31.0% and improvement in 41.4%. Tolerability, mode and frequency of treatment, and formulation were evaluated as good or excellent by most of the patients.No systemic or local side effect was observed. CONCLUSION: Amorolfine nail lacquer 5% used once weekly up to 9 months was relatively effective and safe for the treatment of onychomycosis.
Fingers* ; Humans ; Lacquer* ; Onychomycosis* ; Toes*

PURPOSE: We compared visible blood loss and calculated blood loss after bipolar hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fracture, and evaluated correlation between blood loss and its risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 356 patients who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fracture between 2004 and 2010 were enrolled in this study. The total blood loss was calculated using the formula reported by Mercuiali and Brecher. We analyzed several factors, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), anesthesia method, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, preoperative anemia, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, use of cement, and use of antithrombotic agents. RESULTS: Total calculated blood loss(1,408+/-72 ml) differed significantly from visible blood loss(980+/-102 ml). In addition, calculated blood loss differed between risk factors(1,526+/-369 ml in cardiovascular disease, 1,588+/-279 ml in general anesthesia, 1,645+/-920 ml in obesity, and 1,605+/-439 ml in use of antithrombotic agents). CONCLUSION: Total calculated blood loss was much greater than visible blood loss. Patients with risk factors such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, use of antithrombotic agents, and general anesthesia should be treated with care in order to reduce blood loss.
Anemia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Humans ; Obesity ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Echocardiography ; Thrombosis

Impaction of an ingested foreign body in the colon is uncommon but surgical or endoscopic intervention is occasionally needed when serious complications such as perforation, obstruction or hemorrhage occur. Several factors may predispose a patient to ingestion and subsequent impaction of lower intestinal foreign body. It is more common in the elderly who wear dentures, in the mentally infirm, in chronic alcoholics or rapid eating. The majority of impaction occurs at narrowing and angulation such as ileocecal valve or rectosigmoid junction. The diagnosis of lower intestinal foreign body should be considered, among more common conditions, in the differential diagnosis of elderly patients who present with altered bowel habits. We report the case with a literature review that successfully endoscopically removed the fish bones impacted in the rectosigmoid colon complicated by rectal bleeding.
Aged ; Alcoholics ; Colon* ; Dentures ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eating ; Foreign Bodies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ileocecal Valve