It is assumed that the frequency of the meniscus tear on the right and the left knee and the mechnism of injuries in westerners are different from those in easterners. The writer had experienced 32 cases of the meniscus tear in National Police Hospital, during the period from 1973 to 1977, and inquired into its frequency and cause based on appropriate references. This is the report on the result of our study. 1. Out of 32 cases, 21 cases were found in the group of 20 to 29 years of age. 2. Eleven years of age with a discoid type was noticed as the youngest. 3. Out of 32 cases, 20 cases were found on the lateral meniscus and 12 on the medial, showing every five lateral cases to every three medial cases. 4. Out of 32 cases, 17 cases were found on the right knee joint with 14 lateral and 15 on the left knee joint with 9 medial. 5. Out of 32 cases, 27 cases were found on the male and 5 on the female, showing 5. 4 male cases to every one female case. 6. Out of 32 cases, 29 cases had the apparent history of trauma. 7. Transverse tear was found more frequent on the lateral meniscus and longitudinal or bucket handle tear was found more frequent on the medial meniscus.
Clinical Study ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; Police ; Tears

No abstract available.
Sarcoma, Ewing

No abstract available.
Down Syndrome* ; Granulocyte Precursor Cells* ; Leukemia*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Compressed Air* ; Mouth* ; Rupture*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the postoperative changes occurring in the patellar tendon after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using the central one-third of the patellar tendon together with patellar and tibial bony plugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients with ACL injury underwent sagittal and coronal T1-weighted MR imaging of both postoperative and normal knee joints. In all cases, reconstruction of the ACL was performed using the central one-third of the patellar tendon, together with patellar and tibial bony plugs. During the follow-up period of 6-27 months, patient were clinically stable. We compared the length, signal intensity and contour of both patellar tendons, as seen on MR images. RESULTS: No defects was found in harvested patellar tendons, and MR images showed high signal intensity within harvested tendons in six of the ten patients. In seven of ten, patellar tendons had irregular margins and were poorly delineated from adjacent tissue. The mean length of patellar tendons was 44.2+/-2.9 mm in normal knee and 43.9+/-3.1mm in postoperative knee, while their mean thickness in postoperative knee, measured at mid-portion, averaged 4.3+/-1.2 mm. There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). The greatest mean thickness of patellar tendon was 6.9+/-1.2 mm and 4.3+/-0.5mm in normal and postoperative knee, respectively. Thus, on average, postoperative patellar tendon was 161% thicker than normal tendon (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In clinically stable patients, patellar tendons after graft harvesting had a higher signal intensity, worse-defined margins and a greater thickness than normal. We suggest that these are the normal postoperative findings.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Autografts* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Patellar Ligament* ; Tendons ; Transplants

PURPOSE: Most of recent MR imagings of cerebral cortex activation have been performed by using high field magnet above 2-T or echo-planar imaging technique. We report our experience on imaging of cerebral cortex activation with a widely available standard 1.5-T MR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Series of gradient-echo images (TR/TE/flip angle :80/60/40 degrees64 x 128 matrix) were acquired alternatively during the periods of rest and task in five normal volunteers. Finger movement (n=10 ;5 right, 5 left) and flashing photic stimulation (n=l) were used as a motor task and a visual task to activate the motor cortex and visual cortex, respectively. Activation images were obtained by subtracting sum of rest images from that of task images. Changes of signal intensity were analyzed over the periods of rest and task. RESULTS: Activation images were obtained in all cases. Changes of signal intensity between rest and task periods were 6.5-14.6%(mean, 10.5%) in the motor cortex and 4.2% in the visual cortex. CONCLUSION: Functional imaging of cerebral cortex activation could be performed with a widely available 1.5-T MR. Widespread applications of this technique to basic and clinical neuroscience are expected.
Cerebral Cortex* ; Echo-Planar Imaging ; Fingers ; Healthy Volunteers ; Motor Cortex ; Neurosciences ; Photic Stimulation ; Visual Cortex

The recent progress in the basic knowledge of basal ganglia pathways and advances in the techniques of the neuroimaging studies enabled subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS). In Korea, more than three hundreds and fifty patients with PD have been treated with STN DBS since the first trial at March 2000. STN DBS effectively improves all parkinsonian deficits occurring especially during levodopa 'off' period and decreases the daily 'off' time. The daily requirement of levodopa dosage can be reduced to about half of the preoperative one. The favorable responses to the STN DBS can be maintained even after five years. However, parkinsonian deficits during levodopa 'on' period can not be controlled as effectively as those during the levodopa 'off' period. The axial symptoms including gait disturbance and postural instability during the levodopa 'on' period cannot be improved or even are worsen by STN DBS. Patients aged over 70 frequently show less remarkable improvement of parkinsonian deficits than the younger ones. Therefore, selection of appropriate candidate for STN DBS is the most important factor deciding the outcome of the STN DBS.
Basal Ganglia ; Deep Brain Stimulation* ; Gait ; Humans ; Korea ; Levodopa ; Neuroimaging ; Parkinson Disease* ; Subthalamic Nucleus

The author has studied 33 cases of Korean embryos of Carnegie stage 11 ~23 and 18 cases of fetuses to demonstrate the development of the hip joint. The external feature of the lower extremity was observed by stereoscope and digital camera, and the internal structures were studied by light microscopic observation. The results obtained were as follows: In stage 13 lowerlimb buds were appeared. In stage 17 mesenchymal condensation for femur and hip bone, and one -layered interzone were observed. In stage 18 cartilage models for ilium and ischium were visible. In stage 22 three -layered interzone between the head of femur and hip bone was formed. In stage 23 acetabular labrum and distinct three -layered interzone was visible. In the 9th weeks mesenchymal ligamentum capitis femoris and transverse acetabular ligament are appeared, and acetabular labrum was reacted tracely to trichrome stain. In the 10th week the joint space was formed between the femoral head and hip bone, and shallow depression in acetabulum is found. In the 12th week the articular capsule was directed lateral to acetabular labrum, and numerous blood vessels were found in acetabular fossa and ligamentum capitis femoris, and cartilage canal were developed in femoral neck. In the 14th week cartilage canal was found in middle of femoral head, and synovial fold were developed, and ligamentum capitis femoris was shown strongly positive reaction. In the 16th week cartilage canals were more found, and numerous blood vessels were observed in fovea capitis. In the 18nd week the neck of femur was narrow, and femoral head was lied deeply in acetabulum with acetabular labrum. Consequently the lower extremity of Korean embryos and fetuses was first appeared in stage 13, and hip joint development was started at stage 17. The articular cavity was first formed at the 9th week of development, the acetabulum labrum was developed at stage 23. The mesenchymal ligamentum capitis femoris was appeared at the 9th week. At the same time the transverse acetabular ligament fully encircled the femoral head. The articular capsule has lined the articular cavity at the 12th week, and synovium was formed at the 14th week of development. At the 18th week the hip joint has attained its final shape.
Acetabulum ; Blood Vessels ; Cartilage ; Depression ; Embryonic Structures* ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Fetus* ; Head ; Hip Joint* ; Hip* ; Humans* ; Ilium ; Ischium ; Joint Capsule ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Lower Extremity ; Neck ; Synovial Membrane

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to evaluate correlation between the levels of hippuric acid in blood plasma (HAP) and those of toluene concentration in the workplace air. METHODS: Study subjects were composed of two groups; 21 workers who were occupationally exposed to toluene and 25 rural-area residents who were not exposed to any known occupational toluene source, as an exposed group and a reference group, respectively. Mean age and work duration of the exposed was 42 years and five years, respectively. Mean age of the reference was 42 years. To determine toluene concentrations in the workplace air, air sampling has been conducted for more than six hours using a personal sampler, and analyzed by a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Concentrations of hippuric acid in biological samples were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector. RESULTS: Geometric mean(geometric standard deviation) of HAP and hippuric acid in urine(HAU) for the exposed was 1.39(2.21) mg/L and 2.77(1.46) g/L, respectively, which were significantly different from those of the reference [HAP, 0.45(2.94); HAU, 0.37(0.45)]. Toluene concentration in the workplace air was 86.92(range: 45.18~151.23) ppm. The level of HAP or HAU was significantly correlated (r=0.70 and r=0.63, respectively) with that of toluene in the workplace air. The estimated regression equation was logHAP(mg/L)=-3.60+1.93 log(toluene, ppm) or logHAU(g/L)=-0.85+0.67 log(toluene, ppm). The magnitude of correlation was further enhanced when analyzing relationship between toluene concentrations lower than 100 ppm and its corresponding HAP levels. CONCLUSION: Overall, plasma hippuric acid levels were well correlated with toluene concentrations in the workplace air, and a statistically significant correlation was observed for the samples with toluene concentration lower than 100 ppm.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Humans ; Occupations ; Plasma* ; Toluene*