A study of concentration smear, culture for AFB and sensitivity test for antituberculous drugs was carried out in 810 patients who had been admitted in SNUH in the period of 12 months from January 1976 to December 1976. Acid-fast bacilli was confirmed in 110 cases (13.6%) by concentrated direct smear and in 88 cases(10.9%) by culture, and concomitantly sensitivity test was performed in 26 isolated cases. Streptomycin, INH, PAS, Kanamycin and Ethionamide were rather less sensitive to the strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but all strains obtained during the period of this study were highly sensitive to Rifampicin.
Ethionamide ; Humans ; Kanamycin ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Mycobacterium ; Rifampin ; Streptomycin

Desmoid tumor is a type of fibromatosis usually arise in deep musculo-aponeurotic structures, primarily of the trunk and extremities. It is characterized by proliferation of fibroblastic tissue and does not metastasize but may be locally aggressive. Eventhough the surgical margin reveals clean, recurrence often occurs. To analyze the extent of the tumor and homodynamic characteristics exactly, we performed IV bolus CT. Desmoid tumors show peripheral rim enhancement on early phase scan and more strong, central enhancement on late phase IV bolus CT, which reflects abundant fibroblastic components of the tumor. We report two cases of pathologically confirmed desmoid tumor performed IV bolus CT.
Abdominal Wall ; Extremities ; Fibroblasts ; Fibroma ; Fibromatosis, Aggressive* ; Recurrence

Authors examined 30, 000 minifilms(boys and girls each 15, 000) which were taken for survey of pulmonary tuberculosis for the students of the first grade, middle school in Seoul(average 13 years old), to determine the ineidence rates of scoliosis. It was considered lateral curvature of spine more than 10 degrees as non-postural scoliosis, which were analyzed for the presence of bony abnormality, sex incidence, degree of curvature, distribution of size of curvature, patterns of curvature, and direction of curvature. Following results were obtained. 1. The overall incidence of scoliosis was 1. 46%; female 1. 86% and male 1.07%. 2. Scoliosis due to bony abnormality was found in 4 cases. 3. Degrees of curvature; 10°-19°
Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Scoliosis ; Spine ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Between July 1982 and July 1985, we treated thirty-one fractures of the tibial shaft by intramedullar ary Ender's nailing at the Department of orthopedic Surgery of Pusan Paik Hospital. Reductions of the fractures were achieved by closed method in 25 cases and open method in 6 cases. The results were as follows. 1. The average age was 34. 5 years and the most common cause of injury was traffic accident(67.7%) 2. Nineteen cases (61%) were closed fracture and 12 cases (39%) open. Seventeen cases (55%) were simple fracture and 14 cases (45%) comminuted. The most common level of the fracture was middle third of the tibial shaft. 3. Twenty cases (64.5%) had associated injuries and average interval from injury to operation was 11. 8 days. 4. The average healing time was 16.7 weeks and the time prolonged in comminuted fractures than in simple fractures. 5. Complications were one case of valgus deformity (11°), one case of delayed union with pseudoane urysm of anterior tibial artery on fracture site and one case of infected nonunion in Grade III open comminuted fracture. 6. Ender nails are relative ease of nailing, allow early weight bearing and decrease complication. Ender nailing is considered to be a good method in treating tibial shaft fracture especially for management of multiple injured patient and when other procedures have failed.
Busan ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Tibia ; Tibial Arteries ; Weight-Bearing

It is generally accepted that posterior cruciate ligament is the prime stabilizer and perhaps the most importent ligament in the knee. We agreed that primary repair or reconstruction of ruptured posterior cruciate ligament is essential. Recently Clancy reported good results to correct knee instability due to rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament with a procedure that employes a free graft of one-third of the patella tendon with its tibial and patella attachments. The free patella tendon graft has been shown to revascularize readly, develop resonably high tensile strengh, allow bone to bone healing, have excellent static stability and not to deprive the knee of a significant stabilizer. So, we analized the 10 cases of the posterior cruciate ligament injuries who were admitted and treated reconstruction using free patella tendon graft in Busan Paik Hospital between May, 1984 to Dec, 1986 and obtained the following results. 1. In 8 cases, obtained satisfactory results. In 2 cases, obtained unsatisfactory results due to combined other compartment injuries, but improved posterior stability than preoperative status. 2. Reconstruction of posterior crucitae ligament using free patella tendon graft was excellent procedure for regaining of static stability of the knee.
Busan ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Patella ; Patellar Ligament ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Rupture ; Transplants

Two-hundred cases of brachial plexus block by parascalene technique for the surgery of upper extremity, shoulder and/or neck were evaluated for the period from November, 1989 to October, 1990 at the Department of Anesthesiology, Hallym University, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hosipital in Seoul, Korea. Local anesthetics we used in this technique were mixture of equal amount of 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine with 1: 200,000 epinephrine. Total amount of local anesthetics injected were varies from 20 to 40 ml for each block. The results were as follows: 1) Of the 200 Patietns, 153(76,5%) were male and 47(23.5%) were female. Their ages ranged from 5 to 83 years. One hundred twenty-one or 60.5% of this total group's ages fell between 20 to 39 years. 2) The most common site of operation was the hand; ll6 cases of the 200 blocks(55.3%). 3) Paresthesia was most often elicited at the superior nerve trunk; 80 cases of the 200 blocks (40%). 4) The average depth of needle from the skin to eliciting the parethesia is 1.954 cm. 5) The onset of anesthesia was within 5 minutes in 166.cases(84,4%). 6) The duration of anesthesia ranged from 180 to 1,800 minutes, and average was 657+/-113 minutes. 7) The extent of anesthesia by sensory dermatomes were average from cervical 2.3+/-1.0 to thoracic 2.90+/-5. 8) Shoulder surgery(e.g. clavicle fracture) and neck biopsy were performed successfully by this technique. 9) Parascalene approach to the brachial plexus has proven both safe and reliable. It provide satisfactory anesthesia of the upper extremity, shoulder and neck in 98.5%(l97 cases) of the 200 patients. 10) Complications of parascalene brachial plexus block were 2 cases of Horners syndrom, 1 cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and 2 cases of subclavian artery puncture. We presumed that the complications other than Horners syndrome were due to technical error.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesiology ; Anesthetics, Local ; Biopsy ; Brachial Plexus* ; Bupivacaine ; Clavicle ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Hand ; Heart ; Horner Syndrome ; Humans ; Korea ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Neck ; Needles ; Paralysis ; Paresthesia ; Punctures ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; Seoul ; Shoulder ; Skin ; Subclavian Artery ; Upper Extremity

Two-hundred cases of brachial plexus block by parascalene technique for the surgery of upper extremity, shoulder and/or neck were evaluated for the period from November, 1989 to October, 1990 at the Department of Anesthesiology, Hallym University, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hosipital in Seoul, Korea. Local anesthetics we used in this technique were mixture of equal amount of 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine with 1: 200,000 epinephrine. Total amount of local anesthetics injected were varies from 20 to 40 ml for each block. The results were as follows: 1) Of the 200 Patietns, 153(76,5%) were male and 47(23.5%) were female. Their ages ranged from 5 to 83 years. One hundred twenty-one or 60.5% of this total group's ages fell between 20 to 39 years. 2) The most common site of operation was the hand; ll6 cases of the 200 blocks(55.3%). 3) Paresthesia was most often elicited at the superior nerve trunk; 80 cases of the 200 blocks (40%). 4) The average depth of needle from the skin to eliciting the parethesia is 1.954 cm. 5) The onset of anesthesia was within 5 minutes in 166.cases(84,4%). 6) The duration of anesthesia ranged from 180 to 1,800 minutes, and average was 657+/-113 minutes. 7) The extent of anesthesia by sensory dermatomes were average from cervical 2.3+/-1.0 to thoracic 2.90+/-5. 8) Shoulder surgery(e.g. clavicle fracture) and neck biopsy were performed successfully by this technique. 9) Parascalene approach to the brachial plexus has proven both safe and reliable. It provide satisfactory anesthesia of the upper extremity, shoulder and neck in 98.5%(l97 cases) of the 200 patients. 10) Complications of parascalene brachial plexus block were 2 cases of Horners syndrom, 1 cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and 2 cases of subclavian artery puncture. We presumed that the complications other than Horners syndrome were due to technical error.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesiology ; Anesthetics, Local ; Biopsy ; Brachial Plexus* ; Bupivacaine ; Clavicle ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Hand ; Heart ; Horner Syndrome ; Humans ; Korea ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Neck ; Needles ; Paralysis ; Paresthesia ; Punctures ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; Seoul ; Shoulder ; Skin ; Subclavian Artery ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: To compare the corneal endothelial cell changes in both eyes of Korean patients with clinically unilateral exfoliation syndrome using specular microscopy. METHODS: A total of 144 eyes of 72 patients diagnosed with clinically unilateral exfoliation syndrome at Yeungnam University Hospital between March 2000 and February 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Comparisons of corneal morphometric analysis were made including endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation, hexagonality, and central corneal thickness between the exfoliative and fellow non-exfoliative eyes in 72 patients with naive unilateral exfoliation syndrome. If patients received intraocular surgery during the follow-up periods, the number of intraocular surgeries and changes of the above-mentioned morphometric analysis were evaluated. RESULTS: The paired exfoliative and fellow non-exfoliative eyes did not differ in endothelial cell density (2587.0 +/- 391.0 vs. 2626.8 +/- 354.6 cells/mm2, p = 0.321), in the coefficient of variation of cell size (35.9 +/- 5.1 vs. 37.1 +/- 4.7%), hexagonality (59.5 +/- 7.3 vs. 57.8 +/- 6.3%), and central corneal thickness (530.5 +/- 37.6 vs. 532.0 +/- 35.2 microm). However, the exfoliative eyes had significantly higher values for the number of intraocular surgeries (0.97 +/- 0.78 vs. 0.28 +/- 0.48, p < 0.001) and decrement of corneal endothelial cells (410.9 +/- 538.7 vs. 19.0 +/- 284.5 cells/mm2, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant morphologic differences in corneal endothelium between exfoliative eyes and fellow eyes in the present study. However, the authors suggest that specular microscopic examination be performed before intraocular surgery in eyes with exfoliation syndrome when considering the higher frequency of intraocular surgeries and the resultant corneal endothelial damages observed in the present study.
Cell Size ; Cornea ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Exfoliation Syndrome ; Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Active re-donation is important for the whole blood donation program. Preparation of the blood-collection environment to minimize vasovagal reaction (VVR) is very important because VVR is the most common factor for stopping re-donation. METHODS: From the 1st of January to the 30th of November in 2005 at Busan Red Cross Blood Center, a total 195,247 donations from 138,093 donors were investigated for VVR. RESULTS: The total frequency of VVR was 0.14%. The frequency of VVR of the group donors who donated in indoor collecting places was the highest and the next highest VVR frequency was for the outdoor donors group. Unexpectedly, the frequency of VVR was the lowest in donors who donated in a blood bus. Teenage donations of blood were most frequent, and the next were people in their twenties. The frequency of VVR was the highest in first-time donor group. The more blood donated, the less the subjects experienced VVR. CONCLUSION: To recruit and retain the blood donors, the blood collection environment should be reconsidered for the group-donors in indoor- or outdoor places and not for those in the blood bus. In these places, it is important to educate the staff and prepare the blood-collecting environment where individual attention can be given to donors of the high-risk group for preventing VVR.
Blood Donors ; Busan ; Humans ; Red Cross ; Tissue Donors

STUDY DESIGN: The authors reviewed the dural tears in the thoracolumbar fractures treated surgically. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence and the predictive values for the presence of dural tears in the thoracolumbar fractures. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Many authors reported that the dural tear was usually related to the thoracolumbar fractures especially with laminar fracture and neurologic deficit. The dural tears may lead complications such as the entrapment of spinal nerve root, delayed wound healing, cerebrospinal fluid fistula, and myelomeningocele. Previous reports emphasized posterior approach to confirm and treat the dural tears using laminectomy. So it is very important that surgeons should identify the presence of dural tear preoperatiyely to determine the surgical approach and treatment options. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed 22 patients of thoracolumbar fractures treated with posterior laminectomy, posterior decompression, posterolateral fusion, and instntmentation from August 1993 to August 1996. The follow-up period was minimally 12 months. We checked the canal compromise, the injury of the posterior column including laminar fracture and ligamental injury, and neurologic deficits as the predictive values. The statistical analysis was done to evaluate the relationship between the dural tear and the predictive values. RESULTS: The incidence of dural tear was 54.4% of the thoracolumbar fractures. The canal encroachment, the injury of the posterior column, and the neurologic deficits were not significantly related with the dural tears in statistical analysis. But we could find the tendency that is related to the dural tear and posterior column injury. CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that we could find the possible presence of dural tears in the severe thoracoiumbar which were needed the surgical treatment and we could suggest the injury of posterior column was a possible value that could predict the presence of dural tear.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Decompression ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laminectomy ; Ligaments ; Meningomyelocele ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Spinal Nerve Roots ; Tears* ; Wound Healing