The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro effects of the loss of tooth substance and root surface changes following root planing with various periodontal instruments. The 39 extracted human teeth due to severe periodontal disease were included. The total 50 root surfaces of 30 teeth were root planed with following instruments : Group 1, with Gracey curette, Group 2, with ultrasonic scaler, Group 3, with rotating root planing bur, Group 4, with Gracey curette plus rubber cup polishing, and Group 5, with ultrasonic scaler plus rubber cup polishing. Following root planing, the amount of tooth substance loss was evaluated by measuring the weight of the removed tooth substance and then 5 specimens (5x5x2mm) were randomly selected from the each group for roughness measurement. Root planed areas of each specimen were subjected to five measurements using the Profilometer and an average surface roughness values(Ra) for each group was obtained. Statistical difference for roughness values of each group was analyzed using oneway ANOVA and student t-test. For scanning electron microscopic(SEM) examination of root surface changes following root planing, 15 root surfaces of remaining 9 teeth were root planed and 3 specimens were randomly selected. The mean loss of tooth substance removed was Group 1, 7.0+/-1.09mg, Group 2, 1.3+/-1.00mg, Group 3, 5.8+/-1.72mg, Group 4, 8.7+/-1.34mg, and Group 5, 4.5+/-1.68mg following root palning, respectively. These results indicate that curette is effective instrument in the respect of diseased root substance removal. The average surface roughness values are following results : Group 1 and Group 4 were the smoothest surface (Ra=0.34+/-0.06micrometer, Ra=0.34+/-0.04micrometer, respectively) and Group 2 was the roughest surface (Ra=2.09+/-0.06micrometer). Statistical analysis of roughness values demonstrated a highly significant difference (P<0.05) between each experimental groups. However, no statistically significant difference in roughness values were observed between the Group 1 and Group 4. The results in this study suggest that curette and/or polishing procedure should be done after root planing with ultrasonic scaler and caution should be used with diamond-coated bur during routine root planing procedure.
Humans ; Periodontal Diseases ; Root Planing* ; Rubber ; Tooth* ; Ultrasonics

The purpose of this study was to compare surface roughness and morphologic changes after use of various plaque control devices to titanium implant surfaces. The study materials were 6 ITI titanium implants(Bonefit(R)) and 5 plaque control devices. 6 implants were divided into 6 different groups and instrumented by each plaque control devices as follows. 1) Group I : untreated control 2) Group II : Titanium curette(Titanium curette(R), 3i) 80 vertical/horizontal strokes 3) Group III : Plastic curette(Implacare(R), Hu-Friedy) 80 vertical/horizontal strokes 4) Group IV : Plastic tip-ultrasonic scaler(Amdent(R), Amdent) 160 seconds 5) Group V : Rotating interdental brush(Identobrush(R), Identoflex) 160 seconds 6) Group VI : Abrasive rubber cup polisher(Zircate(R), Prophy paste, Dentsply) 160 seconds. All specimens were prepared for evaluation by surface roughness tester, optical stereomicroscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The Ra and Rt mean values of the tested specimens were 1) Group I (Ra=0.170+/-0.007micrometer, Rt=1.297+/-0.016micrometer) 2) Group II (Ra=0.209+/-0.006micrometer, Rt=1.602+/-0.110micrometer) 3) Group III (Ra=0.179+/-0.001micrometer, Rt=1.429+/-0.055micrometer) 4) Group IV (Ra=0.182+/-0.005micrometer, Rt=1.511+/-0.085micrometer) 5) Group V (Ra=0.301+/-0.008micrometer, Rt=1.882+/-0.131micrometer) 6) Group VI (Ra=0.147+/-0.010micrometer, Rt=1.059+/-0.021micrometer) In Ra values, experimental group II, V, VI were statistically significant different when compared with control. OM and SEM observation showed that experimental group III, IV were minimal changes when compared with control and group VI was smoothest among other experimental groups. The results suggested that plastic curette and plastic tip-ultrasonic scaler were predictable devices to titanium implant surface.
Plastics ; Rubber ; Stroke ; Titanium*