This study was carried out in order to find out the valuable measure to kill the parasite eggs in night soil. The fresh eggs of Ascaris put into human stool were irradiated with Cobalt 60 of 200,000 to 1,000,000 rad and cultured in test tubes at 25-30 C, washing with 2 percent formalin solution every 24 hours. The continuous development of those eggs were observed under microscope and the proprotions of developed eggs were compared with those of control groups. The major result can be summarized as follows: In general, The eggs in stool developed poorly than the eggs in saline. If the eggs were irradiated with the larger dose of Cobalt 60, the proportion of developed eggs were reduced subsequently. The eggs irradiated with the dose of 1,000,000 rad in saline developed in the proportion of 15.5 percent, whereas irradiated with 200,000 rad 94 percent developed in 4 weeks. The 44.5 percent of eggs in stool irradiated with 200,000 rad developed after 4 weeks, 30.5 percent with 300,000 rad, 25 percent with 500,000 rad and 3.5 percent with 1,000,000 rad respectively. The effective minimum dose of Cobalt 60 irradiation to kill the Ascaris eggs in stool was estimated 1,000,000 rad. Further examination will be required to observe the infectivity of irradiated Ascaris eggs to animals and to evaluate the effect from the standpoint of sanitary engineerings.
parasitology-nematode-Ascaris lumbricoides ; Cobalt 60 ; radiology ; prevention ; egg ; infectivity

This study was to analyze the changes of levels of alkaline phosphatase before and after enucleation of jaw cysts combined with bone grafting, and to evaluate biochemically the effectiveness of the early detection of bone healing and infection as a prognostic marker. Eighteen patients (13 males, 5 females) with cystic lesions of the jaws were divided into two groups. The bone graft group underwent enucleation and bone graft. The control group underwent only enucleation. Both groups were measured levels of ALP before surgery, and plus-minus 4 weeks postoperatively. The more discriminating results were obtained in the bone graft group. The results were as follows : 1. Levels of ALP after enucleation of jaw cysts were decreased in all patients with and without bone graft. 2. The bone graft group showed more marked decrease in variation of levels of ALP than the control group.(p=0.008) This should be considered as a result of increased osteoblastic activity and new bone formation. 3. Such variation could be used as a prognostic marker for bone healing after cyst operation. In the cost/benefit ratio, measurement of ALP activity could be useful as a convenient procedure in routine clinical practice.
Alkaline Phosphatase* ; Bone Transplantation ; Humans ; Jaw Cysts ; Jaw* ; Male ; Odontogenic Cysts ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Transplants

Bilateral renal cell carcinoma is very rare and represents a challenge to the clinician. In the past, bilateral renal cell carcinoma indicated a poor prognosis. But recent, aggressive operative intervention with 'nephron-salvaging procedure' can improve the survival of bilateral renal cell carcinoma. We experienced two cases of bilateral renal cell carcinoma; the former was multicystic nature, well-differentiated bilateral renal cell carcinoma and the later was found incidentally during cadaver donor transplantation due to brain tumor, and it was documented Von-Hippel-Lindau`s syndrome on autopsy.
Autopsy ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cadaver ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Tissue Donors

The intensive care unit(ICU) of our hospital is a 12 bed multidisciplinary ICU which is under the auspices of the Department of Anesthesiology. The ICU is essentially a respiratory ICU in which all hospital patients requiring ventilatory support are cared for. The patient population encompasses all causes of respiratory failure, medical and surgical. Another source of referral (surgical and medical) is a large group of critically ill patients with multiorgan failure, especially due to traums. Our experience of intensive care therapy began in the recovery room starting in 1959. Since that time the size and facilities of the ICU have been enlarged. We analyzed 4,514ICU patients admitted between Mar. 1980 and Feb. 1984, to obtain better guidance and management in the ICU. The results of patients was 4,514; 874 patients in 1980, 832 patients in 1981, 895 patients in 1982, 862 patients in 1983 and 1,051 patients in 1984. The ratio of male to female patients was nearly 2:1/ 2) Total Total admission time in the ICU was 17.473 days. The average patient stay was 3.9 days. The number of patients staying in the ICU more than 9 days increased from 54 cases(6%) in 1980 to 101 cases(10%) in 1984. 3) The forty year age group outrumbered the order age group and was 20.5%. The mortality rate of the pre-teen age group was the hightest(19.7%) and the overall mortality was 14.2%(640 cases) during these 5 years. 4) The number of patients admitted to the ICU from the Department of Neurosurgery was 1,218(27%) being the highest among all departments. Oct of 232 patients who died, the Department of Neurosurgery had the highest mortality rate, 19.1%. From the above results, it can be seen that the number of patients admitted to the ICU. the mortality rate and the patients staying more than 9 days in the ICU has increased annually it is claimed that more facilities allowing for monitoring and support, special qualified staffs and a co-ordinated organization will reduce the mortality rate, particularly in the pre-teen age group.
Anesthesiology ; Critical Illness ; Female ; Gangwon-do* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care* ; Male ; Mortality ; Neurosurgery ; Recovery Room ; Referral and Consultation ; Respiratory Insufficiency

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare, life-endangering suppurative infection of the renal parenchyma and perirenal tissues. The disease is encountered mainly in the diabetic patient with or without ureteral obstruction and is characterized by the production of intrarenal and occasionally, perirenal gas. We report a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis, treated by left nephrectomy, in 55-year-old diabetic woman.
Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Pyelonephritis* ; Ureteral Obstruction

Malignant hyperthermia is a potentially fatal hypermetabolic syndrome characterised by hyperpyrexia and skeletal muscle rigidity. It can be induced by all of the currently used inhalation anesthetics or by injection of succinylcholine. A case of malignant hyperthermia was experienced which developed 80 minute after induction of general anesthesia with thiopental sodium, suecinylcholine, halothane, N2O and O2. One and half hours after induction, arrhythmia developed and was followed by unstable blood pressure, hyperpyrexia and muscle rigidity. Anesthesia was terminated and vigorous emergency treatment and dantrolene were administered. The patient recovered normal body temperature and consciousness, but expired about 4 days after induction because of late complication including disseminated intravascular coaggulation. The etiologic factor, clinieal feature, treatment and prevention of Malignant hyperthermia are discussed.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Body Temperature ; Consciousness ; Dantrolene ; Emergency Treatment ; Halothane ; Humans ; Malignant Hyperthermia* ; Muscle Rigidity ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental

Objectives: There was no previous report about the electrical cardioversion for the patients with atrial fibrillation after successful percutaneous ballon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV). We performed electrical cardioversion after PBMV to evaluate the effectiveness of this procedure in the view of conversion to and maintenance of the sinus rhythm. METHODS: 28 patients who had persistent atrial fibrillation after successful PBMV were included in this study. All patients were anticoagulated with warfarin. Amiodarone was loaded and maintained before cardioversion. The PBMV procedures were guided by transesophageal echocardiography in all patients. Transthoracic echocardiography was done before and after PBMV and cardioversion, and was followed. RESULTS: The number of patients were 28 (male 9 and female 19) within the mean age of 50.3+/-12.0 years (24-66). Initially 24 patients (86%) succeeded in electrical cardioversion. The energy required for successful conversion was 230+/-75J, on average. There were no complications except for the transient sinus bradycardia in 2 cases. The mean follow-up duration was 357+/-144 days and when followed-up, the sinus rhythm was maintained in 15 patients out of 24 with initial success (63%). No factor was significantly related to the success of cardioversion, but left atrial dimension after 1 month of PBMV was significantly related to the maintenance of the sinus rhythm. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation after successful PBMV is favorable and recommendable treatment modality of chronic valvular atrial fibrillation with high conversion rate (88%) and good maintenance rate (63%).
Amiodarone ; Atrial Fibrillation* ; Bradycardia ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Electric Countershock* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Warfarin

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the intraoperative phlebotomy with acute hemodilution and autologous transfusion as an approach to blood conservation during cardiac operation, 126 patients were grouped into autologous transfusion group(Group I, n=54), prospective control group(Group II, n=22), and retrospective control group(Group III, n=50). Intraoperative hemodilution was practiced in autologous transfusion group before extracorporeal circulation. After an extracorporeal circulation, the units of blood phlebotomized were transfused. Hematocrit, platelet count, PT(prothrombin time), PTT(partialthromboplastin time), MAP(mean arterial pressure), and amount of homologous transfusion were measured immediately after induction, during bypass, and at the intensive care unit. Blood loss was measured at 12 hours and 24 hours after arrival at intensive care unit. Incidence of hemologous transfusion was 62% in group I, 86.4% in group II, and 100% in group III. Patients received 2.2+/-0.4 units in group I, 4.1+/-0.8 units in group II and 6.7+/-0.5 units in group III. Coagulation studies showed no significant improvement in autologous transfusion group who received fresh autologous blood. There was no difference in blood loss postoperatively among 3 groupes. In conclusion, our data suggest that the use of autologous transfusion with hemodilution reduces usage of homologous blood in all cardiac surgery procedures.
Extracorporeal Circulation ; Heart* ; Hematocrit ; Hemodilution* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Phlebotomy ; Platelet Count ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery*

Osmidrosis is a symptom of foul odor at the axillae due to bacterial decomposition in apocrine sweat gland. It usually developed at puberty or adolescence and cause ruined clothing and negative social life. Complete removal of sweat gland from axillae is an essential of treatment. Various methods of surgical treatment were applied for osmidrosis axillae but nobody can easily obtain perfect result and escape from many surgical complications such as bleeding, skin necrosis, scar contraction and recurrence 4).Recently author tried new non-surgical method for removal of sweat gland with excellent results, and introduce it with literature.
Adolescent ; Axilla* ; Cicatrix ; Clothing ; Electrocoagulation* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Odors ; Puberty ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Sweat Glands ; Sweat* ; United Nations

OBJECTIVE: Epidural venous varicosity (congestion of the epidural vein) is rarely introduced as an influential factor of clinical symptoms. However, there are several studies suggesting that epidural venous varicosity results in neurologic symptoms. We would like to highlight evidence that epidural venous varicosity results in neurologic symptoms and the relation between epidural venous varicosity and neural structure observed during the surgery. Based on our experiences, we also propose a new classification of epidural venous varicosity. METHODS: 29 patients with symptomatic lumbar stenosis received microsurgical decompression via partial hemilaminectomy. The authors retrospectively reviewed all recorded intraoperative pictures and categorized patterns of venous varicosities with relationship to neural structures. RESULTS: Type A is conditions in which epidural veins are dilated but located parallel to the nerve root on the lateral side of the nerve root and thus do not compress the nerve root. Type B is conditions in which varices are located on the anterior lateral side of the nerve root to compress the nerve root. Type C is conditions in which varices are encircled around the nerve root and compressing the nerve root. CONCLUSION: Epidural venous varicosity is observed in most lumbar stenosis patients with clinical symptoms. Of the types, the types of epidural venous varicosity compressing nerve structures were Type B and Type C. All epidural venous varicosities were removed regardless of classification during operations. Most patients showed relief in clinical symptoms after the operation. We thought to epidural venous varicosity as a factor that causes clinical symptoms of lumbar stenosis.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Decompression ; Decompression, Surgical ; Epidural Space ; Humans ; Intermittent Claudication ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Radiculopathy ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis ; Varicose Veins ; Veins