Injuries to the ligament and other supporting structures of the knee joint are becoming very frequent because of the increasing popularity of sports and the complexity of traffic & industrial accidents in the modern society. There have been much development in undtrstanding the anatomy, function and biomechanics of the knee in recent years. Accurate surgical technique, energetic physiotherapy and appropriate use of brace are essential to obtain the maximum rehabilitation of the injured knees. It is long realized that some sort of knee brace is necessary as a means of stabilizing the injured knee either as a conservative treatment or as a adjuvant treatment treatment pre-or postoperatively before full rehabilitation is attained. We have introuced Lenox Hill Derotation Brace for the first time in Korea, employed in 24 case(26 knees) and found the following advantages. 1. It is light and easy to apply. 2. It is possible to control all kind of the knee instability. 3. It is possible to engage in any activity with the Brace in place without limitation of the knee motion. therefore, we recommend the Brace as a very usefull adjuvant for the proper treatment of the injured knee.
Accidents, Occupational ; Braces ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Korea ; Ligaments ; Rehabilitation ; Sports

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulin M*

We have exprierienced 10 cases of pelvic bone fractures that were treated by Hoffmann's external fixation devices from June, 1979 to June, 1982. As a result, following advantages were noted; 1. Rapid recuction of pain, prevention of serious early complication, and easiness of nursing care were possible. 2. Late complications such as lumbosacral pain and gait disturbance could be preventable in majority of the patients, as well as shortening the duration of the hospitalization.
External Fixators ; Fracture Fixation ; Gait ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Nursing Care ; Pelvic Bones

Suppuaration between the orbital bone and the periorbita produces a subperiosteal abscess. Subperiosteal abscess is a rare condition, which usually developes as a complication of the infection of paranasal sinuses. While the case originated from dentoalveolar infection have been reported. The clinical presentation is eyelid swelling, erythema, proptosis, conjunctival chemosis, ocular motility limitation, decreased visual acuity. Diagnostic methods available for evalulating subperiosteal abscess include sinus X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography(CT), and bacterial culture of abscess content. Subperiosteal abscess is treated with intravenous antibiotics and surgical drainage. Prompt diagnosis and treatement are necessory ot prevent visual loss, cavernous sinus thrombosis, subdural abscess, even death. The authors experienced a sixty one year old male who complianed of right buccal swelling and tenderness, eyelid swelling, erythema, proptosis, conjunctival chemosis, eyeball motility limitation on right eye. His facial computed tomography disclosed subperiosteal abscess with infratemporal and parapharyngeal inflammation. An intravenous antibiotics injection and surgical drainage improve the symptom and sign, So we present our case with a brief review of the literature related to subperiosteal abscess secondary to dentoalveolar inflammation.
Abscess* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Erythema ; Exophthalmos ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Orbit ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Ultrasonography ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: Recently in Korea, the rate of addictive drug abuse is rapidly increasing in men on salary, housewives, and even in adolescents, who have been considered to be free from drugs, which presents a serious problem to the society. Especially, the habituation to gateway drug, such as cigarettes and alcohol, before 15 years old, would lead to the increased possibility of other drug abuse, including illicit drugs. Thereupon in this study, we intended toreview the effect of adolescents smoking an the drug abuse and deviated behaviors. METHODS: On September, 1997, randomly selected were 12 classes, an the basis of 2 classes per grade, from the two schools which was located each in Seoul and Buchean. And survey was dane on 610 students with non non-nominl, self-reported questionnaire. RESULTS: The rate of adolescent smoking was 28.1% in male students and had increasing tendency of "the higher the grades, the higher the smoking rate"(17.0% in the 1st gade, 31.5% in the 2nd grade, 35.9% in the 3rd grade). The smoking rate of female students was 12.3%. From the 2nd grade of middle school to the 2nd grade of high school was the critical period when the smoking habit was initiated in almost 90% of the students. The experiencing rates of drug abuse in studied subjects were as follows : drinking(79.0%), stimulants(4.8%), sedatives(4.1%), hypnotics(3.1%), glue sniffing(1.5%), butane gas(0.7%), marijuana/hemp(0.2%). They were higher in the smoking group than in the nansMoking group, showing statistical significances in most items except hypnotics and marijuana/hemp. Also simihr results were shown in deviated behaviors between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: With the concerted efforts of family, school, society and natian, we as family physicians should make efforts to delay and prevent adolescent's smoking, which is a gateway to drug abuse and deviated behaviors, and to increase people's recognition of health risks caused by smoking, and to provide proper program for adolescents to stop smoking.
Adhesives ; Adolescent ; Critical Period (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Korea ; Male ; Physicians, Family ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Street Drugs ; Substance-Related Disorders* ; Tobacco Products ; Surveys and Questionnaires

We have employed the external akeletal fixation devices, that is Hoffmann apparatus and Pin and Resin fixation method, for the treatment of 44 cases of long bone fractures from Dec. 1978 to Dec. 1981. The following are our impressins. 1. Hoffmann apparatus and Pin and Resin fixation method proved to be effective and useful measure for the management of fractures of long bones, particulary in cases of the open tibial fractures. 2. Employing the Hoffmann apparatus to the tibial model, the possible limit of correction of the fracture alignment was calculated. It was found that the average angle of correction of deformity can be managed up to 20 degrees in varus and valgus deformity, 70 degrees in anterior angulation, 40 degrees in posterior angulation and 70 degrees in rotation. 3. Pin and Resin fixation method is one of effective means in immobilization of long bones. It is simple to apply, easy to manipulate and inexpensive while offering fair fixation without much complications and therefore we recommend the method as the best alternative to expensive Hoffmann apparatus. 4. The complications of Hoffmann apparatus and Pin and Resin fixation method were pin tract infections and ankle stiffness which were generally minor and prevented by more careful aseptic technique and encouraging early joint motion.
Ankle ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Fracture Fixation ; Fractures, Bone ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Methods ; Tibial Fractures

Primary amyloidosis has been reported to develop in 6 to 15% of patients with multiple myeloma and especially in 20 to 24% of patients with light chain myeloma. Although deposition of amyloid in the gastric mucosa is common in primary systemic amyloidosis(AL), gastric amyloidosis in AL type is rarely symptomatic. Also, pathologic fracture of the femur secondary to plasmacytoma is quite rare for the first manifestation of multiple myeloma. A case of gastric amyloidosis associated with gastric outlet obstruction and femur plasmacytoma in multiple myeloma is reported with review of literatures.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Amyloid ; Amyloidosis* ; Femur* ; Fractures, Spontaneous* ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Plasmacytoma*

BACKGROUND: To assess the efficacy and safety of perindopril, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor, perindopril was compaired to nifedipine LP. METHODS: Perindopril(4mg q.d.) was compaired to nifedipine LP(20mg b.i.d.) in the double blind, parallel-group study involving total of 41 hypertensive patients with diatolic blood pressure(DBP) of 95-125mmHg. A 4-week single-blind placebo period preceeded 12 weeks of active tratment. Dose titration was at weeks 4 and 8 if the DBP was >90mmHg. The dose was doubled and, if necessary, a diuretic(hydrochlorthiazide 25mg) was added. The analysis of efficacy was performed on the 36 patients who completed the trial after 12 weeks; active treatment. The analysis of tolerance involved all 41 patients who entered the study. RESULTS: 1) The two groups were homogeneous prior to treatment. 2) The fall in blood pressure(BP) with perindopril was 22/11mmHg(from 160+/-14/101+/-6mmHg to 139+/-15/90+/-6mmHg) and 32/19mmHg(from 164+/-18/104+/-7 to 132+/-17/85+/-10mmHg) for nifedipine. 3) 65% of the perindopril group and 84% of the nifedipine group achived the target BP(diastolic BP< or =90mmHg). 4) The respone rate(DBP< or =90mmHg or the fall in DBP> or =10mmHg) was similar between two groups(88% cersus 89%). 5) Heart rate was not changed in the perindopril group. but increased in the nifedipine group. 6) Five patients withdrew from the study ; two were attributed to adverse events. one in the perindopril group and one in the nifedipine group. 7) The incidence of side effects in the perindopil group was less than that in the nifedipine group. Cough was reported by 10% of patients of the perindopril group. 8) Both groups did not induce changes in blood glucose and lipid profiles. 9) We could not find any significant relationship between the amount of blood pressure decline and 24 hour urine sodium excretion. 10) There were no clinically significant changes in laboratory parameters. CONCLUSION: Perindopril reduced blood pressure to slightly less extent than nifedipine, but had as similar efficacy as nifedipine. Perindopril had less side effects than nifedipine.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cough ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nifedipine* ; Perindopril* ; Sodium

Two trials of external quality assessment were performed in 2002. Thirteen test items of immunoassay with eight control materials were surveyed. The response rate of external quality assessment for Immunoassay Subcommitee were 94.3% and 94.5% in each trial. Eight control materials were consisted of 6 home-made pooled sera and 2 commercial control sera. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Laboratories participating in external quality control program of immunoassay were 233 to 241 laboratories and the response rate were 94.3% and 94.5% in 2002. 2. Chemiluminiscence immunoassay autoanalyzer was widely introduced comparing to previous years and now it is the most popular analyzer in the field of immunoassay testing. 3. Still some test items show wide variations of the test results of the same control material. But, generally the quality of the participating laboratories seems to be thought being improved.
Immunoassay* ; Korea* ; Quality Control

There is an evidence for a role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) in atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and carotid artery stenosis. Morbidity of carotid artery atherosclerosis is higher in persons carrying an epsilon4 allele, but the association of cerebrovascular disease and apoE genotype is controversial. We studied the association between APOE genotype and allele (epsilon2, epsilon3, epsilon4) frequency and stroke. We evaluated APOE genotype in 133 first -ever stroke patients and 111 healthy controls. We also estimated the risk factors of stroke such as hypertension, diabetes and lipid profiles in both groups. APOE genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. APOE genotypes and allele distributions were not different in patients and controls. There is also no difference of APOE allele frequencies between ischemic small artery occlusive disease and hypertensive subcortical intracerebral hemorrhage. We concluded that the APOE -epsilon4 allele is not associated with stoke including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
Alleles ; Apolipoproteins E ; Apolipoproteins* ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Stenosis ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Risk Factors ; Stroke*