This study was to analyze the changes of levels of alkaline phosphatase before and after enucleation of jaw cysts combined with bone grafting, and to evaluate biochemically the effectiveness of the early detection of bone healing and infection as a prognostic marker. Eighteen patients (13 males, 5 females) with cystic lesions of the jaws were divided into two groups. The bone graft group underwent enucleation and bone graft. The control group underwent only enucleation. Both groups were measured levels of ALP before surgery, and plus-minus 4 weeks postoperatively. The more discriminating results were obtained in the bone graft group. The results were as follows : 1. Levels of ALP after enucleation of jaw cysts were decreased in all patients with and without bone graft. 2. The bone graft group showed more marked decrease in variation of levels of ALP than the control group.(p=0.008) This should be considered as a result of increased osteoblastic activity and new bone formation. 3. Such variation could be used as a prognostic marker for bone healing after cyst operation. In the cost/benefit ratio, measurement of ALP activity could be useful as a convenient procedure in routine clinical practice.
Alkaline Phosphatase* ; Bone Transplantation ; Humans ; Jaw Cysts ; Jaw* ; Male ; Odontogenic Cysts ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated firings on the color of zirconia restoration with different shading method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three different types of zirconia frameworks (adding metallic pigments to the initial zirconia powder before sintering (Group NM), dipping the milled frameworks in dissolved coloring agents (Group KI), or application of liner material to the sintered white frameworks (Group KW) were used to support A3 shade dentin porcelain. Repeated firings (3, 5, or 7) were performed, color differences among ceramic specimens were measured using a colorimeter. Repeated measurements analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data for significant difference. The Tukey Honestly Significant Different (HSD) test was used to perform multiple comparisons (alpha = .05). RESULTS: 1. L*a*b* values of the ceramic systems were affected by the number of firings (1, 3, 5 or 7 firings) (P < .001) and shading methods (P < .001). 2. As the number of firings increased, the L* (for all groups) and a* value (for KW and NM groups) decreased and the b* value(for all groups) increased. 3. The mean color differences caused by repeated firings were perceptible (DeltaE > 1) for group KW and KI fired after 3 times, except for group NM fired after 7 times. 4. In order of decreasing DeltaE value fired after 7 times, the values were group KI(DeltaE = 2.26) > group KW (DeltaE = 1.47) > group NM (DeltaE = 1.08) (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Repeated firings influenced the color of the zirconium-oxide all-ceramic specimens with different shading methods.
Ceramics ; Coloring Agents ; Dental Porcelain ; Dentin ; Fires ; Humans ; Zirconium

We usually accept 1 : 1 ratio soft tissue change in mandibular set-back surgery. But we cannot sure whether we can use this ratio as a long term predictor after surgery. We investigated the change of hard tissue and its effects to soft tissue and examined the predictability of cephalometric analysis in short term and long term follow-up periods in mandibular set-back surgery. Subjects were 15 patients (5 male, 10 female) performed mandibular set-back procedure only by BSSRO with rigid fixation. Cephalometric data were obtained before orthodontic treatment, immediate before surgery and immediate after surgery, 6 months, and 18 months after surgery consecutively. Differences in soft and hard tissue changes among the time intervals were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) ; the association between immediate surgical change in chin landmarks and subsequent short and long term soft and hard tissue changes were examined using linear regression analysis 1. Soft tissue mandibular structures were positioned posteriorly and superiorly after surgery. Average mandibular set-back were 8.17mm at Pog. The horizontal and vertical hard tissue mandibular changes were stable for 18 months after surgery. Although there was a small degree of change, soft tissue and hard tissue remain relatively stable after surgery and there was no clinically discernable changes between 6 months and 18 months post-operatively. 2. Some part of upper lip (Ls & stms)and most part of mandibular soft tissue moves postero-superiorly after mandibular set-back. The ratio of horizontal changes of hard tissue to soft tissue at Inf. labial sulcus(B'), Pogonion(Pog') were 84.7%, 74.7% after 18 months. respectively. 3. Predictability of the soft tissue change is less certain than hard tissue and this predictability is decreased over time. These result suggests that we cannot predict the surgical outcomes exactly. It is recommendable that the oral surgeon should be careful in using the computerized surgical prediction software program as a predictor of long term soft tissue change.
Chin ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Lip ; Male

Estrogen may promote osteoblast/osteocyte viability by limiting apoptotic cell death. We hypothesize that hsp27 is an estrogen- regulated protein that can promote osteoblast viability by increasing osteoblast resistance to apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of estrogen treatment and heat shock on TNF alpha- induced apoptosis in the MC3T3-E1 cell line. Cells were treated with 0 - 100 nM 17betaestradiol (or ICI 182780) for 0 - 24 hours before heat shock. After recovery, apoptosis was induced by treatment with 0 - 10 ng/ml TNF alpha. Hsp levels were evaluated by Northern and Western analysis using hsp27, hsp47, hsp70c and hsp70i - specific reagents. Apoptosis was revealed by in situ labeling with Terminal Deoxyribonucleotide Transferase (TUNEL). A 5 - fold increase in hsp27 protein and mRNA was noted after 5 hours of treatment with 10 - 20 nM 17beta estradiol prior to heat shock. Increased abundance of hsp47, hsp70c or hsp70i was not observed. TUNEL indicated that estrogen treatment also reduced (50%) MC3T3-E1 cell susceptibility to TNF alpha-induced apoptosis. Treatment with hsp27-specific antisense oligonucleotides prevented hsp27 protein expression and abolished the protective effects of heat shock and estrogen treatment on TNF alpha-induced apoptosis. Hsp27 is a determinant of osteoblast apoptosis, and estrogen treatment increases hsp27 levels in cultured osteoblastic cells. Hsp27 contributes to the control of osteoblast apoptosis and may be manipulated by estrogenic or alternative pathways for the improvement of bone mass.
Apoptosis* ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Estradiol ; Estrogens* ; Hot Temperature ; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Indicators and Reagents ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; Osteoblasts* ; RNA, Messenger ; Shock ; Transferases ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

A complete septate uterus with cervical duplication and a longitudinal vaginal septum is a rare uterine malformation. The dissection of the septum can be difficult because it is difficult for hysteroscopists to find out initial point, direction and final point of a complete septum. This study aimed the introduction of more efficient surgical procedure using a balloon with methylene blue. We have experienced three cases with a complete septate uterus. We performed hysteroscopic dissection of a complete uterine septum using a balloon with methylene blue and obtained good reproductive outcomes. So we report three cases with a brief review of literatures.
Methylene Blue ; Uterus

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C). METHODS: Participants were 419 young adolescent students (11~15 years old). The content validity of the expert group was calculated as the content validity index (CVI) after the translation and reverse translation process of the 25 items of the YFAS-C. The multitrait-multimethod matrix (MTMM) method was used to verify the construct validity; the generalized linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the concurrent and incremental validity. Reliability was calculated as Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) and Spearman-Brown coefficients. RESULTS: The CVI of the 25 items was greater than the item-level CVI .80 and the scale-level CVI .90. The Korean version of YFAS-C had verified convergent validity in emotional eating and external eating and discriminant validity in restrained eating. In addition, it had verified concurrent validity in emotional eating and external eating. Finally the incremental validity of the Korean version of YFAS-C was statistically significant on BMI. Reliability was KR-20 α=.69 and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was .64. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of YFAS-C is a valid and reliable scale for measuring the severity of food addiction; it can be a useful scale for preventing obesity by predicting food addiction early.
Adolescent ; Child ; Eating ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Methods ; Obesity ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results

Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Regeneration ; Calcium Phosphates ; Fibrin ; Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Rabbits ; Skull ; Transplants

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C). METHODS: Participants were 419 young adolescent students (11~15 years old). The content validity of the expert group was calculated as the content validity index (CVI) after the translation and reverse translation process of the 25 items of the YFAS-C. The multitrait-multimethod matrix (MTMM) method was used to verify the construct validity; the generalized linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the concurrent and incremental validity. Reliability was calculated as Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) and Spearman-Brown coefficients. RESULTS: TheCVI of the 25 items was greater than the item-level CVI .80 and the scale-level CVI .90. The Korean version of YFAS-C had verified convergent validity in emotional eating and external eating and discriminant validity in restrained eating. In addition, it had verified concurrent validity in emotional eating and external eating. Finally the incremental validity of the Korean version of YFAS-C was statistically significant on BMI. Reliability was KR-20 α=.69 and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was .64. CONCLUSION The Korean version of YFAS-C is a valid and reliable scale for measuring the severity of food addiction; it can be a useful scale for preventing obesity by predicting food addiction early.

The eye irritation potential of drug candidates or pharmaceutical ingredients should be evaluated if there is a possibility of ocular exposure. Traditionally, the ocular irritation has been evaluated by the rabbit Draize test. However, rabbit eyes are more sensitive to irritants than human eyes, therefore substantial level of false positives are unavoidable. To resolve this species difference, several three-dimensional human corneal epithelial (HCE) models have been developed as alternative eye irritation test methods. Recently, we introduced a new HCE model, MCTT HCETM which is reconstructed with non-transformed human corneal cells from limbal tissues. Here, we examined if MCTT HCETM can be employed to evaluate eye irritation potential of solid substances. Through optimization of washing method and exposure time, treatment time was established as 10 min and washing procedure was set up as 4 times of washing with 10 mL of PBS and shaking in 30 mL of PBS in a beaker. With the established eye irritation test protocol, 11 solid substances (5 non-irritants, 6 irritants) were evaluated which demonstrated an excellent predictive capacity (100% accuracy, 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity). We also compared the performance of our test method with rabbit Draize test results and in vitro cytotoxicity test with 2D human corneal epithelial cell lines.
Cornea* ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Irritants ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Purpose: To analyze the difference in bony pelvimetry using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in women who delivered vaginally and those who underwent cesarean section (CS) due to cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD). Methods: This retrospective case-control study enrolled Korean women who gave birth to their first child between 37 and 42 weeks of pregnancy and underwent pelvic MRI between January 2014 and June 2020. These women were classified into 3 groups: vaginal delivery (VD), CS due to CPD (CPD-CS), and CS due to reasons other than CPD (Other-CS). In MRI images, true conjugate (TC), obstetric conjugate (OC), mid anterior-posterior (AP) distance (MAD), outlet AP distance (OAD), ischial spine distance (ISD), ischial tuberosity distance (ITD), and pubic angle (PA) were measured. Results: In total, 392 women were enrolled. There were no significant differences in maternal height and body mass index at birth among the 3 groups. The ISD was statistically different between the VD group (106.2±6.4 mm) and the Other-CS group (110.4±8.8 mm) (p=0.014). After multiple regression analysis, short ISD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-0.97; p=0.002), short MAD (aOR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99; p=0.047), and short ITD (aOR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99; p=0.019) were significantly associated with CS due to CPD. Conclusion Short ISD, MAD, and ITD, measured using MRI, are important parameters that can predict CS due to CPD. The accumulation of related research could promote the development of an excellent imaging method in terms of cost-effectiveness. Thus, it may be possible to establish a method to reduce obstetric and perinatal complications due to dystonia.