This study was carried out in order to find out the valuable measure to kill the parasite eggs in night soil. The fresh eggs of Ascaris put into human stool were irradiated with Cobalt 60 of 200,000 to 1,000,000 rad and cultured in test tubes at 25-30 C, washing with 2 percent formalin solution every 24 hours. The continuous development of those eggs were observed under microscope and the proprotions of developed eggs were compared with those of control groups. The major result can be summarized as follows: In general, The eggs in stool developed poorly than the eggs in saline. If the eggs were irradiated with the larger dose of Cobalt 60, the proportion of developed eggs were reduced subsequently. The eggs irradiated with the dose of 1,000,000 rad in saline developed in the proportion of 15.5 percent, whereas irradiated with 200,000 rad 94 percent developed in 4 weeks. The 44.5 percent of eggs in stool irradiated with 200,000 rad developed after 4 weeks, 30.5 percent with 300,000 rad, 25 percent with 500,000 rad and 3.5 percent with 1,000,000 rad respectively. The effective minimum dose of Cobalt 60 irradiation to kill the Ascaris eggs in stool was estimated 1,000,000 rad. Further examination will be required to observe the infectivity of irradiated Ascaris eggs to animals and to evaluate the effect from the standpoint of sanitary engineerings.
parasitology-nematode-Ascaris lumbricoides ; Cobalt 60 ; radiology ; prevention ; egg ; infectivity

This study was to analyze the changes of levels of alkaline phosphatase before and after enucleation of jaw cysts combined with bone grafting, and to evaluate biochemically the effectiveness of the early detection of bone healing and infection as a prognostic marker. Eighteen patients (13 males, 5 females) with cystic lesions of the jaws were divided into two groups. The bone graft group underwent enucleation and bone graft. The control group underwent only enucleation. Both groups were measured levels of ALP before surgery, and plus-minus 4 weeks postoperatively. The more discriminating results were obtained in the bone graft group. The results were as follows : 1. Levels of ALP after enucleation of jaw cysts were decreased in all patients with and without bone graft. 2. The bone graft group showed more marked decrease in variation of levels of ALP than the control group.(p=0.008) This should be considered as a result of increased osteoblastic activity and new bone formation. 3. Such variation could be used as a prognostic marker for bone healing after cyst operation. In the cost/benefit ratio, measurement of ALP activity could be useful as a convenient procedure in routine clinical practice.
Alkaline Phosphatase* ; Bone Transplantation ; Humans ; Jaw Cysts ; Jaw* ; Male ; Odontogenic Cysts ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: The most common problem in HLA typing is unsatisfactory quality of the antisera, or a lack of understanding of their reactivities. Therefore, commercial antisera must be verified under the conditions applied in a particular tissue typing laboratory. METHODS: We evaluated the antisera reactivities of a commercial HLA-yping tray, Lymphotype HLA-BC 72 oriental, the lot 7220999, 7230100 (Biotest, Germany), in about 300 samples from organ transplant recipients and healthy potential donors. RESULTS: The relatively weak antisera were those that defined A26, A33, Cw5, Cw14, B46, B58, B64 and B71 etc. Some of these antisera were not indicated as 'weak reaction' in the test result catalogue. The reactivities of each antisera indicated as 'extra reaction' or 'sometimes missing' were various. CONCLUSIONS: As for antisera reactivities, the data obtained by a laboratory itself are necessary in addition to those in the test result catalogue. These data will be helpful for the correct interpretation for laboratories using same commercial kits.
Histocompatibility Testing* ; Humans ; Immune Sera* ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: The most common problem in HLA typing is unsatisfactory quality of the antisera, or a lack of understanding of their reactivities. Therefore, commercial antisera must be verified under the conditions applied in a particular tissue typing laboratory. METHODS: We evaluated the antisera reactivities of a commercial HLA-yping tray, Lymphotype HLA-BC 72 oriental, the lot 7220999, 7230100 (Biotest, Germany), in about 300 samples from organ transplant recipients and healthy potential donors. RESULTS: The relatively weak antisera were those that defined A26, A33, Cw5, Cw14, B46, B58, B64 and B71 etc. Some of these antisera were not indicated as 'weak reaction' in the test result catalogue. The reactivities of each antisera indicated as 'extra reaction' or 'sometimes missing' were various. CONCLUSIONS: As for antisera reactivities, the data obtained by a laboratory itself are necessary in addition to those in the test result catalogue. These data will be helpful for the correct interpretation for laboratories using same commercial kits.
Histocompatibility Testing* ; Humans ; Immune Sera* ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

PURPOSE: Compound tissue defects remain a challenge to reconstructive surgeons. The objective of this study was to introduce examples of successful reconstruction of compound defects of the head and neck and upper and lower limbs, using chimeric flaps based on the subscapular vascular system. METHODS: We report 19 reconstruction cases using chimeric flaps based on the subscapular vascular system. The scapular flap, scapular fascia, scapular bone, parascapular flap, latissimus dorsi, latissimus dorsi perforator flap, latissimus dorsi myocutaneous perforator flap, serratus anterior, serratus anterior fascia, and rib bone were used as components for chimeric flaps. 12 cases had defects of the upper limb, three in the lower limb, three in the head and neck area, and one case had a defect of the thoracoabdominal wall. RESULTS: Defect sizes ranged from 6x8cm to 20x22 cm. The component used most often for skin coverage was the latissimus dorsi perforator flap; for soft tissue bulk, the latissimus dorsi; for fascia coverage, the serratus anterior fascia flap; and for bone reconstruction, the scapular bone flap respectively. In all cases reconstruction was done successfully without additional operative procedures or flap necrosis. CONCLUSION: Because it is fairly easy to employ vascular pedicles of sufficient length and diameter, enabling the use of diverse types of tissue with various shapes and sizes, the use of chimeric flaps based on the subscapular vascular system allows one-stage reconstruction tailored to the characteristics of the defect area.
Fascia ; Head ; Lower Extremity ; Neck ; Perforator Flap ; Ribs ; Skin ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to investigate chromosomal microarray (CMA) and clinical data in patients with unexplained developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID) accompanying dysmorphism, congenital anomalies, or epilepsy. We also aimed to evaluate phenotypic clues in patients with pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected clinical and CMA data from patients at Konyang University Hospital between September 2013 and October 2014. We included patients who had taken the CMA test to evaluate the etiology of unexplained DD/ID. RESULTS: All of the 50 patients identified had DD/ID. Thirty-nine patients had dysmorphism, 19 patients suffered from epilepsy, and 12 patients had congenital anomalies. Twenty-nine of the 50 patients (58%) showed abnormal results. Eighteen (36%) were considered to have pathogenic CNVs. Dysmorphism (p=0.028) was significantly higher in patients with pathogenic CNVs than in those with normal CMA. Two or more clinical features were presented by 61.9% (13/21) of the patients with normal CMA and by 83.3% (15/18) of the patients with pathogenic CMA. CONCLUSION: Dysmorphism can be a phenotypic clue to pathogenic CNVs. Furthermore, pathogenic CNV might be more frequently found if patients have two or more clinical features in addition to DD/ID.
Epilepsy ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability

BACKGROUND: Autologous or implant-based breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy is increasingly preferred worldwide as a breast cancer treatment option. However, postoperative nipple-areola complex (NAC) necrosis is the most significant complication of nipple-sparing mastectomy. The purpose of our study was to identify the risk factors for NAC necrosis, and to describe the use of our skin-banking technique as a solution. METHODS: We reviewed cases of immediate autologous breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy at our institution between June 2005 and January 2014. The patients' data were reviewed and the risk of NAC necrosis was analyzed based on correlations between patient variables and NAC necrosis. Moreover, data pertaining to five high-risk patients who underwent the donor skin-banking procedure were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Eighty-five patients underwent immediate autologous breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy during the study period. Partial or total NAC necrosis occurred in 36 patients (43.4%). Univariate analysis and binary regression modeling found that body mass index, smoking history, radiation therapy, and mastectomy volume were significantly associated with NAC necrosis. Of the 36 cases of NAC necrosis, 31 were resolved with dressing changes, debridement, or skin grafting. The other five high-risk patients underwent our prophylactic skin-banking technique during breast reconstruction surgery. CONCLUSIONS: NAC necrosis is common in patients with multiple risk factors. The use of the skin-banking technique in immediate autologous breast reconstruction is an attractive option for high-risk patients. Banked skin can be used in such cases without requiring additional donor tissue, with good results in terms of aesthetic and reconstructive outcomes.
Bandages ; Body Mass Index ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Debridement ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty* ; Mastectomy* ; Necrosis* ; Nipples ; Risk Factors ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Donors

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most common orthopedic hip disorder occuring in adolescence. In this condition, the femoral head (epiphysis) displaces, or slips on the femoral neck through the region of the growth plate. This condition can occur only before the epiphyseal plate closes. The exact etiology is unknown, although it has been associated with obesity, hanical abnormalities, physeal abnormalities, endocrine disturbances (hypothyroidism, growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadism). Interestingly, SCFE was observed in growth hormone deficiency and in patients treated with growth hormone. We report a case of an adolescent male with glycogen storage disease Ia and growth hormone deficiency who developed SCFE during treatment with recombinant human growth hormone. A 17-year-old male was admitted for pain of left hip which was exacerbated by walking 15 days ago. He was diagnosed glycogen storage disease Ia and growh hormone deficiency 2 years ago and treated growth hormone therapy with recombinant human growth hormone at the dose of 2 unit/day. The diagnosis of SCFE was confirmed radiologically. From the time of admission, he received skin traction on the left hip joint and stopped to inject growth hormone and treated surgically with internal fixation of the epiphysis with use of 3-cannulated screw. The patient is followed at out-patient clinic without postoperative complication.
Adolescent ; Diagnosis ; Epiphyses ; Femur Neck ; Glycogen Storage Disease ; Growth Hormone* ; Growth Plate ; Head ; Hip ; Hip Joint ; Human Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Male ; Obesity ; Orthopedics ; Outpatients ; Postoperative Complications ; Skin ; Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses* ; Traction ; Walking

Many AML-associated chromosomal abnormalities, such as t(8;21), t(15;17), inv(16), t(9;11), t(9;22) and t(6;9) are well known. The chromosomal aberration of t(16;21)(p11;q22) in AML is rare and it is known to be associated with poor prognosis, young age (median age, 22 yr), and involvement of various subtypes of the French-American-British classification. We report here 2 AML patients with t(16;21)(p11;q22), proved by conventional cytogenetics and/or reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Erythrophagocytosis by leukemic blasts was observed in both of the cases. One patient was a 24 yr-old male with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. His karyotype was 46,XY,t(16;21)(p11;q22),del(18)(p11.2) and RT-PCR revealed the TLS/FUS-ERG fusion transcripts. Although he received allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation after the first remission, he died 9 months after the initial diagnosis due to relapse of the disease and graft-versus-host disease. The other patient was a 72 yr-old male with acute myeloid leukemia without maturation. His karyotype was 45,XY,-16,add(21)(q22) and the presence of t(16;21)(p11;q22) was detected by RT-PCR. He was transferred to another hospital with no more follow-up. We suggest that the presence of t(16;21)(p11;q22) and/or TLS/FUS-ERG fusion transcripts has to be considered in cases of AML with erythrophagocytosis.
Aged ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/*genetics ; Graft vs Host Disease/diagnosis ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis/*genetics ; Male ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/*genetics ; RNA-Binding Protein FUS/*genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Translocation, Genetic ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Hematuria* ; Humans ; Urinary Bladder*