No abstract available.
Gastroesophageal Reflux*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether job satisfaction in clinical nurses was dependent on work intensity and whether physical discomfort mediated the relationships between these variables. METHODS: Structural equation modeling was used with a sample of 253 clinical nurses from four general hospitals. In the model, absolute work intensity, relative work intensity, and flexibility were considered as exogenous variables and physical discomfort as a mediating variable. Data were collected using self-report measures such as the Labor Intensity Questionnaire, the Rating of Perceived Exertion, and the Index of Job Satisfaction. RESULTS: The results of the structural equation modeling found that the higher scores on absolute and relative work intensity were positively associated with physical discomfort but only relative work intensity was significantly related to job satisfaction. Physical discomfort mediated the relationships between absolute work intensity and job satisfaction and between relative work intensity and job satisfaction. Among three kinds of work intensity, only relative work intensity had direct and indirect effects on job satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that increase in relative work intensity might play an important role in decreasing job satisfaction in clinical nurses and a reasonable reward system considering relative work intensity could be necessary.
Hospitals, General ; Job Satisfaction* ; Negotiating ; Pliability ; Reward

In the cover page of the paper, Conflict of interest and Author contributions should have been written as follows. Conflicts of interest: None. Author contributions: Yoo Mi Park and Hyojin Park planned this study. Yoo Mi Park and Young Ju Lee coducted the study. Young Ho Lee and Tae Il Kim contributed to revise and draft the manuscript. Yoo Mi Park wrote the paper.

No abstract available.
Cellulitis* ; Child* ; Eosinophils* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Hemangiosarcoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Mycobacterium chelonae*

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune/antigen-mediated esophageal disease affecting both children and adults. The condition is characterized by an eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal epithelium. Symptoms of esophageal dysfunction include dysphagia, food impaction and symptoms mimicking gastroesophageal reflux disease. Endoscopic examination typically reveals mucosal fragility, ring or corrugated mucosa, longitudinal furrows, whitish plaques or a small caliber esophagus. Histologic findings of >15 eosinophils per high-power field is the diagnostic hallmark of EoE. An elimination diet, topical corticosteroids or endoscopic dilation for fibrostenotic disease serve as effective therapeutic option.
Administration, Topical ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/*therapeutic use ; Adult ; Child ; Deglutition Disorders/etiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eosinophilic Esophagitis/complications/diagnosis/*therapy ; Esophageal Stenosis/etiology/*surgery ; Esophagoscopy ; Esophagus/*pathology ; *Food Habits ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis ; Humans

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is an adverse condition that affects a large number of patients after surgical interventions. Postoperative vomiting is a severe discomfort for patients and can be a bigger concern even than postoperative pain. Although many studies have been performed on the pathophysiology of postoperative nausea and vomiting, little has been known about it. This article reviews the risk factors, mechanisms, preventive measures, and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Humans ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting* ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel sydrome (IBS) is one of the most common disorders and a heterogeneous condition in view of symptoms and underlying mechanisms. Though underlying causes of pathophysiologic changes remain unclear, low grade mucosal inflammation and abnormal intestinal motility are accepted mechanisms which alter gut function and generate symptoms of IBS. First, before 1980s, abnormal colonic and rectal motor functions were regarded as the main pathophysiology of IBS, but only 25-75% of IBS patients have apparent motor abnormalities which differ from the motor functions in normal controls. So, various gastrointestinal motility tests were not indicated for the diagnosis of IBS. The high-amplitude propagating contractions of colon in IBS patients may be related to the visceral pain perception. Second, the low grade mucosal inflammation may be involved in the pathophysiology of visceral hypersensitivity. Post infectious IBS (PI-IBS) occupied 6-17% of the total IBS and some previous prospective studies reported that 7-33% of acute bacterial enteritis patients developed IBS after 6-12 months of infection. The relative risk of IBS in the gastroenteritis cohort was 11.9 and the strongest risk factor is the duration of diarrhea. After enteritis event, the increased number of immunocytes, mast cells and large amount of lymphocytes infiltration were revealed in mucosa and enteric nervous system of the gut. Beside the inflammatory cells, enterochromaffin cells, cytokines and inducible nitric oxide may be related to the pathophysiologic mechanism of PI-IBS. Lastly, the abnormalities in the gastrointestinal autonomic nervous system can induce constipation or motor disorders, but further research should elucidate it.
Gastrointestinal Motility ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/pathology/*physiopathology ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating