In the cover page of the paper, Conflict of interest and Author contributions should have been written as follows. Conflicts of interest: None. Author contributions: Yoo Mi Park and Hyojin Park planned this study. Yoo Mi Park and Young Ju Lee coducted the study. Young Ho Lee and Tae Il Kim contributed to revise and draft the manuscript. Yoo Mi Park wrote the paper.

No abstract available.
Bowen's Disease ; Fingers

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

No abstract available.
Angiomyoma* ; Mucous Membrane*

PURPOSE: It is crucial to provide adequate enteral nutrition for postoperative recovery, wound healing and normal growth in infants in pediatric cardiac ICUs. This study was done to develop a feeding protocol using the vaso-active inotropic (VAI) score and to evaluate the impact of nutritional outcomes following the new feeding protocol for infants who underwent cardiac surgery. METHODS: This study consisted of three phases. First, a feeding protocol was developed based on a literature review. Second, ten experts rated the content validity. Third, a comparison study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the new feeding protocol. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. RESULTS: Twenty-nine infants were enrolled in the pre-protocol group, and 22 infants in the post-protocol group. Patients in the 2 groups were similar. Time to reach feeding goal was significantly decreased from 56.0 (27-210) hours to 28.5 (10-496) hours in the post-protocol group (Z=-4.22, p<.001). Level of enteral feeding knowledge among nurses increased significantly after implementation of the protocol. CONCLUSION: The feeding protocol using VAI score facilitates the achievement feeding goal to decrease feeding interruptions and help nurses in their practice. Larger studies are necessary to examine clinical outcomes following the implementation of this feeding protocol.
Critical Care* ; Enteral Nutrition ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Infant* ; Intensive Care Units* ; Thoracic Surgery ; Wound Healing

BACKGROUND: As Korea advances into the ageing society, the number of elderly person receiving dialysis has increased. Two-year survival rate of the patients who received hemodialysis was 84.2% in 1996. But there is no estimate on the survival rate of the patients over age 65. Elderly persons are more prone to have dialysis complications and have more problems in cardiovascular system. The following is a 5-year-study on the elderly ESRD patients who underwent hemodialysis. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 825 patients had received hemodialysis at Seoul Paik Hospital from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 2002. The elderly group was consisted of 35 patients over age 65 and the non-elderly group was consisted of 43 patients below age 65 who received hemodialysis. And they had been traced for more than six months. The patient`s age, sex, occupation and whether the patient was married or not, had been compiled. Also taken into consideration was etiology, complications, initial laboratory data, electrocardiography, abdominal sonography, echocardiography, ftmndus examination, cause of death. RESULTS: Average age of the elderly and the non-elderly group was 70.1 and 47.4 years(p<0.00). nd parathyroid hormone were different between the two groups(p<0.05), other laboratory data were not. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertensive nephrosclerosis were not either. The overall 1, 2, 5 year survival rate was 97.3%, 93.4%, 73.7%. And the 5-year survival rate was 88.6% in the non-elderly group and it was 54.1% in the elderly group(Kaplan-Meier method). Causes of death were sepsis(n=3), cerebrovas cular accident(n=2), myocardial infarction, pneumonia and gastrointestinal bleeding, malignancy, withdrawal of treatment(1 patient respectively) in the elderly group and were myocardial infarction, withdrawal of treatment in the non-elderly group(n=2). CONCLUSION: The 5-year survival rate of the elderly patients was lower than the non-elderly(p<0.001). The contributing factor of death was not etiology but cormobid condition according to ageing process and socioeconomic circumstance. In other words, it was cardiovascular disease, infection due to impaired immune system and withdrawal of treatment due to economic problems. So it would be necessary to monitor carefully these factors for the elderly hemodialysis patients to improve survival..
Aged* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cardiovascular System ; Cause of Death ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dialysis ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Immune System ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Korea ; Myocardial Infarction ; Nephrosclerosis ; Occupations ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Pneumonia ; Prevalence ; Renal Dialysis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Survival Rate

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is an adverse condition that affects a large number of patients after surgical interventions. Postoperative vomiting is a severe discomfort for patients and can be a bigger concern even than postoperative pain. Although many studies have been performed on the pathophysiology of postoperative nausea and vomiting, little has been known about it. This article reviews the risk factors, mechanisms, preventive measures, and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Humans ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting* ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Foot* ; Leg* ; Lichen Planus* ; Lichens*

No abstract available.
Hemangiosarcoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
Cellulitis* ; Child* ; Eosinophils* ; Humans