Favus is a chronic dermatophyte infection of the scalp presented by thick yellow crusts within the hair follicles which leads to scarring alopecia. Favus is associated with poor hygiene and malnutrition so that it is seen almost exclusively in Africa, the Middle East and parts of South America with abruptly decreased incidence nowadays. The last report referring favus was published in 1996 in Korea, which might have historical significance. Herein, we report favus diagnosed in siblings in 1979.
Africa ; Alopecia ; Arthrodermataceae ; Cicatrix ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Incidence ; Korea ; Malnutrition ; Middle East ; Scalp ; Siblings* ; South America ; Tinea Favosa*

PURPOSE: Anterior Polar Cataract (APC) develops by a mechanism different from that of other age-related cataracts, and outside of Korea, it is an extremely rare condition. We investigated the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of APC in Koreans. METHODS: The evaluation on the prevalence of APC in comparison to the other age-related cataracts was performed on the 2,108 cataract patients who were treated at 5 different areas in Korea from August 2003 to December 2003. The demographic characteristics of APC were studied on the, 656 cataract patients who were treated from January 2004 to January 2005 at one hospital. These patients were classified according to the type of lens opacity (nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, mixed and APC). RESULTS: The prevalence of patients with APC among all the cataract patients was 6.02% during the 5 months in this hospital-based study. Eighty-seven per cent of patients with APC were male. In contrast, the proportion of female was greater than 50% in the other cataracts. The mean age of APC patients was 52.7 years. Among the APC patients, 38.9% were under 50 years of age, 42.6% in their 50s, 14.8% in their 60s, and 3.7% were in their 70s. However, 80% of patients were over the age of 60 years in nuclear, cortical, and mixed-type cataracts. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of APC among all cataracts was high in comparision with another country. The proportion of APC was high in individuals younger than 60 years of age, and in males.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cataract/classification/*epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitals, General/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmology/statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of predicting refractive outcomes of swept-source optical coherence tomography based biometry (ARGOS; Movu Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) in nuclear cataracts. METHODS: A total of 107 eyes (107 nuclear cataract patients) were analyzed. Subjects were divided into three groups according to the maximum nuclear density of Pentacam HR (A, lower tertile; B, medium tertile; C, upper tertile). The keratometry and axial length measured by IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) and ARGOS systems were compared for each group. The correlation between maximum nuclear density and axial length difference readings from the two instruments was evaluated. The mean absolute error between the predicted refraction and 2-month post-operative refraction was compared. RESULTS: The maximum nuclear densities were 28.31 ± 7.30, 51.37 ± 7.82, and 88.63 ± 11.23 for groups A, B, and C, respectively. The axial length measured by ARGOS was significantly longer than that obtained using IOLMaster for groups B and C (respectively, p = 0.035, p < 0.001). A significantly positive correlation was found between the maximum nuclear density and axial length difference of the two devices (p < 0.001). Mean absolute errors were not significantly different between IOLMaster and ARGOS in group A. However, in groups B and C, the mean absolute error using ARGOS (0.31 ± 0.22 D and 0.32 ± 0.20 D, respectively) was significantly lower than that of IOLMaster (0.43 ± 0.21 D and 0.50 ± 0.26 D, respectively) (Group B, p = 0.027; Group C, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Even in dense nuclear cataracts, accurate refractive outcome prediction was possible using swept-source optical coherence tomography based biometry.
Biometry ; Cataract ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Reading ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

This study evaluated the visual quality after wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for treating myopia. Thirty-two eyes with moderate myopia (-5.78~-2.17D) and 25 eyes with high myopia (-7.78~-6.17D) were prospectively reviewed. The contrast sensitivity (CS), glare and the total higher order aberrations (HOA) were measured before and 1 week, 1 month and 2 months after LASIK. The pupil diameter was measured at day- and night-time illumination. The CS and glare at all spatial frequencies were not reduced after wavefront-guided LASIK (p<0.05) and the difference between the moderate and high myopia group was not significant. No significant correlation was found between the amounts of myopia and the postoperative CS (p>0.05). The area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) showed no correlation with the total HOA (r2=-0.071, p=0.612, between the daytime AULCSF and the total HOA with a 4 mm entrance pupil, r2=-0.176, p=0.260, between the nighttime AULCSF and the total HOA with a 6 mm entrance pupil). There was no decrease in CS and glare after wavefront-guided LASIK for myopia. In conclusion, wavefront-guided LASIK based on the individual ablation patterns is a good option for refractive surgery to improve the visual quality in both moderate and high myopia cases.
Adult ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ/*statistics and numerical data ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Myopia/*diagnosis/epidemiology/*surgery ; Prognosis ; Recovery of Function ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Treatment Outcome ; Vision Disorders/*diagnosis/epidemiology/*prevention and control ; *Vision Tests ; *Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To assess the degree of agreement of two rotating Scheimpflug cameras, Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR, in measuring corneal refractive power (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and central corneal thickness (CCT). METHODS: Measurement agreement was assessed in 40 eyes of 40 outpatients at our hospital. Measurements of anterior and posterior corneal refractive power (K), ACD, and CCT were compared between the Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR. RESULTS: For Galilei G6 (4 mm), Pentacam HR (3 mm) and Pentacam HR (4 mm), the anterior corneal refractive powers (K) were 44.35 ± 1.38 D, 44.09 ± 1.32 D, and 44.12 ± 1.35 D, respectively, and the posterior corneal refractive powers (K) were 6.39 ± 0.23 D, 6.45 ± 0.23 D, 6.45 ± 0.22 D. The differences in the results were statistically significant. The average ACD measurements using Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR were 3.26 ± 0.42 mm and 3.17 ± 0.42 mm, respectively, and the average CCT measurements were 556.65 ± 30.12 µm and 553.78 ± 29.42 µm. The differences in the measurements were statistically significant. In addition, ACD 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR were in the range of -0.14~0.32 mm, and CCT 95% LoA were in the range of -12.54~18.29 µm. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in measurements of anterior and posterior corneal refractive power (K), ACD, and CCT between the two cameras. Agreement analysis suggests that Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR should not be used interchangeably.
Anterior Chamber ; Humans ; Loa ; Outpatients

PURPOSE: To assess the degree of agreement of two rotating Scheimpflug cameras, Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR, in measuring corneal refractive power (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and central corneal thickness (CCT). METHODS: Measurement agreement was assessed in 40 eyes of 40 outpatients at our hospital. Measurements of anterior and posterior corneal refractive power (K), ACD, and CCT were compared between the Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR. RESULTS: For Galilei G6 (4 mm), Pentacam HR (3 mm) and Pentacam HR (4 mm), the anterior corneal refractive powers (K) were 44.35 ± 1.38 D, 44.09 ± 1.32 D, and 44.12 ± 1.35 D, respectively, and the posterior corneal refractive powers (K) were 6.39 ± 0.23 D, 6.45 ± 0.23 D, 6.45 ± 0.22 D. The differences in the results were statistically significant. The average ACD measurements using Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR were 3.26 ± 0.42 mm and 3.17 ± 0.42 mm, respectively, and the average CCT measurements were 556.65 ± 30.12 µm and 553.78 ± 29.42 µm. The differences in the measurements were statistically significant. In addition, ACD 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR were in the range of -0.14~0.32 mm, and CCT 95% LoA were in the range of -12.54~18.29 µm. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in measurements of anterior and posterior corneal refractive power (K), ACD, and CCT between the two cameras. Agreement analysis suggests that Galilei G6 and Pentacam HR should not be used interchangeably.
Anterior Chamber ; Humans ; Loa ; Outpatients

PURPOSE: To investigate the change of the posterior corneal surface for 1 year after LASIK METHODS: Ninety-nine eyes of 57 patients who underwent LASIK were evaluated retrospectively. The posterior corneal surface was evaluated before surgery and at 1 week, 2 months, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. The patients were divided into two groups based on the preoperative mean spherical equivalent (Group I; -2.5 ~ -6.0 D, Group II; -6 ~ -10 D) and two groups based on the residual bed thickness (RBT: Group A; 250 ~ 300 micrometer, Group B; 300 ~ 350 micrometer). We also grouped them based on the ablation percentage of the total corneal thickness (P/TCT: Group 1; below 10%, Group 2; 10-15%, Group 3; 15-20%) RESULTS: The posterior corneal surface in Group I was shifted forward 14.19 +/- 8.98 micrometer at 1 week, 7.93 +/- 5.64 micrometer at 1 year after LASIK, and 19.77 +/- 6.97 micrometer and 14.93 +/- 6.95 micrometer in Group II, respectively. It was displayed forward shift 19.48 +/- 8.54 micrometer at 1 week and 13.04 +/- 7.14 micrometer at 1 year in Group A and 11.64 +/- 6.09 micrometer and 7.07 +/- 5.26 micrometer in Group B, respectively. The values at the same times were 8.49 +/- 5.83 micrometer and 5.45 +/- 4.18 micrometer in Group 1, 17.21 +/- 7.73 micrometer and 9.12 +/- 5.26 micrometer in Group 2 and 20.25 +/- 8.16 micrometer and 16.05 +/- 7.24 micrometer in Group 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The posterior corneal surface shifted forward early time after LASIK, but showed a trend toward gradual backward shifted over time. The eyes with higher myopia, thinner RBT and higher P/TCT were more shifted forward the posterior corneal surface at l year after LASIK.
Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Myopia ; Retrospective Studies

Onychomycosis is a common disease that requires appropriate management. Systemic antifungal agents are current standard for onychomycosis treatment. Considering high recurrence rate, selection of the systemic antifungal agent should be based primarily on the causative organism, the potential adverse effects and the risk of drug interactions. Herein, we reviewed systemic antifungal agent for onychomycosis.
Antifungal Agents ; Drug Interactions ; Fluconazole ; Itraconazole ; Onychomycosis* ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: To investigate the change of pupil diameter following cataract surgery or after-cataract surgery and the dependence of this change on the opacity at photopic and scotopic adaptation. METHODS: Thirty-five eyes with cataract and 32 eyes with after-cataract were evaluated prospectively. The pupil diameter was measured at 220 lux (photopic) and 0.05 lux (scotopic) using a pupillometer. Cataract patients were examined preoperatively, and at 1 week and 2 months postoperatively, and after-cataract patients were examined preoperatively, and at 1 week postoperatively. The lens opacity was classified as opacity degree and the after-cataract was divided into pearl and fibrosis type. RESULTS: Pupil diameter of cataract patients was reduced after surgery at photopic and scotopic adaptation (p<0.05). The pupil diameter of eyes with severe opacity degree was 4.3 +/- 1.1 mm and 5.0 +/- 1.1 mm at photopic and scotopic adaptation, respectively, and was larger than eyes with mild opacity degree (3.9 +/- 1.1 mm and 4.5 +/- 1.1 mm, respectively, p<0.05). At photopic and scotopic adaptation, pupil diameter of after-cataract patients was reduced by Nd: Yag laser (p<0.05). The pupil diameter of eyes with fibrosis type, 4.6 +/- 1.0 mm, was significantly smaller than that of eyes with pearls type (5.1 +/- 1.1 mm, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The pupil diameter of eyes with severe opacity degree was larger that of eyes with mild opacity degree. In after-cataract patients, pupil diameter was significant different depending on opacification type at scotopic adaptation and it was reduced after Nd: Yag laser.
Cataract* ; Dark Adaptation ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Prospective Studies ; Pupil*

The incidence of adult eosinophillic esophagitis has been on the increase greatly in recent years, but the disease has been rarely reported in Korea. Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic inflammatory disease causing dysphagia and food impaction. A round ring, longitudinal furrows and mucosal friability are the major findings seen by endoscopy. Eosionophilc esophagitis is confirmed by pathology when more than 20 eosinophils are found on microscopy with use of a high power field. We experienced three cases of eosinophilic esophagitis with complaints of dysphagia.
Adult ; Deglutition Disorders ; Endoscopy ; Eosinophilic Esophagitis ; Eosinophils ; Esophagitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Microscopy