No abstract available.
Humans ; Mycoplasma*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of arterial bleeding in patients with pelvic bone fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 13 injured arteries of seven patients with pelvic bone fracture. In order to evaluate the sites and types of arterial injuries, angiography was performed, followed by TAE using Gelfoam and a coil. The parameter of technical success is non-visualization of extravasation and pseudoaneurysm in injured arteries. We investigated (1) the survival rate and complications of TAE; (2) the relationship of arterial injuries to findings, as seen on plain film; and (3) the influence of BP on arrival and the time interval between trauma and TAE on prognosis. RESULTS: Angiography revealed (1) extravasation of contrast media in four patients; (2) extravasation and pseudoaneurysm in two; and (3) extravasation and abrupt cut-off of an artery in one. The injured arteries involved( n=13), were the internal iliac (n=3), superior gluteal (n=3), inferior gluteal (n=2), obturator (n=2), ili-olumbar (n=2), and internal pudendal (n=1). TAE was technically successful and in no case were there complications. Vital signs improved in four patients, but three others died due to hypovolemia. In five patients the site of arterial injury, as seen on plain films, was consistent pelvic bone fracture but in one patient more severe arterial injury was noted at the contralateral side of more severe pelvic bone fracture, and in one other arterial injury was observed only at the contralateral side of pelvic bone fracture. In this study, BP at arrival was a more important prognostic indication than was the time interval between trauma and TAE. CONCLUSION: For the management of arterial bleeding after blunt pelvic trauma, TAE is the procedure of choice.
Aneurysm, False ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Hypovolemia ; Pelvic Bones* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Myocardial infarction (MI) elicits nerve sprouting. However, the time course and spatial distribution of this nerve sprouting and its relationship to the expression of neurotrophic factors is unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the association of nerve sprouting with the expression of neurotrophic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We induced MI in FVB mice by ligating the left coronary artery. The hearts were removed at 3 hours to 13 months after MI for growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) immunostaining. The nerve density (micrometer2/mm2) was determined by ImagePro software. In another group of mice, their myocardial tissues were processed and analyzed with using an Affymetrix RG U74V2 array. RESULTS: The density of the nerve fibers that were immunopositive for GAP-43 was the highest 3 hours after MI in both the peri-infarct areas and the remote areas. The outer loop of the ventricle had a higher nerve density than that in the inner loop of the ventricle. The differences were at a peak 3 hours after MI, but they persisted for 2 months afterwards. The expressions of nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, transforming growth factor-beta3 and interleukin-1alpha were increased for up to 2 months after MI as compared to the normal control. qRT PCR analyses showed increased mRNA for tyrosine hydroxylase, synaptophysin, nerve growth factor and leukemia inhibiting factor in the peri-infarct areas for up to 2 months after MI, but this occurred only for roughly 3 days after MI in the remote areas. CONCLUSION: We conclude that MI resulted in immediate upregulation of nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, transforming growth factor-beta3 and interleukin-1alpha in the peri-infarct areas and this all occurred to a lesser extent in the remote areas. These changes persisted for at least 2 months, and they were associated with increased nerve sprouting activity, which was most active in the outer loop of the heart.
Animals ; Coronary Vessels ; DNA ; Electrophysiology ; GAP-43 Protein ; Heart ; Interleukin-1alpha ; Leukemia ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ; Mice* ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Nerve Fibers ; Nerve Growth Factor ; Nerve Growth Factors ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Regeneration ; RNA, Messenger ; Synaptophysin ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; Up-Regulation ; Ventricular Remodeling