Purpose: This is a descriptive correlation study to confirm the effect of stress and anxiety caused by COVID-19 on the quality of life of small business owners in an area under environment of COVID-19. Methods: The participants were 150 small business owners in an area. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, a one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with the SPSS 25.0 Program. Results: The stress of small business owners averaged 3.67±0.65 out of 4 points, anxiety of COVID-19 was 2.65±0.52, and quality of life was 75.61±20.26 out of 130 points. The quality of life showed a significant negative correlation with ‘fear of infection’ (r=-.42, p<.001), ‘difficulties caused by social distancing’ (r=-.49, p<.001) in the stress subdomain, and anxiety (r=-.61, p<.001). On the other hand, stress, ‘fear of infection’ (r=.50, p<.001), ‘difficulties caused by social distancing’ (r=.60 p<.001), ‘anger against others’ (r=.35, p<.001) and anxiety showed positive correlation. Factors affecting the quality of life of the subjects were ‘fear of infection’ in the stress subdomain (β=-.23, p=.003), anxiety (β=-.45, p<.001), and residential area (J zone) (β=-.16, p=.030). These factors explained 47.0% of the variance. Conclusion In order to enhance the quality of life of small business owners in an area, it is required to reduce stress and anxiety. In addition, it is necessary to prepare an intervention program that can reduce stress and anxiety of small business owners.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the e-health literacy and health promoting behaviors of cancer patients and nurses. Methods: The participants were 76 cancer patients who were admitted to a general hospital and 87 nurses. Data were collected from October to December of 2018 using a list of structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé’s test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients using SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: There were significant differences in e-health literacy (t=-3.15, p=.002) and nutrition, one of the sub-areas of health promoting behaviors (t=-3.80, p<.001) between cancer patients and nurses. The health promoting behaviors of cancer patients according to health-related characteristics showed statistically significant differences in health care time (F=6.91, p=.002), health concerns (F=6.30, p=.003), and perceived support (F=6.71, p=.002). Nurses’ health promoting behaviors according to health-related characteristics showed significant differences in health care time (F=16.56, p<.001), health concerns (F=5.99, p=.004), and perceived support (F=5.05, p=.009). Cancer patients and nurses showed a non-significant correlation between e-health literacy and health promoting behaviors. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that nurses should focus on contents that show significant differences in providing education for e-health literacy to cancer patients, and that nurses should enhance health promoting behaviors associated with their own nutrition.

OBJECTIVE: The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is used widely to detect deteriorating patients in a range of clinical situations. This study examined the ability of the NEWS to predict poor outcomes in trauma patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study using a dataset collected prospectively from trauma patients who visited the emergency department of a tertiary referral center in the southern area of the Republic of Korea. The area under the receiver operating curves (AUC) of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) and NEWS were compared. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Among 17,661 patients finally enrolled, 66.3% were male, and the median age was 49 (34-64). The AUC of the NEWS and RTS were 0.878 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.873–0.883) and 0.827 (95% CI, 0.821–0.833) (AUC difference, 0.051; 95% CI, 0.025–0.077; P<0.01), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the NEWS were 74.0% and 91.2%, respectively, at a cutoff of four, and those of the RTS were 67.7% and 96.1%, respectively, at 7.55. CONCLUSION The NEWS showed better performance in predicting the in-hospital mortality of patients with trauma compared to the RTS.

Intracranial epidermoid cysts usually show homogeneous hypodensity on CT scans, hypointensity on T1-weighted MR images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted MR images. Most of them arise in the cerebellopontine angle and parasellar areas. We report a case of middle cranial fossa epidermoid tumor with unusual image findings. The entire tumor mass showed inhomogeneous low density, without any enhancing solid portion on the CT scans. The lateral portion of the tumor showed homogeneous T1 low signal intensity and T2 high signal intensity. The medial portion of the tumor showed heterogeneous T1 and T2 intermediate to high signal intensity. On the gadolinium enhanced MR images, enhancement of the thickened dura was observed behind the tumor. Surgery and pathologic examination revealed the presence of an extradural epidermoid cyst.
Cerebellopontine Angle ; Cranial Fossa, Middle* ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Gadolinium ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Purpose: The association of the initial serum ammonia level with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute glufosinate-ammonium herbicide poisoning was studied. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between March 2012 and August 2019 in the emergency department after glufosinate-ammonium herbicide poisoning. Survivors and non-survivors were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors for mortality. Results: One hundred and six patients were enrolled; 11 died, yielding a mortality of 10.4%. The serum bicarbonate level was significantly lower in the non-survival group than the survival group. Age, serum ammonia, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels, SOFA score, and APACHE II score were significantly higher in the non-survival group than the survival group. Age, serum ammonia, and creatinine level were independent risk factors for mortality in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion The initial serum ammonia level is associated with mortality in patients with acute glufosinate herbicide poisoning.

Purpose: The association of the initial serum ammonia level with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute glufosinate-ammonium herbicide poisoning was studied. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between March 2012 and August 2019 in the emergency department after glufosinate-ammonium herbicide poisoning. Survivors and non-survivors were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors for mortality. Results: One hundred and six patients were enrolled; 11 died, yielding a mortality of 10.4%. The serum bicarbonate level was significantly lower in the non-survival group than the survival group. Age, serum ammonia, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels, SOFA score, and APACHE II score were significantly higher in the non-survival group than the survival group. Age, serum ammonia, and creatinine level were independent risk factors for mortality in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion The initial serum ammonia level is associated with mortality in patients with acute glufosinate herbicide poisoning.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in Korea; it is the second most common cancer in men and the third most common in women. The incidence rate in Korea has continuously increased since 1999 when the National Cancer Registry statistics began. Currently; there are several screening modalities; that have been recommended by expert societies, including fecal occult blood test, colonoscopy, computed tomographic colonography The annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT) has been used in adults aged 50 and older as part of the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea since 2004. Although several study results from regional or national colorectal cancer screening programs in other countries have been reported, the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea has not yet been evaluated with evidence-based methods. Herein report the consensus statements on the National Screening Guideline for colorectal cancer developed by a multi-society expert committee in Korea, as follows: 1) We recommend annual or biennial FIT for screening for colorectal cancer in asymptomatic adults, beginning at 45 years of age and continuing until 80 years (recommendation B). 2) There is no evidence for the risks or benefits of FIT in adults older than 80 years (recommendation I). 3) Selective use of colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening is recommended, taking into consideration individual preference and the risk of colorectal cancer (recommendation C). 4) There is no evidence for the risks or benefits of double-contrast barium enema for colorectal cancer screening in asymptomatic adults (recommendation I). 5) There is no evidence for the risks or benefits of computed tomographic colonography for colorectal cancer screening in asymptomatic adults (recommendation I).
Adult ; Barium ; Colonography, Computed Tomographic ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Consensus ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Enema ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Occult Blood