Glymphatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an advanced technique for visualizing the glymphatic system of the brain. We reviewed recent research findings that utilized glymphatic MRI techniques to elucidate the intricate physiological processes of the glymphatic system. We introduce the significance of assessing the glymphatic system by exploring various MRI methodologies, each possessing unique advantages and limitations.Some of these methodologies involve the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents to map the distribution within the brain, while others do not require the use of contrast agents. These approaches offer distinct insights and constraints, enabling researchers to investigate the glymphatic system using MRI. Eventually, glymphatic MRI methodologies will provide invaluable insights to enhance our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of the brain. These findings are expected to contribute significantly to our knowledge and treatment of brain disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases. Glymphatic MRI is a crucial reference for exploring promising research avenues in which MRI techniques can play a pivotal role in comprehending and visualizing the brain’s glymphatic system.

The glymphatic system plays a crucial role in brain waste clearance, with glymphatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques highlighting its significance in understanding neurodegenerative diseases. This review emphasizes the intricate relationship between sleep, the glymphatic system, and the onset of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), Parkinson's disease (PD), and other neurological diseases. Key findings revealed that sleep disruptions can impair the glymphatic system and potentially accelerate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In AD, amyloid β plaque accumulation correlates with glymphatic dysfunction, while in iNPH, impaired glymphatic functionality may result in waste accumulation, such as amyloid-beta accumulation in AD. Research on PD has underscored the potential role of the glymphatic system in α-synuclein clearance. In conclusion, as we delve into the glymphatic system using MRI techniques, we anticipate a richer understanding of neurodegenerative diseases, offering prospects for innovative therapeutic interventions.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between Body Mass Index, suicide, perceived stress, and life dissatisfaction in a general population sample of Korean adults. METHODS: A total of 6,022 nationally representative adults aged 18 to 74 were selected using a multistage cross-sectional cluster sampling method. Questionnaires regarding suicide behaviors, perceived stress, and life satisfaction were completed by the participants. They also reported their heights and weights, which were used to calculate BMI. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: The results showed that being underweight was associated with higher risk for suicide ideation [odds ratio (OR), 1.6; 95% confidence interval (Cl), 1.18–2.05] and suicide attempt (OR, 2.0, 95% Cl, 1.23–3.31). Likewise, obesity also increased the risk of suicide ideation (OR, 1.3; 95% Cl, 1.11–1.56) although not suicide attempt. Furthermore, underweight individuals were more likely to report severe level of perceived stress (OR, 1.7; 95% Cl, 1.26–2.17) and life dissatisfaction (OR, 1.3; 95% Cl, 1.07–1.68). All of the results remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, education, and psychiatric illnesses. CONCLUSION: This study found that being underweight is a significant risk factor for suicide and poor subjective wellbeing in Korea. It suggests that BMI status may be an important modifiable factor for improving mental health in Korea.
Adult ; Body Mass Index* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Methods ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Suicide* ; Thinness ; Weights and Measures

Objectives: ：Depressive disorder and anxiety disorder frequently co-occur, even at sub-threshold level. This study aims to identify network structure of co-morbid depression and anxiety at symptom level in nonclinical population and to reveal the central symptoms and bridge symptoms of the co-morbidity. Methods: ：This study was based on 2022 Asan Youth Mental Health Screening. Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms of 810 young adult participants from community sample. Network structure of co-morbid depressive and anxiety symptoms was estimated by Isingfit model. Results: ：Depressed mood, Restlessness and Nervousness were the most central symptoms in the network. Bridge symptoms between anxiety and depression were Restlessness and Irritability. Conclusions ：This study revealed key central symptoms and bridge symptoms of co-morbid depression and anxiety in nonclinical population and provided potential insight for treatment targets to reduce co-morbidity.