PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of structured self-debriefing using 3S models on the clinical competency, self-efficacy, and educational satisfaction in nursing students after simulation. METHODS: For this study, 76 third-year undergraduate nursing students from S university were invited. They were divided into two groups, which consisted of a self-debriefing (SDG=41) group and an instructor-led debriefing group (ILDG=35). Collected data was analyzed using Chi-square, t-test, and an independent t-test with the PASW statistics 18.0 for Windows Program. RESULTS: Clinical competency was generally high in the SDG, and statistically significant differences between the SDG and the ILDG occurred after simulations 3, 4, and 5. There were no statistically significant differences in self-efficacy and educational satisfaction between the SDG and the ILDG. However, educational satisfaction in the SDG was slightly higher, while self-efficacy was low compared to the ILDG. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the method of structured self-debriefing using a 3S model can be effective in improving clinical competency. Further studies need to be investigated.
Humans ; Nursing* ; Patient Simulation ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to provide essential resources on various evaluation strategies by identifying relationships between professor-evaluation, peer-evaluation, and self-evaluation of the core basic nursing skills in nursing students. METHODS: Forty third-year nursing students who participated in core basic nursing skills were given the same checklist that was used for assessment by the examiners. Then, the scores of the professor and the students were compared and analyzed with SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: The scores of the student peer (178.54) and student self-evaluation(177.74) was significantly higher than the scores of professor-evaluation (172.05),(F=5.03, p=.008). There was a significant, positive correlation between the professor-evaluation and the student-peer-evaluation in skill-scores(r=.47, p=.002) and attitude-scores(r=.52, p<.001). In addition, the professor-evaluation and the self-evaluation each showed a significant, positive correlation in skill-scores(r=.61, p<.001) and attitude-scores(r=.36, p=.023). CONCLUSION: The study result indicates that in order to expand the evaluation method, the professor evaluation, as well as the student self and the peer evaluation, will contribute to improve the educational achievement of learners.
Checklist ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Education* ; Education, Nursing ; Educational Status ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the research on adherence for secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Korea, and to identify the strategies for improvement that should be included in future studies. METHODS: Electric literature searches were conducted for Pubmed, CINAHL, RISS4U, KISTI, DBpia, KoreaMed, National Assembly Library, and National Library of Korea. A total of forty two articles published between 1986 and 2009 were selected based on established inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Forty research papers were related to nursing, and there was only one research paper focused on elderly people with CAD. There were no papers using concept analysis, qualitative study, or randomized controlled clinical trial. Almost all definitions of adherence were adopted from outdated compliance definitions with the attribute of 'paternalistic obligation'. Measurement tools were not based on theoretical framework of adherence but borrowed from tools for measuring self-care, health behavior, or self-efficacy. Overall patient's adherence was analyzed in most studies, except for a few studies which focused on diet and exercise only. Educational strategy was the main strategy used in intervention studies. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of adherence and measurement tools need to be clarified, along with development of the specific adherence interventions according to the type of adherence in patients with CAD.
Aged ; Compliance ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Diet ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Clinical Trial ; Korea ; Patient Compliance ; Secondary Prevention ; Self Care

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Grit (Grit-K) scale for nursing students in Korea. Methods: The participants in the study were 277 nursing students. Their grit was verified by using self-reports and the results of a questionnaire. Grit was translated into Korean and its content validity was verified by five experts. The validity of the instrument was verified through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability verification was analyzed by using internal consistency reliability. Results: Two factors were identified through exploratory factor analysis and six items of the original instrument were found to be valid. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the validity of the instrument was verified as the model. The internal consistency reliability was also acceptable and Grit was found to be an applicable instrument. Conclusion This study shows that the Korean Version of the Grit Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nursing students in Korea.

Purpose: In this study the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the bullying (bullying-K) measure for nurses in Korea was investigated. Methods: Participants included 392 nurses from general hospitals with over 300 beds in Korea and was carried out for 2 months in the form of self reporting questionnaires. In this study the content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity and reliability were verified using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 20.0. Results: The Korean version of the bullying measurement which is comprised of six factors, with a total of 37 questions that include eleven regarding attacks towards showing oneself and communication, eight regarding effects on psychology and fatigue, eight regarding effects of the organization and management, five regarding attacks towards personal and professional relationships, two regarding effects on health and three regarding effects on social relationships. The Korean version of the bullying measurement was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (x2 /df=2.90, CFI=.90, GFI=.85, NFI=.86, RMR=.06, RMSEA=.06, TLI=.89). Furthermore, the reliability verification showed Cronbach's ⍺= .85, confirming that the Korean version of the tool in this study was very reliable. Conclusion This study showed that the Korean version of the bullying measurement is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nurses in Korea.

PURPOSE: To introduce a new genetic method for the diagnosis of Avellino corneal dystrophy (ACD), which is non-invasive and can be easily performed on an outpatient basis, and to evaluate the relationship between the degree of corneal opacity and age or sex. METHODS: A genetic study was performed on 11 patients who had a specific corneal opacity by slit-lamp examination and on four normal patients by using a specific adhesive tape to obtain epidermal keratinocytes. Corneal dystrophy was diagnosed according to the genetic study. RESULTS: All 11 patients were confirmed as having heterozygous ACD. Heterozygous ACD patients were classified into five stages: trace, mild, moderate, severe, or very severe, based on slit-lamp photography status. Corneal stages had no relationship with sex (p=0.982), but the severity of ACD increased with age (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: A non-invasive sticker-type genetic study kit, the "U-gene test" is a good method to diagnose corneal dystrophy genetically. Avellino corneal dystrophy becomes more severe over time but has no relationship with sex.
Adhesives ; Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary ; Corneal Opacity ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Outpatients ; Photography

PURPOSE: To report a case of fungal endophthalmitis developed early after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). CASE SUMMARY: A 67-year-old man was diagnosed with cataract, bullous keratopathy, and Fuchs' dystrophy. He underwent phacoemulsification, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and PKP. The preoperative visual acuity was counting fingers. One day after surgery, his visual acuity was 20/200, and there was no abnormal finding. In the afternoon, a slit lamp examination showed endothelial plaque and white materials in the anterior chamber, and ultrasonography revealed vitritis. A Gram stain and a KOH smear of donor corneoscleral rim, which was conducted during the operation, revealed yeast-like organisms. An intravitreal amphotericin B injection was performed, and topical and systemic amphotericin B were administered. The donor corneoscleral rim scraping grew Candida albicans on culture. Amphotericin B injection into the anterior chamber and anterior chamber irrigation were performed. The patient's vitritis worsened, so we performed pars plana total vitrectomy. Two months after treatment, the cornea showed complete clearing, and the endothelial cell density was 1779 cells/mm2 on noncontact specular microscopy. Five months after treatment, the final best corrected visual acuity was 20/20. CONCLUSIONS: If a diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis, which develops soon after PKP, is delayed, treatment could be very difficult. Culture of a donor corneoscleral rim may provide a guide to early diagnosis and successful treatment in cases of fungal endophthalmitis following PKP.
Aged ; Amphotericin B ; Anterior Chamber ; Candida albicans ; Cataract ; Cornea ; Early Diagnosis ; Endophthalmitis ; Endothelial Cells ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Fingers ; Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Microscopy ; Phacoemulsification ; Tissue Donors ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of preservation of an epithelial sheet in Epi-LASIK on postoperative pain and epithelial wound healing time. METHODS: This prospective study included 34 eyes of 17 patients with myopia who received Epi-LASIK. An epithelial flap was created using the epikeratome (Centurion SES, Norwood Abbey EyeCare, Australia). After the stroma was ablated using the MEL 80 (Carl Zeiss Meditec. Germany) excimer laser, the epithelial sheet was replaced on the stromal bed in one randomly selected eye of each patient, and removed in the contralateral eye. The pain scores at postoperative day 0, 1, 2, 5 and the numbers of days for the complete epithelial wound healing were compared between the sheet-preserved and the sheet-removed eyes. At 1 month postoperative, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), refractive error and corneal haze were also compared. RESULTS: Pain scores on the day of operation were lower in sheet-preserved group and statistically significant (p=0.01). On postoperative day 1, 2, and 5, pain scores did not reach statistical significance (p=0.24, 0.08, 0.56, respectively). The mean epithelial healing time was 4.88+/-0.93 days for the flap-preserved eyes and 4.29+/-0.77 days for the flap-removed eyes, which showed statistical significance (p=0.01). No significant difference was noted between the 2 groups for mean UCVA, corneal haze and refractive error at 1 month postoperative. CONCLUSIONS: A preserved epithelial sheet reduced early postoperative pain but did not accelerate epithelial wound-healing rate.
Eye ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer ; Myopia ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prospective Studies ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity ; Wound Healing

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is a rare condition defined as the dilatation of coronary artery to at least 1.5 times larger than the normal adjacent coronary artery. Clinical manifestations of CAE vary, ranging from asymptomatic to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Because of its rarity and clinical diversity, the best treatment strategy and prognosis for CAE remain unclear. We describe a case of STEMI caused by intracoronary thrombus formation within an ectatic area in a patient with liver cirrhosis (LC). The patient was successfully managed by thrombus aspiration only, without balloon angioplasty or stent implantation, and maintained by dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and ticagrelor, a potent new P2Y12 inhibitor.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Aspirin ; Coronary Vessels* ; Dilatation ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Prognosis ; Stents ; Thrombosis*

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in the blade, flap dimensions, and stromal bed with repeated use of disposable blade in LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis) surgery. METHODS: A keratome was used to make a corneal flap in pig cadaver eyes, with the blades being reused up to five times. The thickness and diameter of each corneal flap was measured. Scanning electron microscopy of the stromal beds and blade cutting edges was performed to determine the effect that repeated use of the blade had on the stromal bed, and on the cutting edge of the blade. RESULTS: The thickness/diameter of flap was 169.73 +/- 7.55 micro meter/8.60 +/- 0.23 mm after single use and 142.93 +/- 13.10 micro meter/8.72 +/- 0.20 mm after being used five times, with both demensions decreasing as the blade was used more. The edge of the blade became blunt and irregular and the cutting surface rough and irregular with continual use. CONCLUSIONS: During LASIK surgery, reused blades became blunt, causing a thin flap, rough cutting face, and complications such as irregular astigmatism clinically.
Astigmatism ; Cadaver ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning