PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to provide essential resources on various evaluation strategies by identifying relationships between professor-evaluation, peer-evaluation, and self-evaluation of the core basic nursing skills in nursing students. METHODS: Forty third-year nursing students who participated in core basic nursing skills were given the same checklist that was used for assessment by the examiners. Then, the scores of the professor and the students were compared and analyzed with SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: The scores of the student peer (178.54) and student self-evaluation(177.74) was significantly higher than the scores of professor-evaluation (172.05),(F=5.03, p=.008). There was a significant, positive correlation between the professor-evaluation and the student-peer-evaluation in skill-scores(r=.47, p=.002) and attitude-scores(r=.52, p<.001). In addition, the professor-evaluation and the self-evaluation each showed a significant, positive correlation in skill-scores(r=.61, p<.001) and attitude-scores(r=.36, p=.023). CONCLUSION: The study result indicates that in order to expand the evaluation method, the professor evaluation, as well as the student self and the peer evaluation, will contribute to improve the educational achievement of learners.
Checklist ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Education* ; Education, Nursing ; Educational Status ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of structured self-debriefing using 3S models on the clinical competency, self-efficacy, and educational satisfaction in nursing students after simulation. METHODS: For this study, 76 third-year undergraduate nursing students from S university were invited. They were divided into two groups, which consisted of a self-debriefing (SDG=41) group and an instructor-led debriefing group (ILDG=35). Collected data was analyzed using Chi-square, t-test, and an independent t-test with the PASW statistics 18.0 for Windows Program. RESULTS: Clinical competency was generally high in the SDG, and statistically significant differences between the SDG and the ILDG occurred after simulations 3, 4, and 5. There were no statistically significant differences in self-efficacy and educational satisfaction between the SDG and the ILDG. However, educational satisfaction in the SDG was slightly higher, while self-efficacy was low compared to the ILDG. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the method of structured self-debriefing using a 3S model can be effective in improving clinical competency. Further studies need to be investigated.
Humans ; Nursing* ; Patient Simulation ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the research on adherence for secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Korea, and to identify the strategies for improvement that should be included in future studies. METHODS: Electric literature searches were conducted for Pubmed, CINAHL, RISS4U, KISTI, DBpia, KoreaMed, National Assembly Library, and National Library of Korea. A total of forty two articles published between 1986 and 2009 were selected based on established inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Forty research papers were related to nursing, and there was only one research paper focused on elderly people with CAD. There were no papers using concept analysis, qualitative study, or randomized controlled clinical trial. Almost all definitions of adherence were adopted from outdated compliance definitions with the attribute of 'paternalistic obligation'. Measurement tools were not based on theoretical framework of adherence but borrowed from tools for measuring self-care, health behavior, or self-efficacy. Overall patient's adherence was analyzed in most studies, except for a few studies which focused on diet and exercise only. Educational strategy was the main strategy used in intervention studies. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of adherence and measurement tools need to be clarified, along with development of the specific adherence interventions according to the type of adherence in patients with CAD.
Aged ; Compliance ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Diet ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Clinical Trial ; Korea ; Patient Compliance ; Secondary Prevention ; Self Care

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Grit (Grit-K) scale for nursing students in Korea. Methods: The participants in the study were 277 nursing students. Their grit was verified by using self-reports and the results of a questionnaire. Grit was translated into Korean and its content validity was verified by five experts. The validity of the instrument was verified through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability verification was analyzed by using internal consistency reliability. Results: Two factors were identified through exploratory factor analysis and six items of the original instrument were found to be valid. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the validity of the instrument was verified as the model. The internal consistency reliability was also acceptable and Grit was found to be an applicable instrument. Conclusion This study shows that the Korean Version of the Grit Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nursing students in Korea.

Purpose: In this study the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the bullying (bullying-K) measure for nurses in Korea was investigated. Methods: Participants included 392 nurses from general hospitals with over 300 beds in Korea and was carried out for 2 months in the form of self reporting questionnaires. In this study the content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity and reliability were verified using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 20.0. Results: The Korean version of the bullying measurement which is comprised of six factors, with a total of 37 questions that include eleven regarding attacks towards showing oneself and communication, eight regarding effects on psychology and fatigue, eight regarding effects of the organization and management, five regarding attacks towards personal and professional relationships, two regarding effects on health and three regarding effects on social relationships. The Korean version of the bullying measurement was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (x2 /df=2.90, CFI=.90, GFI=.85, NFI=.86, RMR=.06, RMSEA=.06, TLI=.89). Furthermore, the reliability verification showed Cronbach's ⍺= .85, confirming that the Korean version of the tool in this study was very reliable. Conclusion This study showed that the Korean version of the bullying measurement is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nurses in Korea.

PURPOSE: Since a few cases of keratectasia after LASIK were reported, the importance of residual corneal thickness has been emphasized. This study was to analyze adverse effects which may occur in reducing corneal flap thickness to increase residual corneal thickness. METHODS: A total of 237 eyes of 149 patients who had been followed up for 6 months or more after LASIK were evaluated retrospectively. Intended corneal flap thickness was 130 micrometer in 116 eyes(group A), and 160 micrometer in 121 eyes(group B) using an Automated Corneal Shaper(Chiron, USA). Clinical outcomes were compared between two groups. RESULTS: Except for some cases with retinal complication after surgery, 3 eyes lost best-corrected visual acuity by 2 lines or more in group A and 1 eye in group B, which was not statistically significant.(p>0.05) Fourteen eyes lost 1 line or more best-corrected visual acuity by postoperative irregular astigmatism in group A and 10 eyes in group B, which showed no significant difference, either. The incidence of flap-related complications such as wrinkling and free cap did not differ significantly between two groups(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: To leave residual cornea of greater thickness using a 130 micrometer thick flap rather than 160 micrometer may be a useful method to avoid postoperative keratectasia, one of the most severe complications.
Astigmatism ; Cornea ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify emotional labor, nursing work environment, self-efficacy and happiness index and address factors associated with happiness index to provide basic resources for national psychiatric hospital nurses' happiness at work. METHODS: Participants were 249 nurses working in 5 national psychiatric hospitals. They participated in the survey and data were collected from May 16 to July 30, 2016. Data were analysed using SPSS/WIN 22.0. RESULTS: Mean scores were nurses' emotional labor, 3.89, nursing work environment, 2.77, self-efficacy, 3.77, and happiness index, 3.52. There were significant differences on the happiness index for: department, type of work, career length, position and payment. Happiness index was influenced by self-efficacy, work environment and emotional labor. Explanatory power of these variables was 36.9%. CONCLUSION: These results show that self-efficacy and work environment are important factors related to the happiness of the national psychiatric hospital nurses. Additionally, developing an effective program to facilitate self-efficacy of nurses and research studies to identify effects of such a program are required.
Happiness* ; Hospitals, Psychiatric* ; Korea* ; Nursing*

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in the blade, flap dimensions, and stromal bed with repeated use of disposable blade in LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis) surgery. METHODS: A keratome was used to make a corneal flap in pig cadaver eyes, with the blades being reused up to five times. The thickness and diameter of each corneal flap was measured. Scanning electron microscopy of the stromal beds and blade cutting edges was performed to determine the effect that repeated use of the blade had on the stromal bed, and on the cutting edge of the blade. RESULTS: The thickness/diameter of flap was 169.73 +/- 7.55 micro meter/8.60 +/- 0.23 mm after single use and 142.93 +/- 13.10 micro meter/8.72 +/- 0.20 mm after being used five times, with both demensions decreasing as the blade was used more. The edge of the blade became blunt and irregular and the cutting surface rough and irregular with continual use. CONCLUSIONS: During LASIK surgery, reused blades became blunt, causing a thin flap, rough cutting face, and complications such as irregular astigmatism clinically.
Astigmatism ; Cadaver ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

PURPOSE: To introduce a new genetic method for the diagnosis of Avellino corneal dystrophy (ACD), which is non-invasive and can be easily performed on an outpatient basis, and to evaluate the relationship between the degree of corneal opacity and age or sex. METHODS: A genetic study was performed on 11 patients who had a specific corneal opacity by slit-lamp examination and on four normal patients by using a specific adhesive tape to obtain epidermal keratinocytes. Corneal dystrophy was diagnosed according to the genetic study. RESULTS: All 11 patients were confirmed as having heterozygous ACD. Heterozygous ACD patients were classified into five stages: trace, mild, moderate, severe, or very severe, based on slit-lamp photography status. Corneal stages had no relationship with sex (p=0.982), but the severity of ACD increased with age (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: A non-invasive sticker-type genetic study kit, the "U-gene test" is a good method to diagnose corneal dystrophy genetically. Avellino corneal dystrophy becomes more severe over time but has no relationship with sex.
Adhesives ; Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary ; Corneal Opacity ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Outpatients ; Photography

Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is effective for the management of bleeding esophageal varices, and its use is widespread now. EVL necessitates the use of overtubes. Two primary techniques have been used for overtube placement; one is with endoscope, and the other is with bougie dilator. Overtube placement with endoseope is not without risk. There are reportd of esophageal or pharyngeal laceration or perforation. Overtube placement with bougie dilator circumvents this risk, but it is rather cumbersome to use. The authors devised a safe and easy method for overtube placement, and applied it to a number of patients to test its safety and convenience. First, overtube-dilator assembly was prepared as follows. A Rigiflex achalasia dilator (balloon 30mm OD, 10cm length; Microvasive Co) was lubricated and inserted into the overtube. A tenth of the balloon tip was protruded out of the overtube, then the balloon was insufflated with air at 10-15 psi. Second, standard endoscopy was performed, followed by placement of guide wire in the stomach. Overtube-dilator assembly was lubricated and introduced over the wire as a rail. Once the overtube was properly positioned, the balloon was deflated, and the balloon and wire were removed as a whole, which completed overtube placement. For 65 patients with esophageal variceal bleeding, 82 procedures of EVL were performed using the new technique. Overtube-dilator assembly was easy to prepare and handle. This technique added little time to the procedure and minimizes patients discomfort. No patient suffered major complications such as bleeding, laceration or perforation. This novel method for overtube placement was safe and convenient for use in EVL. It can also be applied to other procedures using overtube such as endoscopic foreign body removal.
Endoscopes ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal Achalasia ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Foreign Bodies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Ligation* ; Stomach