This study investigates the relationship between smoking and periodontal disease through quantitative analysis of intra-buccal oral pathogenic bacteria detected in smokers and aims to yield objective baseline data for applications in anti-smoking and dental health education programs. From April to May 2016, participants in an oral health management program within an intensive dental hygiene training course at Choonhae College of Health Sciences received an explanation of the study purposes and methods, after which male smokers aged 18~30 years agreed to participate voluntarily. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of oral pathogenic bacteria was performed after collecting gingival sulcus fluid samples from 67 smokers. The intra-buccal oral pathogenic bacteria distributions were analyzed based on the subjects' general characteristics, smoking behaviors, and oral care behaviors. The distribution results show that pathogens in the anterior teeth are affected (in this order) by age, toothbrush size, and smoking status; older people had fewer pathogens, those who used larger toothbrushes had more pathogens, and smokers had more pathogens, compared to non-smokers ((adj)R²=19.1). In the posterior teeth, pathogens were influenced (in this order) by smoking status, smoking duration, and the number of tooth brushings per day; smokers had more pathogens than non-smokers, and those who brushed their teeth more often had fewer pathogens ((adj)R²=25.1). The overall pathogen distribution was affected only by smoking status: smokers generally had more pathogens, compared to non-smokers. Therefore, it is necessary to provide information about the risk of periodontal disease due to smoking during anti-smoking or dental health education sessions; particularly, the use of smaller toothbrushes for anterior teeth and the need for smokers in their early twenties to quit smoking for dental health should be highly emphasized.
Bacteria ; Health Education, Dental ; Humans ; Male ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Periodontal Diseases ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The benefits of thrombolytic treatment are time-dependent. We developed a smartphone application that aids stroke patient self-screening and hospital selection, and may also decrease hospital arrival time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The application was developed for iPhone and Android smartphones. Map data for the application were adopted from the open map. For hospital registration, a web page (http://stroke119.org) was developed using PHP and MySQL. RESULTS: The Stroke 119 application includes a stroke screening tool and real-time information on nearby hospitals that provide thrombolytic treatment. It also provides information on stroke symptoms, thrombolytic treatment, and prescribed actions when stroke is suspected. The stroke screening tool was adopted from the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale and is displayed in a cartoon format. If the user taps a cartoon image that represents abnormal findings, a pop-up window shows that the user may be having a stroke, informs the user what to do, and directs the user to call emergency services. Information on nearby hospitals is provided in map and list views, incorporating proximity to the user's location using a Global Positioning System (a built-in function of smartphones). Users can search for a hospital according to specialty and treatment levels. We also developed a web page for hospitals to register in the system. Neurology training hospitals and hospitals that provide acute stroke care in Korea were invited to register. Seventy-seven hospitals had completed registration. CONCLUSION: This application may be useful for reducing hospital arrival times for thrombolytic candidates.
*Cellular Phone ; Geographic Information Systems ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Republic of Korea ; Stroke/*diagnosis

The color stability of current prosthetic composites is unknown, even though the quality of com-posite materials has been improving. This study examined the intrinsic color stability of various current prosthetic resins (ceramic-polymers) after an accelerated aging process and the extrinsic color stability after immersion in a coffee solution. By comparing the amount of dis-coloration after aging with that without aging, the effect of the accelerated aging process on external discoloration could be evaluated. Three current prosthetic composites (Artglass, Targis, Sculpture), one light polymerized direct composite (Z100) and one dental porcelain control (Ceramco) were assessed. The col-or changes (delta E) of all the specimens were determined using the CIE L*a*b* color order system with a reflected spectrophotometer. The results were as follows: 1. The prosthetic composite materials subjected to the accelerated aging test showed no sig-nificant difference in color changes (p> .05). 2. In the coffee solution immersion test after the aging process, the color changes of the Targis and Artglass groups were not different from that of the Z100 group, which showed the highest color change. 3. In the immersion only test, a significantly high color change was observed in the sculpture glazing group. 4. The aging process influenced on the color changes more in the Targis, Artglass and Z100 groups than in the Sculpture and Ceramco groups.
Aging* ; Coffee* ; Dental Porcelain ; Immersion* ; Polymers ; Sculpture

No abstract available.
Cyclophosphamide* ; Doxorubicin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Sarcoma* ; Vinblastine*

Triceps tendon avulsion from the olecranon is a rare injury. Missed or delayed diagnosis may result in a weakness of strength or a decreased range of motion of the elbow. This injury is usually caused by a fall on the outstretched hand or a direct blow to the posterior arm. In addition, the rupture of the triceps tendon is implicated by a sudden eccentric contraction of the triceps muscle. To determine whether the rupture is complete or incomplete is critical to guide the treatment method. A small avulsed fragment from the olecranon may be detected on lateral radiographs of the elbow. We report three cases of the triceps tendon avulsion with a bony flake from the olecranon, which were surgically treated, along with a brief review of the literature.
Arm ; Contracts ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Elbow ; Hand ; Muscles ; Olecranon Process ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rupture ; Tendons

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Multiple Myeloma*

The fingernail is damaged and deformed by various causes such as crushing, laceration, avulsion injury, infection, tumor and personal habit. The growth disturbance of nail plate may be caused by systemic diseases or trauma without a direct injury of the fingernail and is usually found in accident. We experienced abnormal growth of nail plate in four patients with previous fractures of metacarpal bone. At about 8 weeks after trauma, a swelling and tenderness on the eponychium and a growth disturbance of affected nail plates occurred. All affected fingernails were treated with the nail extraction. The authors report four cases of growth disturbance of nail plates which obtained the satisfactory results by using the nail extraction.
Humans ; Lacerations ; Nails

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Melphalan* ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Prednisone* ; Vincristine*

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension, a syndrome of low CSF pressure, occurs without preceding events such as lumbar puncture, back trauma, operative procedure or medical illness. The most characteristic symptom is a headache that may be severe when the patient is upright and relieved when the patient is recumbent. Associated symptoms include neck stiffness, nausea and vomiting, tinnitus, vertigo and subdural effusion or hematoma. This syndrome usually resolves spontaneously or with strict bed rest. When the headache persists or is incapacitating, more aggressive treatment may be necessary. Autologous epidural blood patch is highly effective in the management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. We report a case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension successfully treated with epidural blood patch.
Bed Rest ; Blood Patch, Epidural* ; Headache ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Intracranial Hypotension* ; Nausea ; Neck ; Spinal Puncture ; Subdural Effusion ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tinnitus ; Vertigo ; Vomiting

Primary leptomeningeal melanoma is a rare and aggressive tumor that originates from pial melanin-bearing cells typically along the cerebral conveidties or at the. Base of the brain. It has been hypothesized that malignant transformation Of the preexisting precursor cells leads to diffuse infiltration of the meninges by tumor and the onset of neurological symptoms and signs . The typical neurological symptoms and signs include psychiatric disturbances, seizures, and symptoros and signs of raised intracranial pressure secondary to hydrocephalus. Blindness has been reported as a late feature. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been using, but prognosis is poor We d be our experience with 24-years-woman in which the diagnosis of primary leptomeningea1 melanoma without melanotic pigmentation of variable areas of the skm was made.
Blindness ; Brain ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Hydrocephalus ; Intracranial Pressure ; Melanoma* ; Meninges ; Pigmentation ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Seizures