No abstract available.
Blood Pressure* ; Pancreatectomy* ; Subclavian Artery* ; Subclavian Steal Syndrome*

Lingual tonsillar hypertrophy (LTH) is a rare and dangerous condition in the management of the upper airway. It is not detectable from the history or on routine preoperative physical examination. Enlarged lingual tonsils can cause posterior displacement. A 56 year old man was scheduled for emergency laryngeal microscopic surgery for the removal of a throat foreign body. After the induction of general anesthesia, intubation with a rigid laryngoscope was impossible due to LTH. After recovery of self respiration, the endotracheal tube intubation was possible by the combined use of a laryngoscope, Magil forceps and fiberoptic bronchoscope.
Anesthesia, General ; Bronchoscopes ; Emergencies ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Hypertrophy* ; Intubation* ; Laryngoscopes ; Middle Aged ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pharynx ; Physical Examination ; Respiration ; Surgical Instruments

This study was conducted to investigate the choline intake of Korean adults for the purpose of preparing a basal data required for the establishment of choline adequate intake (AI). The subjects of 56 Korean young adults were recruited from college students of 20 to 30 years old in Daejeon city. The aliquots of foods that the subjects ate for one day were collected with use of duplicate food collection method and choline content of one day meal directly was analyzed with the use of enzymatic method. Choline intakes of male subjects were in the range of 353.5 ~ 1222.5 mg and those of female subjects were in the range of 213.1 ~ 722.3 mg. Mean intakes of choline were 658.2 +/- 243.9 mg/day in male subjects and 423.3 +/- 133.6 mg/day in female, therefore choline intake of men was about 200mg higher than that of women. Median value in total subjects was 496 mg, male's median was 608.8 mg, female's median was 419.9 mg. When the subjects were devided into 4 groups by choline intake, as less than 75%, 75 ~ 100%, 100 ~ 125% and over 125% based on choline AI of USA (males: 550 mg, females: 425 mg), there was no significant difference between men (64.3%) and wemen (67.9%) in the distribution of the subjects whose choline intake is under the range of 75 ~ 125% AI of USA. However, 10.7% of men and 21.4% of female had choline intake less than 75% AI of USA while the cases of choline intake higher than 125% AI were 25% in male and 10.7% in female. Thus, it is assumed that female case in choline-deficient state would be two times more than male. When adjusted by body weight, choline intake was 9.5 +/- 3.4 mg/kg in men, 8.1 +/- 3.1 mg/kg in women and 8.8 +/- 3.3 mg/kg in total subjects. And choline intake per 1,000 kcal of men, women and total subjects were 277.1 +/- 78.4 mg, 275.9 +/- 62.1 mg and 276.5 +/- 70.1 mg respectively. From these results, it is suggested that these levels of 276.5 +/- 70.1 mg/ 1,000 kcal or 8.8 +/- 3.3 mg/kg B.W. can be used as a reference value for the establishment of AI of choline for Korean, because overall choline intake of these subjects was not in lower state compared to other nutrients intakes obtained from calculation of the food the subjects had taken.
Adult ; Body Weight ; Choline* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Reference Values ; Young Adult

Objectives: : Tianeptine is an antidepressant that has drawn attention recently. Unlike traditional monoaminergic antidepressants, tianeptine is known to affect glutamate neurotransmission like ketamine. However, there has been paucity of studies investigating the role of tianeptine on glutamate transporters, especially excitatory amino acid transporter type 3 (EAAT3). Methods: : After expression of EAAT3 by intracellular injection of EAAT3 mRNA, we investigated the effect of tianeptine on the activity of EAAT3, by measuring membrane current in response to L-glutamate administration using Xenopus oocyte expression system and two-electrode voltage clamps.. Results: : Tianeptine (1mM for 72h) significantly reduced Vmax (6.9±0.6 vs. 4.8±0.3mC, n=14-22, p<0.05) without changing Km (27.0±7.6 vs. 23.3±4.9mM, n=14-22, p=0.72). Conclusion : When tianeptine was exposed for 72h, it decreased the activity of EAAT3 in a concentration-dependent manner (1-100mM). Our results suggest that tianeptine decreases EAAT3 activity by reducing the available number or turnover rate of EAAT3.

BACKGROUND: Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is the first-line therapy for managing preeclampsia in obstetrics. Its perioperative administration has been proved to be an effective analgesic adjuvant, which we investigated in parturients undergoing Cesarean section (C-sec). METHODS: A retrospective chart review examined 504 parturients who underwent C-secs between June 2006 and August 2010, including normal parturients (group N, n = 401) and those diagnosed with preeclampsia (group P, n = 103). A postoperative numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to assess pain, and the number of rescue analgesic administrations and frequency of transfusions were investigated. Perioperative magnesium concentrations were recorded for patients in group P. RESULTS: Patients in group P had longer operation and anesthesia times, and more postoperative admission days than those in group N. The NRS of pain was significantly lower in group P at postoperative day (POD) 1 (4 vs. 5, P < 0.001), and the frequency of rescue drug administration was lower in group P at POD 1 (36.0% vs. 80.3%, P < 0.001) and POD 2 (9.7% vs. 21.1%, P = 0.005) than in group N. Red blood cell transfusions were given more frequently in group P (21.4% vs. 2%, P < 0.001). Pre- and postoperative serum magnesium concentrations in group P were 2.2 (0.5) and 2.1 (0.6) mmol/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative pain after C-sec was less severe and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia was more efficacious in the preeclampsia group than in the non-preeclampsia group. These findings likely resulted from peripartum intravenous MgSO4 administration in the preeclampsia group.
Analgesia ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Anesthesia ; Cesarean Section ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Female ; Humans ; Magnesium ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Obstetrics ; Pain, Postoperative ; Peripartum Period ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation (LTx) is an effective treatment for end stage lung disease. However, the shortage of donor lungs has been a major limiting factor to increase the number of LTx. Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is a currently approved method to evaluate lung function and to repair donor lung with poor function. The purpose of this study was to develop EVLP system in pig model and to maintain lung function during 4 hours of EVLP. METHODS: Bilateral lung blocks were harvested from five 40 kg pigs. These blocks were applied in EVLP perfused with 37degrees C Steen solution. We performed arterial blood gas (ABG) analyses before death and also every 1 hour for 4 hours after application of EVLP and calculated oxygen capacities (OC) using the results of ABG. We also calculated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and peak airway pressure (PAP) every 1 hour for 4 hours. After EVLP procedure, we excised specimens for pathologic review. RESULTS: We found that OC gradually decreased during the 4 hour period of EVLP; however, no statistically significant difference was obtained. PVR declined sharply after 1 hour of EVLP (P=0.031) and then remained constant for 3 hours. PAP significantly increased after 3 hours (P<0.0001). Pathologic investigations revealed various findings from normal lung to severe pulmonary edema. CONCLUSIONS: On the results of this study, we could preserve the lung function for 4 hours using EVLP. We conclude that application of EVLP in clinical setting can make more donor lungs available for LTx. However, we also understand that more studies and training are needed in clinical practice.
Humans ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Lung Transplantation ; Organ Preservation ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Swine ; Tissue Donors ; Unrelated Donors ; Vascular Resistance

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions are used as plasma expanders for correcting hypovolemia, but can lead to impaired coagulation. We evaluated the changes in hematological and hemostatic profiles with three types of HES. METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive volume replacement with 10% pentastarch 260/0.45 in 0.9% saline (Group-PEN, n = 25), 6% tetrastarch 130/0.4 in 0.9% saline (Group-TET(S), n = 25), or 6% tetrastarch 130/0.4 in a balanced electrolyte solution (Group-TET(B), n = 25). Coagulation was assessed using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM(R)) and other laboratory tests were performed, including measurements of hematological and hemostatic parameters and electrolytes. RESULTS: Post-operative ROTEM(R) parameters changed toward hypocoagulable states in all groups. The post-operative parameters of EXTEM and FIBTEM were more impaired in Group-PEN than in Group-TET(B). The percentage change in INTEM clot formation time (P = 0.004) and alpha-angle (P = 0.003) were smaller in Group-TET(S) and Group-TET(B) than in Group-PEN. The percentage change in the FIBTEM maximum clot firmness was greatest in Group-PEN (P = 0.011). The international normalized ratio of prothrombin time (P < 0.001) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (P < 0.001) were significantly prolonged in Group-PEN compared to those of Group-TET(B). CONCLUSIONS: The 6% HES 130/0.4 in a balanced electrolyte solution seemed to have less of an impact on blood coagulation than the 10% HES 260/0.45. No differences in hemostatic profile were observed between the balanced electrolyte and saline-based 6% HES 130/0.4.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Blood Coagulation* ; Colloids* ; Electrolytes ; Humans ; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives* ; Hypovolemia ; International Normalized Ratio ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Plasma ; Prothrombin Time ; Starch ; Thrombelastography

BACKGROUND: Sensitive skin has been described as a skin type showing higher reactivity than normal skin and developing exaggerated reactions when exposed to internal stimulants and external irritants. The lactic acid sting test is widely accepted as a marker of skin sensitivity and employed for the selection of subjects experiencing invisible sensory irritation. OBJECTIVE: To carry out an epidemiological study to assess the prevalence and possible related factors of sensitive skin in a regional population, and to examine the relationship between sensitive skin and subjective irritation using the lactic acid sting test. METHODS: A total of 514 people responded to self-assessment questionnaires composed of questions about the self-perception, related factors, symptoms and signs of sensitive skin. We assessed subjective irritation using the lactic acid sting test in 54 volunteers. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows: 1. The incidences of self-reported sensitive skin were 55.7% for women, 38.9% for men and 51.0% for all responders. 2. The family history and seasonal variation of sensitive skin were significantly more common in sensitive skin group. 3. The face especially the cheek area was the most sensitive portion of body, cosmetics were common irritants. 4. The lactic acid stinging scores were significantly higher in the sensitive skin group. CONCLUSION: Our survey indicated that sensitive skin is a common problem for people and a complex problem with genetic, individual, environmental implications and the lactic acid sting test is a valuable method to define skin sensitivity.
Bites and Stings* ; Cheek ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Irritants ; Lactic Acid* ; Male ; Patient Selection ; Prevalence ; Seasons ; Self Concept ; Self-Assessment ; Skin* ; Volunteers ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is a drug of choice for women with preeclampsia, with evidence that it reduces progression to eclampsia and maternal mortality. However, no previous studies have been conducted on the effect of magnesium sulfate on labor. This retrospective study investigated the effect of magnesium sulfate on the labor duration and the neonatal outcomes in parturients with preeclampsia. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 209 women who delivered vaginally with the diagnosis of preeclampsia from January 1, 2003 to June 30, 2013. They were divided into two groups, primipara (Primi group) and multipara (Multi group). Then, each group was subclassified as MgSO4-treated (Mg group) and MgSO4-untreated group (Cont group) again. Collected data included the duration of each stage of labor and neonatal outcomes. RESULTS: The duration of the 1st stage of labor was significantly longer in the Multi-Mg group, compared with the Multi-Cont group (138 +/- 149 min vs. 88 +/- 92 min, P = 0.025). However, the total labor durations were comparable between the two groups. Primi group had no difference in durations of any stage of labor and the total duration. Neonates showed worse outcomes (lower birth weight, lower Apgar, higher NICU admission rate) in the Primi-Mg group than the Primi-Cont group. CONCLUSIONS: Although preeclamptic multiparous parturients treated with MgSO4 showed longer 1st stage of labor than those untreated with MgSO4, the total labor durations were comparable between the groups.
Diagnosis ; Eclampsia ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnesium Sulfate* ; Maternal Mortality ; Medical Records ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Delayed Emergence from Anesthesia* ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery* ; Posterior Cerebral Artery*