PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of structured self-debriefing using 3S models on the clinical competency, self-efficacy, and educational satisfaction in nursing students after simulation. METHODS: For this study, 76 third-year undergraduate nursing students from S university were invited. They were divided into two groups, which consisted of a self-debriefing (SDG=41) group and an instructor-led debriefing group (ILDG=35). Collected data was analyzed using Chi-square, t-test, and an independent t-test with the PASW statistics 18.0 for Windows Program. RESULTS: Clinical competency was generally high in the SDG, and statistically significant differences between the SDG and the ILDG occurred after simulations 3, 4, and 5. There were no statistically significant differences in self-efficacy and educational satisfaction between the SDG and the ILDG. However, educational satisfaction in the SDG was slightly higher, while self-efficacy was low compared to the ILDG. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the method of structured self-debriefing using a 3S model can be effective in improving clinical competency. Further studies need to be investigated.
Humans ; Nursing* ; Patient Simulation ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to provide essential resources on various evaluation strategies by identifying relationships between professor-evaluation, peer-evaluation, and self-evaluation of the core basic nursing skills in nursing students. METHODS: Forty third-year nursing students who participated in core basic nursing skills were given the same checklist that was used for assessment by the examiners. Then, the scores of the professor and the students were compared and analyzed with SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: The scores of the student peer (178.54) and student self-evaluation(177.74) was significantly higher than the scores of professor-evaluation (172.05),(F=5.03, p=.008). There was a significant, positive correlation between the professor-evaluation and the student-peer-evaluation in skill-scores(r=.47, p=.002) and attitude-scores(r=.52, p<.001). In addition, the professor-evaluation and the self-evaluation each showed a significant, positive correlation in skill-scores(r=.61, p<.001) and attitude-scores(r=.36, p=.023). CONCLUSION: The study result indicates that in order to expand the evaluation method, the professor evaluation, as well as the student self and the peer evaluation, will contribute to improve the educational achievement of learners.
Checklist ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Education* ; Education, Nursing ; Educational Status ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the research on adherence for secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Korea, and to identify the strategies for improvement that should be included in future studies. METHODS: Electric literature searches were conducted for Pubmed, CINAHL, RISS4U, KISTI, DBpia, KoreaMed, National Assembly Library, and National Library of Korea. A total of forty two articles published between 1986 and 2009 were selected based on established inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Forty research papers were related to nursing, and there was only one research paper focused on elderly people with CAD. There were no papers using concept analysis, qualitative study, or randomized controlled clinical trial. Almost all definitions of adherence were adopted from outdated compliance definitions with the attribute of 'paternalistic obligation'. Measurement tools were not based on theoretical framework of adherence but borrowed from tools for measuring self-care, health behavior, or self-efficacy. Overall patient's adherence was analyzed in most studies, except for a few studies which focused on diet and exercise only. Educational strategy was the main strategy used in intervention studies. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of adherence and measurement tools need to be clarified, along with development of the specific adherence interventions according to the type of adherence in patients with CAD.
Aged ; Compliance ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Diet ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Clinical Trial ; Korea ; Patient Compliance ; Secondary Prevention ; Self Care

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Grit (Grit-K) scale for nursing students in Korea. Methods: The participants in the study were 277 nursing students. Their grit was verified by using self-reports and the results of a questionnaire. Grit was translated into Korean and its content validity was verified by five experts. The validity of the instrument was verified through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability verification was analyzed by using internal consistency reliability. Results: Two factors were identified through exploratory factor analysis and six items of the original instrument were found to be valid. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the validity of the instrument was verified as the model. The internal consistency reliability was also acceptable and Grit was found to be an applicable instrument. Conclusion This study shows that the Korean Version of the Grit Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nursing students in Korea.

Purpose: In this study the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the bullying (bullying-K) measure for nurses in Korea was investigated. Methods: Participants included 392 nurses from general hospitals with over 300 beds in Korea and was carried out for 2 months in the form of self reporting questionnaires. In this study the content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity and reliability were verified using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 20.0. Results: The Korean version of the bullying measurement which is comprised of six factors, with a total of 37 questions that include eleven regarding attacks towards showing oneself and communication, eight regarding effects on psychology and fatigue, eight regarding effects of the organization and management, five regarding attacks towards personal and professional relationships, two regarding effects on health and three regarding effects on social relationships. The Korean version of the bullying measurement was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (x2 /df=2.90, CFI=.90, GFI=.85, NFI=.86, RMR=.06, RMSEA=.06, TLI=.89). Furthermore, the reliability verification showed Cronbach's ⍺= .85, confirming that the Korean version of the tool in this study was very reliable. Conclusion This study showed that the Korean version of the bullying measurement is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nurses in Korea.

PURPOSE: IOLMaster(R), a non-contact device using partial coherence interferometry, serves as a new optical method for axial length determination. The accuracy of this device was analyzed by comparing the measurements from IOLMaster(R) and A-scan. METHODS: We measured the axial lengths in 150 eyes of 80 patients with IOLMaster(R) and A-scan. Then, we examined the difference of measurements between the IOLMaster(R) and A-scan according to the patients' age, refractive error, type of cataract, and existence of cataract. RESULTS: Axial length could not be measured with IOLMaster(R) in 12 eyes, which all had severe cataract. The measurements from IOLMaster(R) in both, the cataract group and the normal group, resulted 0.02mm longer than those from A-scan, but did not differ significantly (p>0.1). Also, there was no statistical difference of measurements between IOLMaster(R) and A-scan according to the patients' age, refractive error, and types of cataract (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Axial length measurement with IOLMaster(R) shows no significant difference from A-scan measurement. Therefore, IOLMaster(R) can be a new clinical method of axial length measurement except for cases of a severe cataract.
Cataract ; Humans ; Interferometry ; Refractive Errors

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of preservation of an epithelial sheet in Epi-LASIK on postoperative pain and epithelial wound healing time. METHODS: This prospective study included 34 eyes of 17 patients with myopia who received Epi-LASIK. An epithelial flap was created using the epikeratome (Centurion SES, Norwood Abbey EyeCare, Australia). After the stroma was ablated using the MEL 80 (Carl Zeiss Meditec. Germany) excimer laser, the epithelial sheet was replaced on the stromal bed in one randomly selected eye of each patient, and removed in the contralateral eye. The pain scores at postoperative day 0, 1, 2, 5 and the numbers of days for the complete epithelial wound healing were compared between the sheet-preserved and the sheet-removed eyes. At 1 month postoperative, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), refractive error and corneal haze were also compared. RESULTS: Pain scores on the day of operation were lower in sheet-preserved group and statistically significant (p=0.01). On postoperative day 1, 2, and 5, pain scores did not reach statistical significance (p=0.24, 0.08, 0.56, respectively). The mean epithelial healing time was 4.88+/-0.93 days for the flap-preserved eyes and 4.29+/-0.77 days for the flap-removed eyes, which showed statistical significance (p=0.01). No significant difference was noted between the 2 groups for mean UCVA, corneal haze and refractive error at 1 month postoperative. CONCLUSIONS: A preserved epithelial sheet reduced early postoperative pain but did not accelerate epithelial wound-healing rate.
Eye ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer ; Myopia ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prospective Studies ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity ; Wound Healing

The upper gastrointestinal bleeding is to be controlled and prevented for recurrent bleeding with several endoscopic methods. The sapphire contact probe in Nd: YAG laser photocoagulation was compared to conventional non-contact probe in hemostatic efficacy. (continue...)
Aluminum Oxide ; Arteries* ; Hemorrhage ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Light Coagulation* ; Rabbits*

PURPOSE: To report a case of fungal endophthalmitis developed early after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). CASE SUMMARY: A 67-year-old man was diagnosed with cataract, bullous keratopathy, and Fuchs' dystrophy. He underwent phacoemulsification, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and PKP. The preoperative visual acuity was counting fingers. One day after surgery, his visual acuity was 20/200, and there was no abnormal finding. In the afternoon, a slit lamp examination showed endothelial plaque and white materials in the anterior chamber, and ultrasonography revealed vitritis. A Gram stain and a KOH smear of donor corneoscleral rim, which was conducted during the operation, revealed yeast-like organisms. An intravitreal amphotericin B injection was performed, and topical and systemic amphotericin B were administered. The donor corneoscleral rim scraping grew Candida albicans on culture. Amphotericin B injection into the anterior chamber and anterior chamber irrigation were performed. The patient's vitritis worsened, so we performed pars plana total vitrectomy. Two months after treatment, the cornea showed complete clearing, and the endothelial cell density was 1779 cells/mm2 on noncontact specular microscopy. Five months after treatment, the final best corrected visual acuity was 20/20. CONCLUSIONS: If a diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis, which develops soon after PKP, is delayed, treatment could be very difficult. Culture of a donor corneoscleral rim may provide a guide to early diagnosis and successful treatment in cases of fungal endophthalmitis following PKP.
Aged ; Amphotericin B ; Anterior Chamber ; Candida albicans ; Cataract ; Cornea ; Early Diagnosis ; Endophthalmitis ; Endothelial Cells ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Fingers ; Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Microscopy ; Phacoemulsification ; Tissue Donors ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is effective for the management of bleeding esophageal varices, and its use is widespread now. EVL necessitates the use of overtubes. Two primary techniques have been used for overtube placement; one is with endoscope, and the other is with bougie dilator. Overtube placement with endoseope is not without risk. There are reportd of esophageal or pharyngeal laceration or perforation. Overtube placement with bougie dilator circumvents this risk, but it is rather cumbersome to use. The authors devised a safe and easy method for overtube placement, and applied it to a number of patients to test its safety and convenience. First, overtube-dilator assembly was prepared as follows. A Rigiflex achalasia dilator (balloon 30mm OD, 10cm length; Microvasive Co) was lubricated and inserted into the overtube. A tenth of the balloon tip was protruded out of the overtube, then the balloon was insufflated with air at 10-15 psi. Second, standard endoscopy was performed, followed by placement of guide wire in the stomach. Overtube-dilator assembly was lubricated and introduced over the wire as a rail. Once the overtube was properly positioned, the balloon was deflated, and the balloon and wire were removed as a whole, which completed overtube placement. For 65 patients with esophageal variceal bleeding, 82 procedures of EVL were performed using the new technique. Overtube-dilator assembly was easy to prepare and handle. This technique added little time to the procedure and minimizes patients discomfort. No patient suffered major complications such as bleeding, laceration or perforation. This novel method for overtube placement was safe and convenient for use in EVL. It can also be applied to other procedures using overtube such as endoscopic foreign body removal.
Endoscopes ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal Achalasia ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Foreign Bodies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Ligation* ; Stomach